scholarly journals In-Soil Application of NP Mineral Fertilizer as a Method of Improving Nitrogen Yielding Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Przemysław Barłóg ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska

This study presents the results of a four-year field experiment assessing the effectiveness of phosphorus application in maize cultivation according to the depth of two-component fertilizer (NP) placement in the soil layer, type of nitrogen fertilizer and date of application. Nitrogen utilization from mineral fertilizer was low—on average, 37.1% during the four years of research. The nitrogen metabolism index, measuring the agricultural and physiological efficiency of nitrogen use, confirmed the significant impact of NP fertilizer placement at 10 and 5 cm as optimal in maize fertilization. The use of nitrogen in maize cultivation before sowing, compared to the application of this component at the phase of 5-6 leaves BBCH 15/16 stage (stage of leaf development with five–six leaves unfolded), significantly increased the agricultural and physiological effectiveness of nitrogen applied in mineral fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate application before sowing the maize, compared to top dressing at the BBCH 15/16 stage, significantly increased nitrogen uptake and utilization from mineral fertilizer. Date of urea fertilizer application to the soil did not have a significant impact on these indicators in maize cultivation.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kamila Nowosad ◽  
Henryk Bujak ◽  
Waldemar Zielewicz ◽  
...  

Field experiments were carried out at the Department of Agronomy of the Poznań University of Life Sciences to determine the effect of the depth of NP fertilization placement in maize cultivation on the number of plants after emergence. The adopted assumptions were verified based on a six-year field experiment involving four depths of NP fertilizer application (A1—0 cm (broadcast), A2—5 cm (in rows), A3—10 cm (in rows), A4—15 cm (in rows)). The objective of this study was to assess NP fertilizer placement depth, in conjunction with the year, on the number of maize (Zea mays L.) plants after emergence using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The number of plants after emergence decreased with the depth of NP fertilization in the soil profile, confirming the high dependence of maize on phosphorus and nitrogen availability, as well as greater subsoil loosening during placement. The number of plants after emergence for the experimental NP fertilizer placement depths varied from 7.237 to 8.201 plant m−2 during six years, with an average of 7.687 plant m−2. The 61.51% of variation in the total number of plants after emergence was explained by years differences, 23.21% by differences between NP fertilizer placement depths and 4.68% by NP fertilizer placement depths by years interaction. NP fertilizer placement depth 10 cm (A3) was the most stable (ASV = 1.361) in terms of the number of plants after emergence among the studied NP fertilizer placement depths. Assuming that the maize kernels are placed in the soil at a depth of approx. 5 cm, the fertilizer during starter fertilization should be placed 5 cm to the side and below the kernel. Deeper NP fertilizer application in maize cultivation is not recommended. The condition for the use of agriculture progress, represented by localized fertilization, is the simultaneous recognition of the aspects of yielding physiology of new maize varieties and the assessment of their reaction to deeper seed placement during sowing.


2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 524-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Guo ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
D. Wang

To investigate the effect of low soil pH caused by fertilization on soil available zinc in calcareous soil, this study was conducted based on a long-term experiment consisting of: (a) no fertilization (CT); (b) mineral fertilizer application coupled with 7500 kg/ha of wheat straw (WS-NPK); (c) mineral fertilizer application coupled with 3750 kg/ha of wheat straw (1/2WS-NPK); (d) mineral fertilizer application alone (NPK). Long-term fertilization results in a significant increase in soil DTPA-extractable zinc. However, the increased soil DTPA-extractable zinc is unavailable to crops and mainly confined to 0.25 mm > and 0.25 mm to 1 mm aggregates. Compared to CT, soil DTPA-extractable zinc under fertilization is more than 9.67% and 122.36% higher in 0.25 mm > and 0.25 mm to 1 mm aggregates, respectively. Furthermore, plant-available zinc in the 0–15 cm soil layer and wheat grain zinc are both significantly positive related to soil DTPA-extractable zinc in > 2 mm aggregates. Therefore, plant-available zinc in the 0–15 cm layer is closely associated with DTPA-extractable zinc in > 2 mm aggregates, and the low soil pH caused by long-term fertilization could not enhance plant-available zinc in the surface soil layer nor elevate wheat grain zinc concentration because of the occlusive effect of soil aggregates.


2012 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1558-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Hgaza ◽  
L. N. Diby ◽  
A. Oberson ◽  
A. Tschannen ◽  
B. T. Tié ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Przemysław Barłóg ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
...  

