Assessing Spatial and Temporal Variability for Some Edaphic Characteristics of Mediterranean Rainfed and Irrigated Soils

Mediterranean soils are particularly threatened by salinization and low levels of organic matter content. In order to assess an edaphic sustainable use, we need to study its characteristics and better understand the temporal and spatial evolution. In this study, a total of 14,852 ha located in a western Mediterranean basin were selected as the study site where 1417 and 1451 topsoil samples were analyzed in 2001/2002 and 2011/2012, respectively, for Soil Organic Matter (SOM) content, pH water (pHw) and electrical conductivity (EC). Classical statistics and geostatistics techniques were used and the individual soil samples were related with the cultural system (CS) practiced–rainfed/irrigation–and the Reference Soil Group (RSG)–Cambisols, Calcisols, Luvisols, and Fluvisols. Predictive maps were created by interpolation using the Ordinary Kriging algorithm. The main results of this study were that, when transitioning from a rainfed to irrigation CS, SOM content is maintained in Cambisols but decreases in the other RSGs, pHw is maintained and EC increases in Fluvisols, Luvisols, and Cambisols. Over time in the rainfed CS all RSGs maintained SOM and pHw but EC increased in Fluvisols, Luvisols, and Calcisols and in the irrigation CS SOM decreased in Luvisols, pHw increased in Fluvisols and Calcisols and EC increased in all RSGs.

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Response of Fractal Analysis to Soil Quality Succession in Long-Term Compound Soil Improvement of Mu Us Sandy Land, China

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/5463107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Haiou Zhang ◽

Jiancang Xie ◽

Jichang Han ◽

Haipeng Nan ◽

Zhen Guo

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soft Rock ◽

Clay Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Sandy Land ◽

Mu Us Sandy Land

The degraded aeolian sandy soil in China’s Mu Us Sandy Land requires amendment before it can be suitable for maize or other agricultural production. The addition of material from the local “soft” bedrock can create a new compound soil whose particle composition and structural stability are key issues for sustainable soil development in the region. We used field data from 2010 to 2018 to study the variations in fractal characteristics of compound soil particles at soft rock to sand volume ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 5, along with changes in soil organic matter. Over the study period, all three compound soils showed gradual increases in clay and silt content with corresponding decreasing sand content. The fractal dimension (FD) of particles at ratio 1 : 2 increased by 8.8%, higher than those at 1 : 1 (8.6%) and 1 : 5 (7.7%). The organic matter content (OMC) of particles at ratio 1 : 2 reached a maximum (6.24 ± 0.30 g/kg), an increase of 12 times over the original value. The FD and OMC of particles at ratios 1 : 1 and 1 : 5 were less stable but showed overall increase. The 1 : 2 ratio compound soil was most suitable for maize growth as its clear increase in silt and clay content most improved the texture and OMC of the original sandy soil. Such research has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the evolutionary mechanism and sustainable use of the compound soil in agriculture within the Mu Us Sandy Land.

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The variability of phosphorus fractions in sediments of a shallow, restored Antoninek Reservoir (Poznań, Poland)

Limnological Review ◽

10.2478/v10194-011-0007-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renata Dondajewska

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

High Water ◽

Matter Content ◽

Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Phosphorus Loading ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

P Fraction ◽

Study Sites ◽

Sediment Layers

The variability of phosphorus fractions in sediments of a shallow, restored Antoninek Reservoir (Poznań, Poland) Spatial and temporal variability of phosphorus (P) fractions content in bottom sediments of a shallow preliminary reservoir was studied in Antoninek, situated in Poznań. Fractions were analyzed at least once in a season (more often in spring and summer) between August 2004 and November 2005 according to the fractioning protocol proposed by Psenner et al. (1988). Circa 10 cm thick sediment layers were collected from three study sites, situated along the main axis of the reservoir. The contribution of NH4Cl-P and BD-P, i.e. the most accessible fractions biologically was similar at all stations (usually below 10%). The share of other fractions increased according to the sequence NaOH-RP < NaOH-NRP < HCl-P < Res-P. Only at station 1 the amount of phosphorus related to organic matter was lower than with aluminum. The domination of Res-P fraction indicated that the main part of phosphorus in sediment is biologically unavailable, therefore the intensity of phosphorus loading from sediments shall be low. However, high organic matter content, noted in sediments of Antoninek Reservoir, determined great amount of NaOH-NRP fraction. Both parameters remained under the influence of mats of macroalgae, growing intensively in the reservoir during vegetation season. The role of sediments as a source of phosphorus for water column enlarged, due to increased organic matter decomposition, especially in periods of high water temperature in this shallow reservoir.

