scholarly journals Effects of Organic Amendments on the Improvement of Soil Nutrients and Crop Yield in Sandy Soils during a 4-Year Field Experiment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Northern China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Yingxing Zhao ◽  
Yuanquan Chen ◽  
Hongcui Dai ◽  
Jixiao Cui ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Total N

To address the low productivity of sandy farmlands, our study aimed to conduct a comparative study on the effects of different organic amendment (OA) inputs for the potential improvement of crop yield and soil quality in sandy alkaline farmlands through the selection of a suitable OA. This study set up straw (ST) returning as control and chemical fertilizer (CF) treatment as a side control, and chose three OAs returning as treatments, including pig manure (PM), biogas residue (BR), and straw biochar (BC), for improving soil fertility, with all amendments having matched doses of nitrogen (N). The experiment was conducted at the Wuqiao Experimental Station (37°41 N, 116°37 E) of China Agricultural University in Hebei Province, China, from October 2012 to September 2016. The cropping rotation was the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system. Through a consecutive four-year field experiment, the principal results showed that three types of OA application significantly increased soil organic carbon from 1.46 g kg−1 to 8.24 g kg−1, soil total N from 0.21 g kg−1 to 0.64 g kg−1, soil available potassium from 55.85 mg kg−1 to 288.76 mg kg−1, and soil available phosphate from 4.86 mg kg−1 to 65.00 mg kg−1 in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The BR was the most effective in improving soil nutrients as compared with the ST. The PM and BR treatments were more conducive to promoting crop yield by 6–20% than ST, and the BC treatment significantly reduced the yield of winter wheat by 19% and summer maize by 8%. As the BR and PM treatments improved the soil nutrient content and significantly increased crop yield, these were the top choices for transforming the low-yield sandy farmlands.

scholarly journals Using organic fertilizers to increase crop yield, economic growth, and soil quality in a temperate farmland

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cen ◽  
Liyue Guo ◽  
Meizhen Liu ◽  
Xian Gu ◽  
Caihong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Total N

We used a constant total N application base rate to conduct a two-year field experiment comparing the effects of three organic fertilizers (rapeseed meal (RSM), soybean meal (SBM), and cattle manure (CM)) on the crop yield, economic growth, and soil quality of a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. Winter wheat and summer maize in rapeseed meal treatment (RSMT), soybean meal treatment (SBMT), and cattle manure treatment (CMT) showed yield increases of 161%, 299%, and 256%, respectively, when compared to no organic fertilizer treatment (CK) (P < 0.05). The annual net incomes of SBMT and CMT were 1.46 and 1.42 times higher, respectively, than RSMT. Compared to the results of the CK group, RSM, SBM, and CM stimulated the soil physically, chemically, and biologically. We found the highest soil macroaggregate proportions, soil organic matter (SOM) levels, total N (TN) levels, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) levels in SBMT. The highest soil pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) levels, and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) levels were observed in CMT. We used a soil quality index (SQI) to evaluate soil quality. After the two-year fertilization treatments, we calculated the SQI using a minimum data set (MDS). We used SOM levels and actinomycete quantity for the MDS properties. The SQI values were significantly different across the four treatments, with the highest values occurring in SBMT, then CMT and RSMT. In conclusion, SBM and CM were more effective than RSM at maintaining crop yield, economic growth, and soil quality.

scholarly journals Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Birkás ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Gecse ◽  
K. Bordás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at G&ouml;d&ouml;ll&ouml;. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

Crop yield and N2O emission affected by long-term organic manure substitution fertilizer under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 732 ◽  
pp. 139321
Author(s):  
Fenglian Lv ◽  
Jiashan Song ◽  
Donna Giltrap ◽  
Yongtao Feng ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Summer Maize

Availability to subsequent crops and leaching of nitrogen in 15N-labelled sugarbeet tops and oilseed rape residues

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Thomsen ◽  
B. T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Subsequent Crop

SUMMARYIn autumn 1991, sugarbeet tops (Beta vulgaris L.) and different components of oilseed rape residues (Brassica napus L.), both labelled with 15N, were incorporated into the soil under field conditions at Askov Experimental Station, Denmark, using stainless steel cylinders to contain the treatments. The availability of this labelled N to a subsequent crop was measured, using as test crops autumn-sown rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In spring 1992, cylinders with 15 N-residues received NH4NO3 and those without 15NH415NO3. In a parallel experiment, 15N-labelled beet tops were incorporated in lysimeters. A four-course rotation of sugarbeet, spring barley (undersown with perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L.), perennial ryegrass and winter wheat at two rates of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) or animal slurry was grown in these lysimeters. Leaching and the availability of beet top N to successive crops were followed for 2 years. The soil in the cylinders and lysimeters was a light sandy loam (˜ 10% clay).Of the 7·10 g N/m2 added in beet tops, 10–15% was harvested in two subsequent crops of barley and ryegrass and 13–19% was lost by nitrate leaching. Beet top N accounted for 3–7% of the total N offtake in 1992. In 1993 < 1·5% of the total N offtake in ryegrass was from the beet tops applied in 1991. Combining results from mineral fertilized treatments, it was found that 9% of the beet top N was removed in the first cereal crop, 9% was lost by nitrate leaching and 68% remained in the 0–20 cm soil layer (including roots), suggesting that the denitrification loss was < 15%.Incorporation of oilseed rape stubble (1·35 g N/m2), two rates of pods (6·25 and 18·75 g N/m2) or mixed residues (12·25 g N/m2) contributed 0·5, 2·3, 7·4 and 4·6%, respectively, to the total N harvested in the following crop of winter wheat. The percentage of the added labelled N taken up by the wheat ranged from 4·9 to 6·1%, with 60–79% remaining in the 0–20 cm layer after harvest.For beet tops it was calculated that 100 kg N/ha in residues incorporated in the autumn could replace 18 kg N/ha given in the following spring as mineral fertilizer. For oilseed residues, the corresponding average value was 9 kg N/ha.In fertilized cropping systems, oilseed rape residues had minor effects on the subsequent crop, so that an uneven return of residues, as often occurs with combined crops, would do little harm. A considerable proportion of the N applied in sugarbeet tops was lost by leaching and the residual value of the sugarbeet tops to subsequent crops was low.