The study presents results of 4-year field trials; their purpose was to assess the effectiveness indices of phosphorus recovery in maize cultivation depending on the depth of two-component fertiliser (NP) placement in the soil layer, type of nitrogen fertiliser (ammonium nitrate and urea) and time point of the application. The hypothesis of the experiment assumed that different depth of NP fertiliser placement improved the indices of phosphorus application in maize cultivation. Row fertilisation with two-component NP fertiliser, regardless of the year, clearly affected phosphorus accumulation (uptake) with grain yield. The recovery metabolism index, i.e., the phosphorus recovery of a mineral fertiliser component was at a low level (on average < 12%). Row application, regardless of the depth of fertiliser placement, was more effective in relation to broadcast sowing. The index of agricultural efficiency of phosphorus confirms the significant impact of the depth of NP fertiliser placement at 5 cm in the soil as optimal for agricultural practice. The use of nitrogen in maize cultivation before sowing, compared to the application of this component at the BBCH 15/16 stage, significantly increases agricultural effectiveness of phosphorus applied as mineral fertiliser. The placement of NP fertiliser deep in the soil profile was more effective compared to traditional broadcast fertilisation. The method of fertiliser application in maize cultivation can thus be a tool increasing cultivation profitability in both economic and environmental terms.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Iwona Mejza

SummaryA field study was conducted at the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences to determine the effect of the depth of NP fertilizer application in maize cultivation on the dynamics of initial maize growth, expressed in dry matter of a single plant at two juvenile maize stages. The adopted assumptions were verified on the basis of a four-year field experiment using four depths of NP fertilizer application, two nitrogen fertilizers and two nitrogen dose application dates. Thermal conditions in the early maize growing season had a significant effect on maize response to the depth of application of a phosphorus starting dose. Row fertilization (regardless of the depth of fertilizer application) was more effective than broadcast fertilization at both studied developmental stages.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Paweł Gierasimiuk ◽  
Hubert Rusecki

One of the adverse effects of no-tillage is the accumulation of nutrients (in particular P and K) in the top soil layer. The subsurface application of mineral fertilizers at a depth of 10–30 cm can reduce this phenomenon and at the same time provide a relatively uniform access to soil nutrients for plant roots. Such a method of mineral fertilizer application can additionally decrease the environmental risk associated with water eutrophication because the water runoff from fields, where the soil P content is high, is reduced. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the subsurface application of different rates of a compound mineral fertilizer on the content of some macronutrients, soil organic carbon content (SOC), and soil pH in a field after the harvest of soybean grown under reduced tillage conditions. The field experiment was conducted during the growing seasons of 2014/2015–2016/2017 in the village of Rogów, Zamość County, Poland. It was set up as a split-plot design in four replicates. The first experimental factor included two methods of mineral fertilization application: fertilizer broadcast over the soil surface (S); fertilizer applied deep (subsurface placed) using a specially designed cultivator (Sub-S). The other factor was the rates of the mineral fertilizer (NPKS): 85 kg∙ha−1 (F85) and 170 kg∙ha−1 (F170). Over the successive years of the study, the SOC content was found to increase. However, neither the fertilization rate nor the method of fertilizer application caused any significant difference in organic carbon. Under subsurface fertilizer application conditions, a higher soil pH was found in treatment F85, however, when the fertilizer was surface-applied, the soil in treatment F170 had a higher pH value. During the three-year study period, the P and K content in the 0–30 cm soil layer was higher than in the 30–60 cm and 60–90 cm layers. In turn, the highest Mg content was determined in the 30–60 cm layer. In the case of both mineral fertilizer application methods, a higher P content was determined in the soil fertilized at a rate of 170 kg NPKS, compared with a rate of 85 kg∙ha−1. The surface application of the higher rate of mineral fertilization resulted in an increase in the soil K content. On the other hand, when the mineral fertilizer was subsurface-applied, a higher soil K was determined in the treatments with lower mineral fertilization.


Author(s):  
A.I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh.A. Ivanova ◽  
O.I. Yakusheva ◽  
P.A. Filippov