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Sorption and Desorption of Tembotrione and its Metabolite AE 1417268 in Soils with Different Attributes

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100096 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.T. FARIA ◽

C.A. FIALHO ◽

M.F. SOUZA ◽

N.M. FREITAS ◽

A.A. SILVA

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

High Performance ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Matter Content ◽

Direct Relation ◽

Carryover Effects ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Low Levels

ABSTRACT: Tembotrione is registered in Brazil for maize and is used in large areas of the country in each harvest. In recent years, producers have reported carryover effects of this herbicide in succeeding crops to maize. This fact can be attributed to tembotrione recommendations without knowing their interactions with tropical soils colloids. In this study, using high-performance liquid chromatography, it was possible to evaluate the influence of chemical and physical attributes on the sorption and desorption of tembotrione, as well as its metabolite AE 1417268, on seven soils from different regions of Brazil. The coefficients referring to sorption and desorption, as well as the hysteresis index (Kf, 1/n and H) of tembotrione and its metabolite were influenced by pH, clay content and organic matter. In soil samples with low levels of clay and organic matter, values of sorption coefficients were reduced as pH increased. The desorption of tembotrione and its metabolite in all soils were low, mainly in the clayey ones and in soils with higher organic matter content. The sorption of tembotrione and its metabolites varies with the attributes of soil, presenting a direct relation with clay and organic matter contents and an inverse one with soil pH. The desorption of tembotrione and its metabolite decreased with the increase in clay and organic matter contents in the evaluated soils.

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Relationship among soil management, organic matter content and root development along the explorable soil profile in the vineyard

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20191304021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 04021

Author(s):

Alberto Vercesi ◽

Matteo Gatti ◽

Claudia Meisina ◽

Massimiliano Bordoni ◽

Michael Maerker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Root Development ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Management ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Grass Cover ◽

North West ◽

Natural Grass ◽

Low Levels

In the most ancient wine area of the Controlled Denomination of Origin (DOC) “Oltrepò Pavese” in North-West Italy, foothills of the Apennine mountains, the soils of 14 representative vineyards managed for about 10 years with tillage (T) or natural grass-cover (G) or the alternation of the two methods between the rows (GT), were compared for their contents of organic matter, main soil parameters and extent of root development, in the first meter of depth. The soils are fine textured, sometimes calcareous, with low levels of organic matter. G and GT soil treatments showed higher organic matter content (on average 1.4%) than T (0.88%). Better root development (number and area) was observed in G and GT, in comparison with T; the number and size of roots showed a positive correlation with the soil organic matter.

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Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ sorption, desorption and migration in Fluvisols

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2015.v5.n3.07 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Arenas-Lago ◽

Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo ◽

Beatriz Cerqueira Cancelo ◽

María Luisa Andrade Couce ◽

Flora Alonso Vega

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Competitive Sorption ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Sorption Hysteresis ◽

