scholarly journals Different Temperature Regimes Influenced the Quality of Broccoli Seedlings, Which Caused a Change in the Chemical Composition of Mature Heads

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1806
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Joanna Gil ◽  
Edward Kunicki ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Andrzej Sałata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment

Exposure of vegetable seedlings to lowered temperature affects their growth and the content of certain chemical constituents. Chilling activates defensive mechanisms against stress and leads to acclimatization which increases plant ability to withstand harsh field conditions. Thus, seedlings subjected to low-temperature treatment had altered metabolic pathways, and these changes can persist until harvest. We therefore assessed: (i) the direct response of broccoli seedlings to 1 week or 2 weeks at lowered temperatures (6 °C, 10 °C, 14 °C, and 18 °C—control); and (ii) the long-term effects of the latter treatments on phytochemical components level in mature heads of broccoli cultivated in the field. Chilling stress decreased seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf perimeter, and leaf width. The most spectacular reductions in these parameters were observed at 6 °C and 10 °C. Longer exposure to lowered temperature resulted in greater reduction in the values of morphological traits. Chilling led to reduction in L-ascorbic acid content in broccoli seedlings, while a 6 °C temperature caused an increase in soluble sugars. The highest content of dry weight, soluble sugars, and L-ascorbic acid were observed in the heads of plants exposed to 14 °C; however, the content of dry weight (at 10 °C) and L-ascorbic acid (at 6 °C and 10 °C) also increased in broccoli heads in comparison with the control. Longer chilling (for 2 weeks) generally increased the content of these constituents in mature broccoli. Lower temperature (6–14 °C) applied at seedling stage increased P and Zn contents in broccoli heads in comparison to the control, whereas plants treated with 10 °C had more K, Fe, and, together with 6 °C treatment, Cu. The lowest temperature applied to the seedlings (6 °C) caused an increase in Mn content, while no effects of seedling chilling was noted for Ca levels. Significant linear correlations were noted and regression models were developed for the content of dry weight, soluble sugars, and L-ascorbic acid in the broccoli heads based on the chosen seedling parameters. The results show that the effect of lowered temperature to which the seedlings were subjected persists also in the further stages of plant ontogenesis, causing permanent changes in the chemical composition of mature broccoli heads.

scholarly journals The Effect of Application of Ethephon to Processing Tomato Plants on the Chemical Composition of Fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-490
Author(s):  
Maria GAWEDA ◽  
Elzbieta JEDRSZCZYK ◽  
Barbara SKOWERA ◽  
Renata JEDRZEJCZAK ◽  
Krystyna SZYMCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Meteorological Elements

Ethephon is used to accelerate fruit ripening on plantations with well-developed plants which have formed a large quantity of fruits. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethephon on the chemical composition of the fruits of seven cultivars of processing tomato (‘Rumba’, ‘Hubal’, ‘Sokal’ F1, ‘Mieszko’ F1, ‘Polset’ F1, ‘Hysioux’ F1 and ‘AF1120’ F1), applied to the plants when most of the fruits had reached the mature-green stage. The study was conducted during three consecutiveyears, characterized by different weather conditions. Meteorological elements, i.e. air temperature and precipitation totals, were monitored in the experimental station in Mydlniki, near Krakow, Poland. Ethephon was found to have a beneficial effect on the content of extract and soluble sugars of the harvested tomatoes and on their acidity. Dry matter and lycopene levels were not dependent on the use of this compound, while the ascorbic acid content was reduced by the procedure. The chemicalcomposition of the tomato fruits differed significantly in consecutive years of the study, which confirmed the weather impact on fruit quality and on the varied responses of different cultivars to use of ethephon. The tested cultivars were also compared in terms of their suitability for processing. The ‘Hubal’ cultivar had the highest content of dry matter, extract, soluble sugars of all the cultivars tested. The highest level of lycopene was noted for the tomatoes of the ‘Rumba’ and ‘Sokal’ F1 cultivar, ascorbic acid of the ‘Rumba’ and the highest acidity for ‘AF 1120’ F1.

scholarly journals Effect of biodegradable nonwoven covers on yield and chemical composition of overwintering onion

Italus Hortus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Andrzej Jurkow ◽  
Aneta Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Onion Bulbs

