Monitoring Olive Oil Mill Wastewater Disposal Sites Using Sentinel-2 and PlanetScopeSatellite Images: Case Studies in Tunisia and Greece

Mediterranean countries are known worldwide for their significant contribution to olive oil production, which generates large amounts of olive mill wastewater (OMW) that degrades land and water environments near the disposal sites. OMW consists of organic substances with high concentrations of phenolic compounds along with inorganic particles. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of satellite image analysis techniques using multispectral satellite data with high (PlanetScope, 3 × 3 m) and medium (Sentinel-2, 10 × 10 m) spatial resolution to detect Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) disposal sites, both in the SidiBouzid region (Tunisia) and in the broader Rethymno region on the island of Crete, (Greece). Documentation of the sites was carried out by collecting spectral signatures of OMW at temporal periods. The study integrates the application of a variety of spectral vegetation indices (VIs), such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), in order to evaluate their efficiency in detecting OMW disposal areas. Furthermore, a set of image-processing methods was applied on satellite images to improve the monitoring of OMW ponds including the false-color composites (FCC), the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and image fusion. Finally, different classification algorithms, such as the ISODATA, the maximum likelihood (ML), and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied to both satellite images in order to assist in the overall approach to effectively detect the sites. The results obtained from different approaches were compared, evaluating the efficiency of Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope images to detect and monitor OMW disposal areas under different morphological environments.

Download Full-text

WEEE data management in Germany and Serbia

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002657 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 751-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Ferric Oxide ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Municipal Sewage ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

The University ◽

Olive Mill

<p>In Jordan and as in many other Mediterranean countries olive oil production is one of the major agricultural production, it is estimated that the annual production of olive oil in Jordan approximately 21.5 thousand tons per year. O the other hand the process of olive oil extraction generates around 200,000 m3 of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and it is considered as a a serious problem in. In this study the real sample of wastewater is collected from the outlet at the mill near by the university campus. The analysis of this collected wastewater has shown a very high Chemical Oxygen Demand COD (253.648 kg/l) and Bilogical Oxygen Demand, BOD (89.365kg/l). These high BOD and COD reveals a real need to treat it before sent to municipal sewage. The study also focuses on reducing an organ phenol component which has been measured and found equal to 0.5698mg/l. The use of Ferric Oxide in the form of nanoparticles was successfully used to oxide organic phenols from olive mill wastewater (OMW) and has reduced to 0.002 mg/l. The results show that 0.1g of Ferric Oxide in the form of nanoparticles when mixed with sand has the capacity to remove the phenols from the collected samples. The removal percentage obtained here reached 97%. When the mixture of ferric nanoparticles used with sand in a ratio of 0.1 g Fe2O3and 1 kg of sand, the removal capacity of organic phenols has reached to 99%, and COD () in percentage of 97.2%. The results show an interesting behavior towards other minerals that exists in solution, that ferric nanoparticles have a good capacity to remove Cr+3Cu+3 K+Ca+2Na+.minerals exist in wastewater.</p>

Download Full-text

Olive Mill Wastewater as Renewable Raw Materials to Generate High Added-Value Ingredients for Agro-Food Industries

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7511

Author(s):

Paola Foti ◽

Flora V. Romeo ◽

Nunziatina Russo ◽

Alessandra Pino ◽

Amanda Vaccalluzzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Added Value ◽

Future Research ◽

Food Industries ◽

Functional Additives ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

By Products ◽

Olive Mill

Olive oil production represents an agro-industrial activity of vital economic importance for many Mediterranean countries. However, it is associated with the generation of a huge amount of by-products, both in solid and liquid forms, mainly constituted by olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, wood, leaves, and stones. Although for many years olive by-products have only been considered as a relevant environmental issue, in the last decades, numerous studies have deeply described their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic activities. Therefore, the increasing interest in natural bioactive compounds represents a new challenge for olive mills. Studies have focused on optimizing methods to extract phenols from olive oil by-products for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications and attempts have been made to describe microorganisms and metabolic activity involved in the treatment of such complex and variable by-products. However, few studies have investigated olive oil by-products in order to produce added-value ingredients and/or preservatives for food industries. This review provides an overview of the prospective of liquid olive oil by-products as a source of high nutritional value compounds to produce new functional additives or ingredients and to explore potential and future research opportunities.

