scholarly journals LED Light Pre-Treatment Improves Pre-Basic Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Golden King) Production in the Aeroponic System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Jahirul Islam ◽  
Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Soyel Rana ◽  
Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Basic Seed

Production of plants under artificial light conditions is an innovative and smart concept to grow food year-round in any location. However, pre-basic seed potato production in the greenhouse from LED pre-treated seedlings under an aeroponic system is a new and creative idea. Therefore, the objective of the study was to optimize the effect of LED pre-treatment and determine the best LED spectral composition on growth performance and tuberization of potato plants. Potato variety ‘Golden King’ was treated under 9 LED light spectra for 30 days—L1 (natural light), L2, (R:B), L3 (R:B:G), L4 (R:B:FR), L5 (R:B:G:FR), L6 (R:B:G:FR:UV), L7 (R:B:FR:UV), L8 (R:B:W:FR), and L9 (R:B:W:FR:UV) under 300 µmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), 23/15 °C (day/night) temperature, and 70% relative humidity. The study revealed that growth characteristics and tuber number for plants were increased most by the light spectrum L4 (R:B:FR). Furthermore, photosynthetic pigments increased in L4, L7, and L8, while TSC and sucrose accumulated more in L1 treatment. In contrast, higher seed tuber fresh weight was recorded in L8, L9, L4, and L7. Overall, it can be concluded that potato seedlings pre-treated with the L4 (R:B:FR) LED spectral composition performed best for growth, establishment, and tuberization.

scholarly journals Pulsed LED-Lighting as an Alternative Energy Savings Technique for Vertical Farms and Plant Factories

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Ernesto Olvera-Gonzalez ◽  
Nivia Escalante-Garcia ◽  
Deland Myers ◽  
Peter Ampim ◽  
Eric Obeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Operation Modes

Different strategies are reported in the literature for energy saving in Closed Plant Production Systems (CPPS). However, not reliable evidences about energy consumption with the use of pulsed LED light technique in lighting system available in Plant Factory and Vertical Farm. In this work, three key points to determine the effects of pulsed LED light versus continuous LED light are presented: (1) A mathematical model and its practical application for stabilizing the energy equivalence using LED light in continuous and pulsed mode in different light treatments. (2) The quantum efficiency of the photosystem II was used to determine positive and/or negative effects of the light operating mode (continuous or pulsed) on chili pepper plants (Capsicum annuum var. Serrano). (3) Evaluation of energy consumption with both operation modes using ten recipes from the literature to grow plants applied in Closed Plant Production Systems, different Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density at 50, 110, and 180 µmol m−2 s−1, Frequencies at 100, 500, and 1000 Hz, and Duty Cycles of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90%. The results show no significant statistical differences between the operation modes (continuous and pulsed LED light). For each light recipe analyzed, a pulsed frequency and a duty cycle were obtained, achieving significant energy savings in every light intensity. The results can be useful guide for real-life applications in CPPS.

scholarly journals Different LED Light Wavelengths and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density Effect on Colletotrichum acutatum Growth

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Aušra Brazaitytė ◽  
Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Fungus Growth

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different photon flux density (PFD) and light-emitting diodes (LED) wavelengths on strawberry Colletotrichum acutatum growth characteristics. The C. acutatum growth characteristics under the blue 450 nm (B), green 530 nm (G), red 660 nm (R), far-red 735 nm (FR), and white 5700 K (W) LEDs at PFD 50, 100 and 200 μmol m−2 s−1 were evaluated. The effect on C. acutatum mycelial growth evaluated by daily measuring until five days after inoculation (DAI). The presence of conidia and size (width and length) evaluated after 5 DAI. The results showed that the highest inhibition of fungus growth was achieved after 1 DAI under B and G at 50 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. Additionally, after 1–4 DAI under B at 200 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. The lowest conidia width was under FR at 50 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD and length under FR at 100 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. Various LED light wavelengths influenced differences in C. acutatum colonies color. In conclusion, different photosynthetic photon flux densities and wavelengths influence C. acutatum growth characteristics. The changes in C. acutatum morphological and phenotypical characteristics could be related to its ability to spread and infect plant tissues. This study’s findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum by LEDs in controlled environment conditions.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Response Curves

Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (An) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf An of “Green Tower” lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1,300 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc,max) at low (200 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) and high PPFD (1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QYm,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QYm,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QYm,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QYinc [gross CO2 assimilation (Ag)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. Vc,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 μmol m–2 s–1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. Ag and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QYinc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Spectrum on Gas Exchange, Growth and Biochemical Characteristics of Einkorn Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luce Bartucca ◽  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
Eleonora Ballerini ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Beatrice Falcinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Effect Of Light

