scholarly journals 741 PB 067 14CO2 MOVEMENT BETWEEN FLORICANES AND PRIMOCANES IN RED RASPBERRY DURING THE FRUITING CYCLE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539c-539
Author(s):  
Stenhen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Paul W. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Physiological Studies

Results from previous cultural and physiological studies of red raspberry suggest that primocanes compete with floricanes for light, nutrients and/or photoassimilates. This study was undertaken to determine whether this competition might be reflected in the actual translocation of photoassimilates between the two types of canes. In 1993, pairs of greenhouse grown, potted red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plants contaming one or two floricanes and numerous primocanes were labeled with 14CO2 on four dates corresponding with early anthesis, green fruit, red fruit and post fruit maturity stages of the growing season. For each experiment, either a floricane or a primocane was exposed to 92.5μCi 14CO2 within a sealed bag. After 24 hours, the bag was removed and the presence of label was monitored for up to 11 days. Activity was determined using liquid scintillation. At all developmental stages 14C moved from the labeled floricane to primocanes that were from 2.5 cm to 1.5 m tall and to the roots. Movement was quickest and relatively greatest at early anthesis, dccreascd during fruiting, and was still occuring at 2 months after fruit maturity. Small amounts of label were detected in roots of labeled primocanes at all stages, but trace amounts were present in fruit and other primocanes only at post fruit maturity.

scholarly journals DIURNAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND STARCH DEPOSITION IN LEAVES OF FRUITING AND DEFLOWERED RED RASPBERRY CANES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 654b-654
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
Paul W. Foote ◽  
J. Scott Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Diurnal Photosynthesis

On four dates during the 1991 growing season, gas exchange rates were measured on the same middle leaflets every 3 h from 7am-10pm from deflowered (DF) and fruiting (F) red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cv. “Meeker”) canes. Concurrently, the adjacent side leaflets were sampled for anatomical starch determination. The dates corresponded to the late anthesis/early green fruit, early red fruit, late red fruit, and post fruit maturity stages of the growing season. For all dates, CO2 assimilation (A) was highest from 7-10am, lowest at 4pm, and increased at 7pm. Overall A peaked during fruit development. Leaves of F canes had greater A than leaves of DF canes during fruit development, but rates were similar after fruit maturity. Starch accumulation in leaf cross-sections generally followed the diurnal pattern observed for A. Starch appeared heaviest from 7am-lpm and often showed an increase from 7-10pm. Leaves from DF canes generally had a greater accumulation of starch. Seasonally, leaf starch from F canes appeared greatest at late anthesis, decreased during fruit development and was very low post fruit maturity. Leaf starch in DF canes appeared greatest at the late anthesis and late red fruit stages. DF leaves had greater dry weight accumulation than F leaves during the red fruit stages. A Western blot showed that Rubisco levels as a percentage of total soluble protein were higher during fruit development and decreased after fruit maturity.

scholarly journals Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

scholarly journals Alternate-year Production Is Not Profitable in Washington Floricane Red Raspberry Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Lisa Wasko DeVetter ◽  
Suzette Galinato ◽  
Troy Kortus ◽  
Jonathan Maberry
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
And Training

Floricane red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) produces biennial canes that are traditionally managed by annual selective removal of previously fruited floricanes and training of primocanes that will bear fruit in the next growing season. This process of pruning and training is labor intensive and costly, and growers would benefit from more economical methods of pruning and training. This 6-year project evaluated the economic viability of alternate-year (AY) production in a commercial floricane red raspberry field in northwest Washington and compared it to traditional, every-year (EY) production to assess whether the former could save costs. Despite savings from reduced chemicals, fertilizers, labor, general farm supplies, and other variable costs, the overall benefits of AY production were not enough to offset losses in revenue resulting from reduced yields under the conditions of this experiment in northwest Washington.

scholarly journals Identification of Two New Genes Conferring Resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in Capsicum baccatum

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mahasuk ◽  
P. W. J. Taylor ◽  
O. Mongkolporn
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Capsicum Baccatum ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Fruit Stage

Resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum capsici and C. acutatum, was investigated in Capsicum baccatum PBC80 and PBC1422 and C. chinense PBC932. Mature green and ripe fruit were inoculated with 13 isolates of the two Colletotrichum species PBC80 contained the broadest spectrum of resistance to both Colletotrichum species because none of the isolates were able to infect the genotype. At both fruit maturity stages, PBC1422 was infected by only Colletotrichum acutatum. PBC932 at ripe fruit stage was infected by both C. capsici and C. acutatum, except for one isolate, 158ci, that did not infect PBC932. PBC932 at the mature green fruit stage was infected by only C. acutatum. An intraspecific cross between PBC80 and PBC1422 was developed to determine inheritance of resistance to C. acutatum. Anthracnose resistance was assessed at mature green and ripe fruit stages using 0 to 9 disease severity scores. Frequency distribution of the disease scores in the F2 and BC1 populations suggested a single recessive gene responsible for the resistance at mature green fruit stage and a single dominant gene for the resistance at ripe fruit stage. Linkage analysis between the two genes identified in both fruit maturity stages showed the genes to be independent. Based on phenotypic data, the two newly identified genes, co4 and Co5, from PBC80 appeared to be different loci from the co1 and co2 previously identified from PBC932 and will be valuable sources of resistance to anthracnose in chili breeding programs.