Download Full-text

Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) Treatment by Using Ferric Oxide Dephenolization and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002650 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 558-563

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Ferric Oxide ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Municipal Sewage ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Olive Mill

Download Full-text

Advanced oxidation technologies for the treatment and detoxification of olive mill wastewater: a general review

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2019.033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 463-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Reda Elkacmi ◽

Mounir Bennajah

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽

Advanced Oxidation ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Quality Of Waters ◽

Oil Sector ◽

High Treatment ◽

Olive Mill

Abstract Olive oil production has an economic importance for Mediterranean countries, ensuring employment opportunities and export earnings. The crushing units produce two types of residues, one solid (pomace) and the other liquid, called olive mill wastewater (OMW). This by-product has adverse effects on the olive oil sector and particularly on the quality of waters into which they are discharged. Hence, there is a critical need to orient the scientific research toward the treatment of this hazardous waste. Several techniques have been proposed and developed for OMW management. However, the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) remain the most advantageous with high treatment efficiencies. This trend allowed achieving a significant detoxification of OMW. A considerable amount of effort has been expanded to provide detailed and critical reviews on the use of this alternative technology in the treatment of water and wastewaters. Regrettably most, if not all, of these review papers were not focused mainly on OMW application. This paper aims to highlight the ancient and recent progress of various types of oxidation techniques for OMW treatment. Moreover, principles, advantages, limitations, and efficiencies of each method are presented, to gain a more scientific understanding of the most feasible approach regarding the treatment of this harmful residue.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Properties of Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenolic Extracts on Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 800

Author(s):

Anna Maria Posadino ◽

Annalisa Cossu ◽

Roberta Giordo ◽

Amalia Piscopo ◽

Wael M Abdel-Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Cell Death ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Olive Mill

This work aims to analyze the chemical and biological evaluation of two extracts obtained by olive mill wastewater (OMW), an olive oil processing byproduct. The exploitation of OMW is becoming an important aspect of development of the sustainable olive oil industry. Here we chemically and biologically evaluated one liquid (L) and one solid (S) extract obtained by liquid–liquid extraction followed by acidic hydrolysis (LLAC). Chemical characterization of the two extracts indicated that S has higher phenol content than L. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were the more abundant phenols in both OMW extracts, with hydroxytyrosol significantly higher in S as compared to L. Both extracts failed to induce cell death when challenged with endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in cell viability experiments. On the contrary, the higher extract dosages employed significantly affected cell metabolic activity, as indicated by the MTT tests. Their ability to counteract H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death was assessed to investigate potential antioxidant activities of the extracts. Fluorescence measurements obtained with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe H2DCF-DA indicated strong antioxidant activity of the two OMW extracts in both cell models, as indicated by the inhibition of H2O2-induced ROS generation and the counteraction of the oxidative-induced cell death. Our results indicate LLAC-obtained OMW extracts as a safe and useful source of valuable compounds harboring antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

Intergraded Applied Methodology for the Treatment of Heavy Polluted Waste Waters from Olive Oil Industries

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2011/537814 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Antonis A. Zorpas ◽

Vassilis J. Inglezakis

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Oil Production ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Fenton Process ◽

Waste Waters ◽

Warm Climate ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Third Stage ◽

Olive Mill

The annual olive oil production in Cyprus is in the range of 2700–3100 t y−1, resulting in the generation of significant amount of waste. The cocomposting of the olive oil solid residue (OOSR) and the treated wastewaters (with Fenton) from the olive oil production process with the application of reed beds has been studied as an integrated method for the treatment of wastewater containing high organic and toxic pollutants under warm climate conditions. The experimental results indicated that the olive mill wastewater (OMW) is detoxified at the end of the Fenton process. Specifically, COD is reduced up to 65% (minimum 54.32%) by the application of Fenton and another 10–28% by the application of red beds as a third stage. The final cocomposted material of OOSR with the treated olive mile wastewater (TOMW) presents optimum characteristics and is suitable for agricultural purpose.

