scholarly journals Cold Stress during Flowering Alters Plant Structure, Yield and Seed Quality of Different Soybean Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Mariola Staniak ◽  
Katarzyna Czopek ◽  
Anna Stępień-Warda ◽  
Anna Kocira ◽  
Marcin Przybyś
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of cold stress at flowering stage on plant structure, yield and chemical composition of seeds of 15 soybean cultivars. The study was conducted in 2019–2020, using the complete randomization method, in three replications. Fifteen soybean cultivars belonging to three maturity groups: early (EC), middle-early (MC) and late (LC) cultivars were included. Weekly cold stress (17/13 °C day/night) was applied at plant flowering stage. In the control treatment, plants were kept under natural conditions (24/17 °C day/night). Our research showed that cold stress negatively influenced the elements of plant structure: height, number of nodes, stem dry mass, number and weight of pods, number and weight of seeds per plant, as well as yield of soybean seeds, reducing it on average by 24%, as compared to the control treatment. The highest yield decrease was found in LC cultivars (31.2%), while a smaller and similar one in EC and MC cultivars (by 19.7 and 20.1%, respectively). Significant varietal differences were found for plant biometric traits and seed yield. EC cultivars had the lowest set first pod, as well as the lowest number of nodes, number of pods and seeds, pod and seed weight per plant, and seed yield. MC cultivars had the highest set first pod, and the smallest stem DM and seed yield average by 29.2% higher compared to EC cultivars. LC cultivars had the highest stem DM, number of pods and seeds, and pod and seed weight per plant compared to the other cultivar groups, and yield by 22.8% higher compared to EC cultivars. The experimental factors significantly affected crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash content, while they did not differentiate water-soluble carbohydrate and crude fiber content. Cold stress at the flowering stage caused a significant increase in protein content (by 4.1% on average) and ash content (by 3.8%) and a decrease in fat concentration (by 6.9%) in soybean seeds. Differences in nutrient content among cultivars were a genetic trait not related to cultivar maturity.

Effect of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer at pre flowering stage on yield of pulses

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Das ◽  
K. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Field experiments were conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal during <italic>pre kharif, kharif and rabi</italic> seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of water soluble fertilizer spray on growth and yield of greengram, blackgram, lathyrus, lentil and chickpea. Pulses are mostly grown by the farmers without any fertilizer application, as positive effect of supplying legume plants with supplementary nitrogen was found to have beneficial effect on enhancing growth and increasing seed yield. Five sets of experiments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications <italic>viz.</italic> two levels of basal fertilizer application (F<sub>0</sub> -No basal dose of fertilizer, F<sub>1</sub> -Basal dose of fertilizer application @ 20, 40, 40 kg N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O ha<sup>−1</sup>.) as factor A in main plot and seven levels of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizers at pre flowering stage (no spray, 0.5% NPK(19-19-19), 1% NPK(19-19-19), 2% NPK(19-19-19), 3% NPK(19-19-19), 2% DAP, 2% Urea) as factor B in sub plot. Significantly higher seed yield of pulses were recorded with application of 2% urea spray over basal dose of fertilizer application The lowest seed yield was recorded with no basal fertilizer and spray. Without basal dose of fertilizer application, 3% NPK (19-19-19) spray recorded highest seed yield. Under basal dose of fertilizer application, the results showed a gradual increase in yield with the increase in concentration of NPK (19-19-19) fertilizer spray up to 2%, Among the fertilizer spray treatments irrespective of basal dose of fertilizer application, urea spray was significantly better than all other treatments.

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity test in the evaluation of the physiological potential of treated and stored soybean seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3135-3148
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Silva Couto ◽  
◽  
Cristian Rafael Brzezinski ◽  
Julia Abati ◽  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Soybean seed treatment contributes to the maintenance of seed quality, but the effect of commercial formulations and chemical products on the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity test based on electrolyte leaching has been frequently questioned. This study aimed to verify the interference of the chemical seed treatment of two soybean cultivars on the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity test in evaluating the vigor of freshly treated and stored seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of seven seed treatments and two evaluation periods (0 and 60 days after storage), with four replications. The used seed treatments consisted of 1) fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl, 2) imidacloprid + thiodicarb + carbendazim + thiram, 3) abamectin + thiamethoxan + fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole, 4) carbendazim + thiram, 5) fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole, 6) carboxin + thiram, and 7) control (no treatment). The cultivars were BRS 360 RR and BRS 284, which were analyzed separately. Germination, accelerated aging, emergence, and electrical conductivity tests were carried out. No differences were detected between the control and chemical treatments performed on seeds of the two freshly treated soybean cultivars regarding germination, accelerated aging, and emergence tests. The germination test stood out after storage with the cultivar BRS 360 RR, showing the maintenance of germination potential for seeds treated with carbendazim + thiram and the control treatment. Therefore, the chemical treatment of soybean seeds interferes with the result of the electrical conductivity test. The electrical conductivity test is effective in segregating seed lots in terms of vigor level. The electrical conductivity test correlates with the other vigor tests used to identify the reduction in the physiological seed quality with storage.