scholarly journals LEAF EMERGENCE, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS IN FRUITED AND DEFLOWERED STRAWBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 613e-613
Author(s):  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
Paul W. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Four Blocks

After anthesis, date of leaf emergence was recorded in fruited plants (F) and deflowered plants (DF) of `Totem' strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), which were grown in a randomized block design with four blocks in a greenhouse. Two different regression models were fitted to describe leaf emergence rate (LER) after anthesis for F and DF (R2 = 0.826 and 0.916, respectively). The LER of F decreased during the fruit development, and accelerated and exceeded DF after fruit maturity, then both dropped when the growth season was ending. Physiological and photosynthetic characteristics were measured on leaves from F and DF at green fruit, red fruit, and after fruit maturity stages. Newly expanded leaves had significantly higher gas exchange rates, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll a and b contents but lower a/b ratio than the older leaves both during and after fruit development. They also had higher amplitudes of Ca 693 but lower peaks at Ca 684 and Cb 649 in their fourth-derivative chlorophyll spectra. Leaf chlorophyll a content and CO2 assimilation rate decreased after fruit maturity. Plants at red fruit stage had higher chlorophyll b content than at green fruit and after fruit maturity stages. The LERs of the second and third leaves emerged after anthesis were most seriously affected by fruit development. They showed greater photosynthetic activity than other leaves in the canopy during fruit development and were thus important to fruit yield.

scholarly journals Identification of Raspberry Cultivars by Nonradioactive DNA Fingerprinting

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy Parent ◽  
Danièl Pagé
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Band Pattern ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genetic Fingerprinting ◽  
Unique Band

Characterization and identification of 13 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and two purple raspberry (R. × neglectus Peck) cultivars were obtained by nonradioactive genetic fingerprinting. DNA from leaves was digested with Hae III and Hin f I restriction enzymes and probed with alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide. All tested cultivars could be identified by a unique band pattern. No differences were noted within cultivars when the reproducibility of the fingerprints was evaluated by analyzing the effects of age of the raspberry plantation, developmental stage during the growing season, or position of the sampled leaf on stem. These results suggest that simple nonradioactive DNA fingerprinting can be routinely used to identify raspberry cultivars.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Examining the Genomics Controlling Prickle Production in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an expanding high-value berry crop worldwide. The presence of prickles, outgrowths of epidermal tissues lacking vasculature, on the canes, petioles, and undersides of leaves complicates both field management and harvest. The utilization of cultivars with fewer prickles or prickle-free canes simplifies production. A previously generated population segregating for prickles utilizing the s locus between the prickle-free cultivar Joan J (ss) and the prickled cultivar Caroline (Ss) was analyzed to identify the genomic region associated with prickle development in red raspberry. Genotype by sequencing (GBS) was combined with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) to analyze 8474 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify significant markers associated with the prickle-free trait. A total of four SNPs were identified on chromosome 4 that were associated with the phenotype and were located near or in annotated genes. This study demonstrates how association genetics can be used to decipher the genetic control of important horticultural traits in Rubus, and provides valuable information about the genomic region and potential genes underlying the prickle-free trait.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence in bitter gourd (Momordica charntia L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
BC Kundu ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MA Khaleque Mian ◽  
IH Mian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Seed Width

The genetic divergence among 36 genotypes of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) was determined through PCA, PCO, CVA, Cluster analysis (CLSA) and Mohalanobis’s D2 analysis. Through multivariate analysis based on 22 characters 36 genotypes were grouped into six distant clusters. Cluster VI includes maximum genotypes (12) followed by cluster I (6) and cluster II (6). Cluster V, cluster III and cluster I comprised 5, 4 and 3 genotypes respectively. The inter-cluster distances were higher than the intra-cluster distances. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between cluster III and IV (28.71) followed by the distance between cluster I and cluster IV (23.61). The intra-cluster distances in all the 6 clusters were more or less low indicating the closeness of genotypes within the same cluster. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster III (1.84) followed by the cluster I (1.38). The genotypes within the same clusters were collected from different places and genotypes collected in the same place fall in different cluster, which indicated that genetic divergence are not dependent on its geographical position from where the genotypes were collected. The genetic diversity of 36 genotypes was also assessed through PCA. The first three components accounted for 60.04% of the total variation. Days to first male flower opening, number of primary branches per vine, fruit yield per vine, days to green fruit maturity, seed weight per fruit mature seed width had the highest contribution towards the divergence. Cluster diagram exhibited that the genotypes include in the cluster III were far diverse from the genotypes of cluster IV while the genotypes belonging to the cluster II and VI were least diversed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15593 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 125-134, December 2012 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 125-134, December 2012

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