Download Full-text

A focus on pressure-driven membrane technology in olive mill wastewater reclamation: state of the art

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.506 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 2505-2516 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. M. Ochando-Pulido ◽

A. Martinez-Ferez

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Added Value ◽

Wastewater Reclamation ◽

Starting Point ◽

Olive Mill

Direct disposal of the heavily polluted effluent from olive oil industry (olive mill wastewater, OMW) to the environment or to domestic wastewater treatment plants is actually prohibited in most countries, and conventional treatments are ineffective. Membranes are currently one of the most versatile technologies for environmental quality control. Notwithstanding, studies on OMW reclamation by membranes are still scarce, and fouling inhibition and prediction to improve large-scale membrane performance still remain unresolved. Consequently, adequately targeted pretreatment for the specific binomium membrane-feed, as well as optimized operating conditions for the proper membranes, is today's challenge to ensure threshold flux values. Several membrane materials, configurations and pore sizes have been elucidated, and also different pretreatments including sedimentation, centrifugation, biosorption, sieving, filtration and microfiltration, various types of flocculation as well as advance oxidation processes have been applied so far. Recovery of potential-value compounds, such as a variety of polyphenols highlighting oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, has been attempted too. All this research should constitute the starting point to proceed with OMW purification beyond recycling for irrigation or depuration for sewer discharge, with the aim of complying with standards to reuse the effluent in the olive oil production process, together with cost-effective recovery of added-value compounds.

Download Full-text

Short-term effects of a low dose of olive mill wastewater on pomological characteristics of olive fruits and on oil quality: Olive oil quality is negatively affected by OMW application

2017 International Conference on Engineering & MIS (ICEMIS) ◽

10.1109/icemis.2017.8273074 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Meriem Tekaya ◽

Sinda El-Gharbi ◽

Imed Chraief ◽

Mohamed Hammami ◽

Beligh Mechri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Low Dose ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Short Term ◽

Olive Oil Quality ◽

Olive Mill ◽

Short Term Effects

Download Full-text

Mapping of the Canopy Openings in Mixed Beech–Fir Forest at Sentinel-2 Subpixel Level Using UAV and Machine Learning Approach

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12233925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 3925

Author(s):

Ivan Pilaš ◽

Mateo Gašparović ◽

Alan Novkinić ◽

Damir Klobučar

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Predictive Performance ◽

Spatial Extent ◽

Gradient Boosting ◽

Support Vector ◽

Stochastic Gradient Boosting ◽

Extreme Gradient Boosting ◽

Sentinel 2

The presented study demonstrates a bi-sensor approach suitable for rapid and precise up-to-date mapping of forest canopy gaps for the larger spatial extent. The approach makes use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) red, green and blue (RGB) images on smaller areas for highly precise forest canopy mask creation. Sentinel-2 was used as a scaling platform for transferring information from the UAV to a wider spatial extent. Various approaches to an improvement in the predictive performance were examined: (I) the highest R2 of the single satellite index was 0.57, (II) the highest R2 using multiple features obtained from the single-date, S-2 image was 0.624, and (III) the highest R2 on the multitemporal set of S-2 images was 0.697. Satellite indices such as Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI), Normalized Difference Index (NDI45), Pigment-Specific Simple Ratio Index (PSSRa), Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (MCARI), Color Index (CI), Redness Index (RI), and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) were the dominant predictors in most of the Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The more complex ML algorithms such as the Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Stochastic Gradient Boosting (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Catboost that provided the best performance on the training set exhibited weaker generalization capabilities. Therefore, a simpler and more robust Elastic Net (ENET) algorithm was chosen for the final map creation.

Download Full-text