Subsurface Waters ◽

And Migration ◽

The Individual ◽

Lower Capacity

The aim of this work was to assess and compare the mono and bimetallic Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ sorption and desorption capacities as well as the sorption hysteresis in two different types of Fluvisols. The migration of cations through the profiles was evaluated, along with the dependence on soil properties of mono and bimetallic Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ fixation, hysteresis and mobility. Sorption irreversibility and migration of the studied cations through the profiles were evaluated, by means of hysteresis and migration indexes calculated from retention capacity values (Kr) proposed and validated in a previous work. The results showed that the sorption and retention capacities of the A horizons were higher than those of C and that the individual sorption and retention capacities were greater than the competitive capacities. The highest values of sorption and retention capacities were those for Pb2+, followed by Cu2+ and Cd2+. Mn oxides, organic matter and, consequently, ECEC were the components and properties that most highly influenced Pb2+ monometal and competitive sorption and retention. Cd2+ did not interfere with Pb2+ or Cu2+ sorption and retention. Organic matter content was only correlated with the sorption hysteresis of Pb2+, in accordance with the high Pb2+fixation capacity of in this component and its lower capacity to retain Cu2+ and Cd2+. Tidalic Fluvisols retained only 0.4 and 0.2% of added Cd2+ when competing with Cu2+ and Pb2+, respectively. However, more than 60% of the added Pb2+, and over 47% of the added Cu2+ were retained. The Pb2+ retained in competition with Cu2+ was 98.2 in TF and 47% in the Umbric Fluvisol, whereas the retained Cu2+ was 93.8 and 29.9% respectively. These retention and Cd2+ mobility indicated that there is a possibility of heavy metals transferring to subsurface waters and, through these, of contamination and even of these metals entering the food chain.

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Sources of lanthanides in soils and estimation of their hazards

Geochemistry Exploration Environment Analysis ◽

10.1144/geochem2021-024 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. geochem2021-024

Author(s):

Yuriy Vodyanitskii ◽

Tatiana Minkina ◽

Tatiana Bauer

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Organic Matter ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽

Ph Value ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Standard Soil ◽

Low Levels

In recent years, an increase in the input of lanthanides (Ln), an important group of heavy metals (HMs), has been observed in the environment throughout the world (in particular soil). Anthropogenic Ln sources are mainly connected to phosphogypsum, Ln-bearing microfertilizer and micronutrients, and mine waste. Therefore, assessment of hazards associated with the presence of Ln in the soil is an urgent issue. Hazardousness, depending strongly upon the buffer capacity of a specified soil, is determined by the organic matter content, the pH value and other soil properties. For a standard soil (containing 10% organic matter and 25% clay), the discrepancy of the hazardousness of HMs can be estimated based on the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) values proposed by ecologists in the Netherlands. Low levels of Ln contamination in the soil are found, making it possible to classify them in the group of moderately and weakly acting pollutants. The MPC value proposed for cerium (Ce) in the standard soil is 44 mg/kg. Approximate MPC values for several other lanthanides (Ln, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy) in soils were proposed based on MPC values for freshwater sediments in the Netherlands. According to the MPC value, Ln falls into the group of moderate- and low-hazardous heavy metals.

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N2O emission from mineral soils – Reviews

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/4937-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Włodarczyk ◽

J. Gliński ◽

U. Kotowska

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Complicated Manner ◽

Mineral Soils ◽

N Compounds

Increasing deposition of N-compounds cause environmental problems such as leaching of nitrate or enhanced emission of N2O. Most N2O is formed from dissimilatory reduction of nitrate in oxygen deficient environment, although it can also be produced from chemolitotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification and assimilatory reduction of nitrate in aerobic conditions. N2O production is affected by many physical and biochemical factors, such as: the nature and amount of organic matter available as energy sources to the denitrifiers and heterotrophic nitrifiers, the aeration/moisture status of the soil, the soil nitrate concentration, soil pH, and the soil texture. These factors interact in a complicated manner with microorganisms on a microscale level in the soil, creating the large spatial and temporal variability in denitrification and and influenced on N2O/N ratio. The N2O emission increased linearly with NO3– reduction and curvilinearly with organic matter content, dehydrogenase activity and pH value and decreased curvilinearly with oxygen content.

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HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology ◽

10.33623/0579-9406-2018-3-46-54 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 46-54

Author(s):

O. A. Lipatnikova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Bottom Sediments ◽

Metal Speciation ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Matter Content ◽

Heavy Metal Speciation ◽

Mobile Forms ◽

Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

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Changes in organic matter content of soil as a result of long-term fertilization

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/crc.33.2005.1.12 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 53-55

Author(s):

Katalin Berecz ◽

Katalin Debreczeni

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy Environment and Ecology ◽

10.24321/2455.3093.202006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Amita M Watkar ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Attributes ◽

Essential Components ◽

Agricultural Land Management ◽

Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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