Floating row covers are important pre-harvest factors for maximizing the yield of vegetable crops grown under open-field conditions. It is necessary to replace oil-based nonwoven covers with biodegradable ones that are environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biodegradable nonwoven covers, made of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, with or without fatty acid dimers (SB20/13, SB21/13, and SB28/13), on yield and chemical composition of ‘Glacier’ and ‘Swift’ winter onions. In the first experiment, we observed a higher total marketable yield and higher harvest index for onions covered with SB21/13 (by 24% and 3%, respectively) when compared to the control (polypropylene nonwoven). The SB20/13 cover significantly decreased mean bulb weight by 15.3% than in control. Bulbs harvested from the plots covered with SB21/13 had lower dry weight by 3.2-3.7% and those covered with SB28/13 showed the lowest L-ascorbic acid content when compared to all other treatments (by 6.3-10.3%). The lowest total sugar content was found in control onion bulbs, but it was significantly different only from bulbs covered by SB20/13, which had more sugar by 10.6%. In the second experiment, plants covered with the SB28/13 had a 1 st grade yield of onions higher by 47% than that of the control. The highest mean bulb weight was obtained from plants covered with the SB21/13 nonwoven. Covering with nonwovens caused a decrease in dry weight (SB20/13 and SB21/13, by 1.3-1.7%, respectively) and L-ascorbic acid (all nonwovens, by 15.6% for SB21/13 up to 22% for SB20/13) in onion bulbs in comparison to the control. Since the tested biodegradable nonwovens covers did not cause any decrease in the yield of winter onions compared to polypropylene nonwovens, the former appear to be a suitable environmental-friendly solution for the open-field cultivation of this important vegetable crop.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Transplant Age in Combination with Dark-chilling to Enhance the Biological Quality of Broccoli Cultivated in Summer

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
Aneta GRABOWSKA ◽  
Agnieszka SEKARA ◽  
Andrzej KALISZ ◽  
Edward KUNICKI ◽  
Renata WOJCIECHOWSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Related Compounds

Under field conditions, crops are exposed simultaneously to more than one environmental stress factor. Controlled abiotic stress applied at the transplant stage can be used as a tool for inducing stress memory, improving stress tolerance after transplanting, and enhancing the nutraceutical value of the yield. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of dark-chilling at 2 °C for 1 and 2 weeks on the tolerance of broccoli seedlings of various ages against adverse conditions in the field and the chemical composition of the inflorescences. Two separate planting programmes were undertaken in the summer. In general, planting delay by about 1 month resulted in an increase in dry weight of about 3%, ascorbic acid (38%), soluble sugars (18%), K (14%), P (13%), Zn (12%), Fe (8%), and Mn (9%) in broccoli inflorescences. Planting of young, 4-week-old seedlings resulted in higher ascorbic acid content in broccoli inflorescences of about 15%, soluble sugars (7%), K (5%), P (6%), Mg (4%), Na (11%), and Zn (3%) in broccoli inflorescences as compared to 10-week-old ones. Chilling of seedlings for two weeks caused an increase in dry weight in broccoli inflorescences of about 6%, ascorbic acid (15%), soluble sugars (12%), K (2%), P (2%), Mg (5%), Zn (3%), Fe (4%), and Mn (6%) as compared to the non-chilled control. The results indicated that the age of the seedlings and dark-chilling influenced the level of chemicals related to taste and biological value of broccoli inflorescences in a complex way. There was no general superiority or interaction of any of the experimental factors affecting all health-related compounds. Dark-chilling can be considered as a practice of broccoli seedling management before transplanting, positively affecting some yield parameters through stress memory induction.

scholarly journals Productive and qualitative performance of tomato plants as a function of the application of plant growth regulators and mineral nutrients

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-424
Author(s):  
Marília Caixeta Sousa ◽  
Luan Fernando Ormond Sobreira Rodrigues ◽  
Mônica Bartira da Silva ◽  
Janaina Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Marla Silvia Diamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

The tomato fruit is rich in antioxidant compounds and has great nutritional and economic importance, annually promoting research on the nutritional and productive characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate whether foliar application of commercial products based on growth regulators [auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin (Ax+CK+GA)], micronutrients [cobalt and molybdenum (Mi)] and mixtures of macro and micronutrients [nitrogen, boron, copper, molybdenum and zinc (Ma+Mi)], isolated and in combination, increase productivity and improve the post-harvest quality of tomato fruits (Predador F1). The experiment design used randomized blocks, with seven treatments and four repetitions, which were (T1) control; (T2) Ax+CK+GA; (T3) Ma+Mi; (T4) Mi; (T5) Ax+CK+GA + (Ma+Mi); (T6) Ax+CK+GA + Mi; and (T7) Ax+CK+GA + Mi + (Ma+Mi). The variables production, precocity, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), pH, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid and weight loss were evaluated. The Ax+CK+GA application, isolated or in combination with Ma+Mi, promoted the precocity, and the use of isolated Ax+CK+GA and Mi improved the tomato plant productivity. The growth regulators, macro and micronutrients, isolated or in combination, increased the ascorbic acid content in the fruits.