scholarly journals Role of beneficial microbes with nitrogen and phosphorous levels on canola productivity

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazratullah ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
M. Alam ◽  
I. Ahmad ◽  
A. Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various nitrogen and phosphorus levels along with beneficial microbes to enhance canola productivity. The research was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block factorial design. The study was comprised of three factors including nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), phosphorous (70, 100 and 130 kg ha-1) and beneficial microbes (with and without BM). A control treatment with no N, P and BM was also kept for comparison. Application of beneficial microbes significantly increased pods plant, seed pod, seed filling duration, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield as compared to control plots. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 increased pods plant-1, seed pod, seed filling duration, seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Maximum pods plant-1, seed pod, early seed filling, heavier seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were observed in plots treated with 130 kg.ha-1 phosphorous. As comparison, the combine treated plots have more pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed filling duration, heaviest seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index as compared to control plots. It is concluded that application of beneficial microbes with N and P at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 and 130 kg ha-1, respectively, increased yield and its attributes for canola.

scholarly journals Effect of soybean cultivars sowing dates on seed yield and its correlation with yield parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Borowska ◽  
Janusz Prusiński
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Sowing Dates

The article presents the effect of three sowing dates on the growth, development and yielding of four soybean cultivars of different earliness and under different temperature and precipitation conditions across the years. The seed yield from early sowing significantly correlated with the total precipitation in June and July, and at later dates, also with the total precipitation in August. The significantly highest soybean yields were collected from the sowing at a turn of April and May, and the highest seed and protein yield, as well as protein content in seed, were recorded for the mid-early Merlin cultivar. Neither the number and the seed weight per pod nor the 1 000-seed weight significantly depended on the sowing date. Over years, a significant, almost linear decrease in the plant height and the first pod setting height, the weight of nodules, the protein yield and the LAI (leaf area index) value was observed. High significant correlations were found between the seed yield and the plant height and the first pod setting height, as well as between the seed number and the seed weight per pod and the 1 000-seed weight as well as between the plant height and the first pod setting height.  

scholarly journals Physiological and enzymatic changes in soybean seeds submitted to harvest delay1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Joacir Mario Zuffo Júnior ◽  
Everson Reis Carvalho ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Enzymatic Changes ◽  
Harvest Delay

ABSTRACT Harvest delay may affect the physiological quality of soybean seeds due to the occurrence of unfavorable environmental conditions in the field. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and enzymatic changes in soybean seeds submitted to harvest delay. A randomized block design, with eight seed harvest periods (0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; and 35 days after the R8 phenological stage - full maturity) of the BRS 820 RR® cultivar, with four replicates, was used. At each harvest period, the moisture content, 1,000-seed weight, germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, accelerated aging, vigor and viability (tetrazolium test), electrical conductivity, enzymatic expression and seed yield were measured. Harvest delay up to 35 days after the R8 phenological stage do not affect the 1,000-seed weight and seed yield. The delayed harvest from the R8 stage results in increased damage by stink bugs and moisture. The harvest delay of seeds from the 10th day after the R8 stage impairs the seed vigor and, from the 15th day, seed germination. Seeds harvested with a delay after the R8 stage have lower expressions of the following isoenzymatic systems: malate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase, isocitrate lyase and superoxide dismutase, especially after 15 days of harvest delay.

EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION ON SUNFLOWERS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Sunflowers were defoliated artificially to various degrees at three stages of growth to simulate the effects of rust and other foliage diseases. Complete defoliation at the flowering stage was most injurious. It reduced seed yield by 88 to 93 per cent in all five years of the experiment. It also reduced plant height at maturity in one of two years in which heights were recorded, and it reduced weight of 200 seeds, and oil content and protein content of the seed. Removal of 50 per cent of each leaf at flowering reduced seed yield by 22 to 30 per cent, and reduced plant height, but did not cause other statistically significant reductions. Removal of all leaves on the upper half of the stem reduced yield and 200-seed weight significantly.Complete defoliation of seedlings reduced seed yields significantly in two years and reduced plant height in one year. Complete defoliation of maturing plants reduced seed yield significantly in one year. Partial defoliation (50 per cent and 25 per cent) of seedlings and maturing plants produced no significant effects.The results of artificial defoliation should be useful in evaluating damage caused by insects and by hail as well as the effects of foliage diseases.