The use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights in microscale vegetable production is more and more widespread. In this context, the effect of light spectrum on photosynthesis, growth, shoot yield, pigment content, and nutritional status of einkorn seedlings (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum), germinated and grown in a nutrient solution, was investigated. Plants were subjected to six different LED light treatments, all having a photon flux density (PFD) of 200 μmol m−2 s−1. Two light treatments were monochromatic (red or blue), three dichromatic (blue and red in the proportion), and one of a wider spectrum (selected as a control). All the light treatments affected the morphological, biochemical, and nutritional status of einkorn seedlings. Overall, the dichromatic treatments were the most effective in stimulating biomass production, CO2 assimilation, and evapotranspiration, as well as contents in chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids, and additionally nitrogen, phosphorous, manganese, iron, and zinc. These results are of relevance for the beneficial effects of dichromatic LED treatments in maximizing einkorn shoot yield and nutritional values, and in limiting energy consumption in indoor cultivation.

Technical development of UV-C- and VUV-photochemically induced oxidative degradation processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Braun ◽  
I.G. Pintori ◽  
H.-P. Popp ◽  
Y. Wakahata ◽  
M. Würner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
First Case ◽  
Continuous Regime ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Pre Treatment

Technical development work is presented, where the VUV photochemically induced oxidative degradation is used: (i) for analytic purposes, and (ii) for small to medium scale (<10 m2/d) waste water treatment processes or ultrapure water production. In the first case, small Xe-excimer radiation sources with an integrated reaction space designed for optimal conditions, as far as incident photon flux density, turbulence and concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen are concerned, have been built and tested. Under conditions of exhaustive oxidation and/or mineralization of pollutants in a continuous regime, they may be used for sample pre-treatment modules prior TOC, TOX and electrochemical trace metal analysis. Under conditions of partial oxidation or mineralization, the same lamp/reactor combination may be used for functionalization purposes prior to e.g. GC or HPLC analyses. In the second case, mass transfer limitations between the non-irradiated bulk volume and the irradiated volume are overcome by the electrochemical generation of molecular oxygen within or close to the irradiated volume and by the design of the photochemical part of the reactor.

scholarly journals Effects of White LED Lighting with Specific Shorter Blue and/or Green Wavelength on the Growth and Quality of Two Lettuce Cultivars in a Vertical Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Loan Nguyen ◽  
Kye Man Cho ◽  
Hee Yul Lee ◽  
Du Yong Cho ◽  
Ga Oun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Vertical Farming

White (W) light-emitting diode (LED) light has been used as an efficient light source for commercial plant cultivation in vertical farming. This study aimed to examine the effect of W LED light sources on the growth and quality of butterhead and romaine lettuce. Three W LED light sources including normal W light (NWL) which has 450 nm as its pumping wavelength and two specific W lights (SWL1 and SWL2) with shorter blue peak wavelength (437 nm) were used to grow lettuce in comparison to a red (R) and blue (B) LED combination. As a result, SWL1 and SWL2 treatments with the same electrical power or photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) resulted in more growth of both lettuce cultivars compared to RB treatment. Some phenolic and flavonol contents were increased in the RB treatment, whereas SWL2 treatment stimulated the accumulation of other phenolic and flavonol compounds. Meanwhile, neither NWL nor SWL1 treatments increased the individual phenolic and flavonol contents in either cultivar (except for some flavonols in romaine lettuce in the SWL1 group). In addition, light and energy use efficiencies were also highest in the SWL1 and SWL2 treatments. These results illustrate the positive effects of specific W LED light on lettuce growth and quality, and suggest that the specific W LED light sources, especially SWL2, could be preferably used in vertical farming.

scholarly journals Pre-basic seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production using temporary immersion bioreactors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.de L. Tapia ◽  
C. Arbizu ◽  
F. Beraún ◽  
Lorenzo J. ◽  
M. Escalona
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Basic Seed

scholarly journals Supplemental Far-Red Light Stimulates Lettuce Growth: Disentangling Morphological and Physiological Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Reeve Legendre ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Canopy Size