Effect of temperature on the growth of wheat. III. Chemical constituents of Marquillo, Kenya Farmer, and two dwarf progeny grown at three temperatures

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Te Yao ◽  
David T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Marked Accumulation

Marquillo × Kenya Farmer wheat dwarfs 1 and 2 were grown at 16 °C (inhibited "grass-clump" habit), at 21 °C and at 26° (normal habit). The parent varieties were grown under the same conditions for comparison.Analysis of the dwarf strains grown at 16 °C revealed that there was no deficiency of soluble carbohydrate, amino acids, organic acids or chlorophyll when compared to the parent varieties or to the dwarf strains grown at 26 °C. Rather there was marked accumulation of most of these substances in the non-growing plants at 16 °C. The results are consistent with the view that the suspension of growth in the dwarf plants is not due to the lack of ability to synthesize organic metabolites but rather that an inhibitor is accumulated during the low temperature treatment that blocks growth by some other mechanism.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Physical Characteristics of Fruits of Two Cultivars of Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) in Relation to their Degree of Maturity and Harvest Date

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Dariusz OCHMIAN ◽  
Katarzyna SKUPIEN ◽  
Jozef GRAJKOWSKI ◽  
Milosz SMOLIK ◽  
Krystyna OSTROWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Blue Honeysuckle

The aim of study was to compare yield, fruit quality, chemical composition and fruits colour of berries of two blue honeysuckle(Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivars of Polish bred ‘Wojtek’ and ‘Brązowa’ collected at the beginning and at the end of harvest season,respectively. On average, ‘Wojtek’ yielded 1565 g per bush, whereas ‘Brązowa’ 1941 g. During the fruit ripening process, considerablechanges were found in the fruit colour. Fruits of both cultivars became darker and their colour changed from green and yellow to redand blue. With the changes in fruit colour, considerable changes in firmness also occurred. Fruit ripening reduced fruit firmness andpuncture resistance. For both genotypes, the berries of late harvest were bigger and richer in soluble solids and total polyphenol, however,they showed decreased firmness, lower acidity, and L-ascorbic acid content. Nevertheless the time of harvest, ‘Wojtek’ berries surpassed‘Brązowa’ fruit regarding soluble solids, titratable acidity and L-ascorbic acid content (for late-crop berries of both cultivars 14.1>12.6%,3.4>2.7 g citric acid 100 g1, and 76>56 mg 100 mL-1. Further, ‘Wojtek’ berries showed higher total polyphenol content (149.30 and183.66 mg∙100 g-1, for early and late ripening fruit, respectively) compared to that of ‘Brązowa’ (125.51 and 175.67 mg 100 g-1). Amongphenolics, anthocyanins made the substantial group ranging from 94.47 mg 100 g-1 (‘Brązowa’ berries of early harvest) to 141.96 mg 100g-1 (late ‘Wojtek’ fruit).

scholarly journals Composition of Four Potato Cultivars in Relation to Cold Storage and Reconditioning

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Okeyo ◽  
Mosbah M. Kushad
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Sugar Content

`Atlantic', `BelRus', `Kennebec', and `Superior' potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) were evaluated for ascorbic acid, soluble protein, and sugar content (reducing and nonreducing) at harvest, after 6 weeks of storage at 3C, and after 2 weeks of reconditioning at 25C. At harvest, ascorbic acid and soluble protein contents varied among the cultivars, with `Superior' containing the highest ascorbic acid (154 mg/100 g dry weight) and soluble protein content (46.4 mg·g−1 dry weight). Cold storage resulted in a drastic reduction (±50%) in ascorbic acid content in all four cultivars. Ascorbic acid also decreased during reconditioning of tubers, but the reduction was less than during cold storage. In contrast, soluble protein contents were not influenced significantly by cold storage or reconditioning, except for `BelRus' and `Kennebec', which had less protein after reconditioning. At harvest, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents were at similar levels in all cultivars, except for fructose in `Kennebec', which was more than 2-fold higher. `Kennebec' also had a significantly lower specific gravity than the other cultivars. However, unlike the other cultivars, reconditioning of `Kennebec' tubers did not affect its specific gravity or total sugar content. Data suggest that `Kennebec's' poor processing quality may have resulted from a combination of low specific gravity and high total sugar content.

Changes in the Properties of Light-Irradiated Wood with Heat Treatment. Part 1. Effect of Treatment Conditions on the Change in Color

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mitsui ◽  
H. Takada ◽  
M. Sugiyama ◽  
R. Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Summary The effect of heat treatment on changing the color of light-irradiated wood was investigated. The change in the lightness, ∆L*, of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment was much greater than that of unirradiated wood. The chroma coordinates, ∆a*, of irradiated wood increased with treatment temperature and time. ∆b* decreased after showing a sharp increase with a short period of heat treatment. It is thought that the changes are related to a change in the chemical composition which was accelerated by heat. With low temperature treatment, the color of irradiated wood changed remarkably with high relative humidity. Little change in color was observed with low relative humidity. Therefore, heat and the presence of water accelerated the change in the color of irradiated wood. This treatment is available as a new coloring method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document