scholarly journals Reinspecting the Climate-Crop Yields Relationship at a Finer Scale and the Climate Damage Evaluation: Evidence from China

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yongbin Zhu ◽  
Yajuan Shi ◽  
Changxin Liu ◽  
Bing Lyu ◽  
Zhenbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

This paper reinvestigated the climate-crop yield relationship with the statistical model at crops’ growing stage scale. Compared to previous studies, our model introduced monthly climate variables in the production function of crops, which enables separating the yield changes induced by climate change and those caused by inputs variation and technique progress, as well as examining different climate effects during each growing stage of crops. By applying the fixed effect regression model with province-level panel data of crop yields, agricultural inputs, and the monthly climate variables of temperature and precipitation from 1985 to 2015, we found that the effects of temperature generally are negative and those of precipitation generally are positive, but they vary among different growth stages for each crop. Specifically, GDDs (i.e., growing degree days) have negative effects on spring maize’s yield except for the sowing and ripening stages; the effects of precipitation are negative in September for summer maize. Precipitation in December and the next April is significantly harmful to the yield of winter wheat; while, for the spring wheat, GDDs have positive effects during April and May, and precipitation has negative effects during the ripening period. In addition, we computed climate-induced losses based on the climate-crop yield relationship, which demonstrated a strong tendency for increasing yield losses for all crops, with large interannual fluctuations. Comparatively, the long-term climate effects on yields of spring maize, summer maize, and spring wheat are more noticeable than those of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Technological and economic evaluation of manure production using an activator of biological transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S59-S65
Author(s):  
Šařec Petr ◽  
Látal Oldřich ◽  
Novák Petr
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Biological Transformation

The aim of this paper was to verify the effect of the Z'fix (PRP Technologies, France) activator of biological transformation of manure from the viewpoint of the cowshed conditions parameters, produced manure quality, manure application effect on crop yields, and overall economics. Concerning manure production, the application of the Z'fix agent enhanced quality, structure and nutrient content (N total by 23%, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> by 42%, K<sub>2</sub>O by 17%) in the manure from deep litter housing. Compared to the untreated control, differences in the nutrient content of N total and K<sub>2</sub>O were statistically significant, NH<sub>3</sub> emissions dropped significantly by almost 35%. The economic benefit of manure production with the use of the Z'fix agent demonstrated overall savings at the level of 1,369 CZK/LU/year. The influence of manure produced combined with the PRP Sol application was tested in terms of a boost of crop yield potential of silage maize and of winter wheat. Compared to the control, both crops reached yields higher by 0.7% to 9.8%.

scholarly journals Cover Crops for Resilience of a Limited-Irrigation Winter Wheat–Sorghum–Fallow Rotation: Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sorghum Yield Responses

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Vesh R. Thapa ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Mark A. Marsalis
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semi Arid

Cover crops can improve soil health by maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) contents, yet their dynamics in relation to crop yield in a semi-arid cropping system are poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the response of diverse winter cover crop species and their mixture on SOC and N fractions and their relationship with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) yield in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–sorghum–fallow rotation with limited irrigation management. Cover cropping treatments included pea (Pisum sativum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and mixtures of pea+oat (POM), pea+canola (PCM), peat+oat+canola (POCM), and a six-species mixture (SSM) of pea+oat+canola+hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)+forage radish (Raphanussativus L.)+barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as cover crops and a fallow. Soil samples were analyzed for residual inorganic N, potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC) and nitrogen (PMN), SOC, and total N. Response of labile inorganic N, PMC, and PMN varied with cover crop treatments. The SOC and total N contents did not differ among treatments but were 20% and 35% higher in 2020 than in 2019, respectively. Sorghum grain yield was 25% and 40% greater with oats than with PCM and canola cover crops in 2019, while it was 33–97% greater with fallow and oats than other treatments in 2020. Oat as a cover crop could improve the resilience of limited-irrigation cropping systems by increasing SOC, soil N, and crop yield in semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Salt Removal by Combining a Permanent Skip Furrow Irrigation and Salt Removal Sheet

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Onishi ◽  
Gaukhar K. Paluashova ◽  
Yulia I. Shirokova ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Efficient Measure ◽  
Large Crop

Skip furrow irrigation (SFI) can save water by irrigating every alternate furrow. Usually, irrigated furrows are alternated at each irrigation event under SFI. If irrigated furrows are fixed (permanent SFI, PSFI), more water may be saved by reducing the wetting area, and salts may accumulate on the dry side of the ridge. Salt removal sheet, a method of collecting salts on the sheet laid on the soil surface utilizing high evaporation demand in drylands, may be an efficient measure for removal of accumulated salt under PSFI. We evaluated salinity movement and water saving under PSFI through a field experiment in Uzbekistan. In addition, a salt removal sheet was applied to the shoulder of the ridge on the drier side under PSFI to evaluate its potential in removing salt from the soil with the practice. The results showed that salts tend to accumulate on the dry side of the ridge, and the amount of irrigation water was halved without a large crop yield reduction. The PSFI + Sheet was able to catch 6.4% of salts in the top 10 cm soil layer.

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