Целью комплексного исследования, выполненного в Меньковском филиале АФИ в 20122017 годах была оценка вредоносности возбудителя фитофтороза в зависимости от почвенноагрохимических и погодноклиматических условий. Методической основой исследования служил длительный полевой опыт агрофизический стационар в системе полевого и овощекормового севооборотов, в которых картофель возделывали по обороту пласта многолетних трав после озимой ржи и после ячменя. Объектами исследования служили: картофель раннеспелого сорта Ломоносовский среднеустойчивого к возбудителю фитофтороза по клубням и слабоустойчивого по ботве дерновоподзолистая почва средней, хорошей и высокой степени окультуренности и системы удобрения культуры. Супесчаная почва опыта характеризовалась рНКСl 5,26,3, содержанием гумуса 2,13,7, подвижных соединений P2О5 195676 мг/кг и К2О 97298 мг/кг. На хорошо окультуренной и высокоокультуренной почвах их поддерживали применением под картофель 35 и 70 т/га органических удобрений соответственно. Факторы исследования: степень окультуренности почвы (варианты: средняя, хорошая и высокая) и уровень применения минеральных удобрений в расчете на заданный КПД (коэффициент полезного действия фотосинтетически активной радиации) (варианты: КПД ФАР, 13 без удобрений КПД ФАР, 24 N80P20K100 КПД ФАР, 35 N120P30K150). В ходе комплексного исследования установлены параметры поражения возбудителем фитофтороза и уровень потерь урожая картофеля в зависимости от агроклиматических и почвенноагрохимических условий. Агрономическая эффективность изученных вариантов системы удобрения на культуре картофеля высокая. Уровень прибавок урожайности клубней и окупаемость 1 кг д.в. удобрений достигли 3358 и 8,311,6 з.ед. (зерновых единиц) на минеральной, 2545 и 3,98,0 з.ед. на органической и 3379 и 3,86,7 з.ед. на органоминеральной системе удобрения. В неэпифитотийных условиях (2 из 3 лет наблюдений) на фоне низких и умеренных показателей поражения общие потери урожая составляют 5, а окультуривание почвы и применение органических и минеральных удобрений снижают их на 3080. На эпифитотийном фоне, повторяющемся 1 раз в 3 года, пораженность ботвы и клубней картофеля возрастает в 4,3 и 6,1, интенсивность поражения в 2,8 и 3 и развитие в 12 и 17,5 раза соответственно. В эпифитотийные годы потери урожая возрастают в 5,2 раза (до 26), а минеральная система удобрения сокращает их только на среднеокультуренной почве. На этом фоне повышение степени окультуренности почвы и доз органических удобрений до высокого уровня неэффективно.Late blight is one of the most harmful potato diseases in the NorthWest of Russia. Today, its negative effects are aggravated by weather and climate changes. The goal of a comprehensive study carried out in the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Institute in 2012 2017 was an assessment of the harmfulness of the late blight pathogen depending on soilagrochemical, weather and climate conditions. The methodical basis of the research was a prolonged field agrophysical stationary experiment in the system of field and vegetablefeed crop rotations, where potato was cultivated after winter rye and after barley, which, in turn, were grown after perennial grasses. The objects of the study were potato Lomonosovsky, sodpodzolic soil with different degree of cultivation and fertilizer systems for the culture. Potato Lomonosovsky is early ripening variety, its tubers are medium resistant to the late blight agent, and its tops are weakly resistant to it. The sodpodzolic soil had average, good and high cultivation degree. Sandy loam soil in the experiment had the value of pHKCl of 5.2 6.3, the humus content of 2.1 3.7, the content of mobile P2O5 and K2O compounds of 195 676, 97 298 mg/kg, respectively. In well and highly cultivated soils, these parameters were maintained by the application of 35 and 70 t/ha of organic fertilizers for potato, respectively. The experimental factors were the degree of soil cultivation (average, good and high) and the level of mineral fertilizer application for a given efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR efficiency of 1 3, without fertilizers PAR efficiency of 2 4, N80P20K100 PAR efficiency of 3 5, N120P30K150). In the course of the comprehensive study, the parameters of potato damage by late blight and the level of crop losses were established depending on the agroclimatic soilagrochemical conditions. Agronomic efficiency of the studied variants of the fertilizer system for potato was high. The level of tuber yield increase and payback of 1 kg of fertilizers active substances reached 33 58 and 8.3 11.6 cereal units (CU) for the mineral system, 25 45 and 3.9 8.0 CU for the organic one, and 33 79 and 3.8 6.7 CU for the organic and mineral fertilizer system. Under nonepiphytotic conditions (2 of 3 years of the observation), against the background of low and moderate damage rates, the total yield loss was 5, and the soil improvement and organic and mineral fertilizer application reduced them by 30 80. Against an epiphytotic background, repeated 1 time in 3 years, the damage of tops and potato tubers increases by a factor of 4.3 and 6.1, the intensity of the damage grew 2.8 and 3 times, and the development increases by a factor of 12 and 17.5 times, respectively. In the epiphytotic years, yield losses increased 5.2 times (up to 26), and the mineral fertilizer system reduced them only in medium cultured soil. Against this background, increasing the soil cultivation degree and organic fertilizer doses to a high level is ineffective.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O.S. Gavrishko ◽  
Yu.M. Olifir ◽  
T.V. Partyka

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gmünder ◽  
Reena Singh ◽  
Stephan Pfister ◽  
Alok Adheloya ◽  
Rainer Zah

In the context of energy security, rural development and climate change, India actively promotes the cultivation ofJatropha curcas, a biodiesel feedstock which has been identified as suitable for achieving the Indian target of 20% biofuel blending by 2017. In this paper, we present results concerning the range of environmental impacts of differentJatropha curcascultivation systems. Moreover, nine agronomic trials in Andhra Pradesh are analysed, in which the yield was measured as a function of different inputs such as water, fertilizer, pesticides, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Further, the environmental impact of the wholeJatropha curcasbiodiesel value chain is benchmarked with fossil diesel, following the ISO 14040/44 life cycle assessment procedure. Overall, this study shows that the use ofJatropha curcasbiodiesel generally reduces the global warming potential and the nonrenewable energy demand as compared to fossil diesel. On the other hand, the environmental impacts on acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, and water depletion all showed increases. Key for reducing the environmental impact ofJatropha curcasbiodiesel is the resource efficiency during crop cultivation (especially mineral fertilizer application) and the optimal site selection of theJatropha curcasplantations.


2022 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 108430
Author(s):  
Olusegun Idowu ◽  
Yuanzheng Wang ◽  
Koki Homma ◽  
Tetsuya Nakazaki ◽  
Zhengjin Xu ◽  
...  

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