Effect of De-Branching on the Yield and Yield Components of Mustard (Brassica juncea)

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Y. S. Chauhan ◽  
S. C. Bhargava ◽  
D. P. S. Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYBranches are an important yield attribute of the mustard (Brassica junceo)crop. However, not all the branches are equally productive and some of those arising from the basal portion of the plant may form parasitic sinks for assimilates. The effect of de-branching at the 50% flowering stage in the apical (AHD) and the basal halves (BHD) of two mustard genotypes, Pusa Bold and Varuna, was examined. The BHD treatment increased the seed yield per plant of Pusa Bold by 36% and of Varuna by 75% over the control. The increase in yield due to the BHD treatment was mainly due to an improvement in the total number of pods per plant in both genotypes. In Pusa Bold, an improvement in both 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per pod, mainly on late formed branches, was also observed. The AHD treatment reduced seed yield but not significantly so. The results suggest that improvement in the yield of mustard cultivars by suppressing branching on the basal portion of plants should be possible.

scholarly journals Sowing periods, agronomic performance and seed quality of soybean cultivars in the Planosol soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
Geison Rodrigo Aisenberg ◽  
Felipe Koch ◽  
Gustavo Zimmer ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Demari ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Soybean Plants

Understanding of sowing in an ideal season for each region and cultivar is essential for the crop to reach each of its stages in more favorable climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sowing times on agronomic attributes of two soybean cultivars and the physiological quality of soybean seeds in soil type Eutrophic Haplic Planosol. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, with four sowing times and two soybean cultivars, with eight replications. The sowing was executed at the beginning and end of November (1st and 2nd epochs) and beginning and end of January (3rd and 4th epochs), using the cultivars: Fundacep 64 RR and BMX Potência RR. The experiment was carried out in polyethylene vessels with volumetric capacity of 10 liters. The morphological attributes of the plants were evaluated, such as: height, stem diameter, number of pods and seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight, as well as seed germination and vigor. Seeding after January 1st negatively affected the agronomic behavior of soybean plants, with reduction of plant height, stem diameter, number of pods and seeds per plant. The sowing on November 1st favored the obtaining of seeds with lower physical quality in terms of 1000 seed weight; however, seeds with superior physiological performance. Late sowing showed an alternative for the production of soybean seeds in the South region of Rio Grande do Sul, mainly due to the higher quality of the seeds produced in this period.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

Standardization and bacteria inhibitory test of purified extract of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq) seeds and leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2132-2138
Author(s):  
Virsa Handayani ◽  
Rezki Amriati Syarif ◽  
Ahmad Najib ◽  
Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Specific Parameter ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq) is one of the plants that is often used by the community as traditional medicine. One of them is antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and eczema. This study aims to obtain standardized extracts from mahogany seeds and leaves. Standardization of purified extract of mahogany has been carried out according to the monographs of extract standardization guidelines, which include testing of specific and non-specific parameters. The results of the specific parameter testing showed that the purified extract of mahogany seeds is a thick extract, brown to reddish, smells distinctive and has a bitter taste. While the purified extract of mahogany leaves is a thick extract, greenish-brown in color, distinctive smell and has a bitter taste. The chemical content of purified extract of mahogany seeds and leaves showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins. Water-soluble essence levels in mahogany seeds and leaves was 14.84% and 10.28%. While the ethanol-soluble essence levels in mahogany seeds and leaves were 15.38% and 12.43%. Testing of non-specific parameters on mahogany seeds and leaves showed the results of drying shrinkage levels of 0.22% and 8.84%, moisture content of 2.60% and 4.04%, total ash content of 1.71% and 1.93%, levels acidic insoluble ash 0.38% and 0.32%, Total Plate Number (ALT) of mahogany seed bacteria 1x102 colonies/g, Number of mahogany mold seeds 4x10 colonies/g, heavy metal lead contamination and cadmium in mahogany seeds 0.0607µg/g and<0.003µg/g. The inhibitory diameter of each concentration of seeds against Escherichia coli, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, is 12,67; 13,67; 17,67; and 19,67 mm, respectively. The inhibitory diameter of each concentration of leaves against Escherichia coli, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, is 10,27; 10,90; 13,46; and 15,68 mm, respectively.

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