Light-emitting diodes allow for the application of specific wavelengths of light to induce various morphological and physiological responses. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa), far-red light (700–800 nm) is integral to initiating shade responses which can increase plant growth. In the first of two studies, plants were grown with a similar photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) but different intensities of far-red light. The second study used perpendicular gradients of far-red light and PPFD, allowing for examination of interactive effects. The far-red gradient study revealed that increasing supplemental far-red light increased leaf length and width, which was associated with increased projected canopy size (PCS). The higher PCS was associated with increased cumulative incident light received by plants, which increased dry matter accumulation. In the perpendicular gradient study, far-red light was 57% and 183% more effective at increasing the amount of light received by the plant, as well as 92.5% and 162% more effective at increasing plant biomass at the early and late harvests, respectively, as compared to PPFD. Light use efficiency (LUE, biomass/mol incident light) was generally negatively correlated with specific leaf area (SLA). Far-red light provided by LEDs increases the canopy size to capture more light to drive photosynthesis and shows promise for inclusion in the growth light spectrum for lettuce under sole-source lighting.

scholarly journals The impact of LED lightning on the content of photosynthetic pigments in tomato leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
T. V. Nikanovich ◽  
Yu. V. Trofimov ◽  
M. I. Barkun
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Blue Band ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
The Impact

Relevance and methods. We studied the influence of LED lighting of different spectral composition on the content of photosynthetic pigments in tomato leaves to identify the most optimal lighting option suitable for obtaining high-quality seedlings under controlled conditions. We used LED lamps in which the ratio of the photon flux density (PFD) of the orange-red band (607–694 nm) to the PFD of the blue band (400–495 nm) varied from 1 to 20. In this case, the proportion of the PFD in the range 580-607 nm ( yellow) ranged from 13 to 22%, and the fraction of photons in the range 495–580 nm (green) ranged from 18 to 38%. The research was carried out with two varieties of Belarusian tomato varieties, which differed in a number of morphobiological characteristics.Results. It was found that the use of LED lighting of different spectral composition had mainly an inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaf tissue of plants. The decrease in the amount of pigments, in comparison with the control variant, reached 47-57%. It was revealed that under all studied lighting options, with the exception of conditions where the spectral ratio R / B ("red/blue") was 0.8, the value of the total inhibitory effect in the Cherry Coral variety was 1.2-1.7 times lower than that of the Zorka variety, which indicated a significantly lower susceptibility of the pigment fund of the former to LED lighting. The smallest inhibitory effect of the latter on the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments in both tomato varieties was established at a photon flux of 69.1 μmol/s, while the greatest, exceeding it by 3.0-3.1 times in the Zorka variety and 4.5-5.3 times for the Cherry Coral variety with a photon flux of 73.9 μmol/s.

scholarly journals LED Lighting Strategies Affect Physiology and Resilience to Pathogens and Pests in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anja Dieleman ◽  
H. Marjolein Kruidhof ◽  
Kees Weerheim ◽  
Kirsten Leiss
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture

Over the last decade, LED lighting has gained considerable interest as an energy-efficient supplemental light source in greenhouse horticulture that can change rapidly in intensity and spectral composition. Spectral composition not only affects crop physiology but may also affect the biology of pathogens, pests, and their natural enemies, both directly and indirectly through an impact on induced plant resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of light spectrum against a background of sunlight on growth and development of Solanum melongena. These effects were related to the spectral effects on the establishment of populations of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and plant resilience against the biotrophic fungus powdery mildew, the necrotrophic fungus botrytis, and the herbivorous arthropod Western flower thrips. The effects of a reduced red/far-red (R:FR) ratio were studied under two ratios of red to blue light. Far-red light either was supplied additionally to the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) or partially replaced PPFD, while maintaining total photon flux density (PFD). Effects of white light or additional UV-B light on plant resilience was tested, compared to the reference (5% blue, 5% green, and 90% red light). Plant biomass in the vegetative phase increased when additional far-red light was supplied. Stem length increased with far-red, irrespective of PPFD and the percentage of blue light. In the generative phase, total shoot biomass and fruit fresh weights were higher under additional far-red light, followed by the treatments where far-red partly replaced PPFD. Far-red light increased biomass partitioning into the fruits, at the expense of the leaves. There were no differences in population growth of A. swirskii mites between light treatments, nor did light treatment have an effect on the vertical distribution of these predatory mites in the plants. The treatments with additional far-red light reduced the infection rate of powdery mildew, but increased botrytis infection. These differences might be due to the plant defenses acting against these pathogens evolving from two different regulatory pathways. These results show that positive effects of altered spectral compositions on physiological responses were only moderately compensated by increased susceptibility to fungal pathogens, which offers perspective for a sustainable greenhouse horticulture.

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