scholarly journals Influence of Different Feed Physical Forms on Mandibular Gland in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Cecilia Dall’Aglio ◽  
Francesca Mercati ◽  
Elena De Felice ◽  
Federico Maria Tardella ◽  
Josef Kamphues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Mandibular Gland ◽  
R Package ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Receptor Localization ◽  
Apelin Receptor ◽  
Ground Meal

A study was performed on the mandibular gland obtained from growing pigs enrolled in a wide research project aiming to test the effects of different feed physical forms on animal health, production and welfare. We used 48 pigs fed for four weeks with different dietary treatments based on different grinding intensities and compactions of the same diet, namely coarsely ground meal (CM), finely ground pelleted (FP) and coarsely ground pelleted (CP) diets. Samples were analyzed by conventional histochemistry to identify the glycohistochemical profile and by immunohistochemistry to localize aquaporin 5, apelin and apelin receptor. Statistical elaborations were performed using the Stats R-package, version 3.5.3. Pig mandibular gland adenomere increased both the quantity and acidity of produced glycoconjugates from CM to FP and CP diets. This probably calls forth higher watery saliva, thus promoting a better feed softening facilitating the amalgamation of the bolus. Mandibular gland increased aquaporin 5 positivity in the CP diet, supporting the hypothesis of an augmented demand for water. Based on apelin/receptor localization, it was hypothesized that in pig mandibular gland the apelinergic system likely performs an endocrine control on the demilunes activity and a paracrine control on ducts, facilitating the production of a more fluid saliva.

scholarly journals PSVIII-21 Parasite prevalence and fecal egg counts on organic pig farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Alexander Hernandez ◽  
Rick Carr ◽  
Shelby Dukes ◽  
Maria Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Production Stages

Abstract Swine parasites present challenges for organic pig farmers and represent suboptimal animal health because the use of synthetic anthelmintics is not allowed. The objective of this study was to investigate prevalence and fecal egg counts (FEC) of three intestinal parasites (Ascaris, Trichuris, and Oesophagostomum) on organic pig farms in the United States. Nine farms across 4 states were investigated. Pigs on all farms were raised within no-confinement facilities, had access to the outdoors or pasture except for one farm that housed sows in a hoop barn, and no use of synthetic anthelmintics from birth to market weight for growing/finishing pigs and from the third trimester of gestation for sows. Herd size varied from 12 to 416 (median=50) pigs. Four to 16 fecal samples were collected in each pen or pasture. A total of 186 samples were analyzed for FEC using the concentrated McMaster technique to yield eggs per gram (epg) of fecal samples. Pigs were categorized as breeders (gestating sows of all parity and boars), growing pigs (2 to 5 months old), or finishing pigs (5 months old to market weight). Results indicate that 56%, 89%, and 44% farms were infected with Oesophagostomum, Ascaris, and Trichuris, respectively. Overall, breeders on infected farms had higher (P=0.01) FEC of Oesophagostomum (1,115 epg ± 1,647 SD) than growing (60 epg ± 9.5 SD) and finishing pigs (237 epg ± 234 SD). Growing and finishing pigs had higher (P< 0.001) FEC of Ascaris (1,733 epg ± 1,208 SD for growing pigs; 1,162 epg ± 630 SD for finishing pigs) than breeders (5 epg ± 2.5 SD). Trichuris FEC was relatively low (< 80 epg for pigs in all production stages) compared to other parasites. Results suggest that swine parasite infection is common on organic/alternative farms and strategies to control parasites need to be developed.

scholarly journals Effects of medicinal plants mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal microbiota in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1894-1900
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cong Oanh ◽  
Truong Quang Lam ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Tien ◽  
Jean-Luc Hornick ◽  
Vu Dinh Ton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Plant Mixture

Background and Aim: Alternative natural materials to antibiotics for improving digestive health and growth performance are needed due to strengthening regulations related to the use of antibiotic growth promoters. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants mixture (60% Bidens pilosa L., 15% Urena lobata L., 15% Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, 5% Ramulus cinnamomi, and 5% Star anise) as alternative growth promotors on animal health, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and growth performance of growing pigs. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted, from April 2020 to June 2020, at a private pig production farm located in Cam Giang district Hai Duong Province, Vietnam. Forty-eight 10-week-old crossbred (♂Duroc×♀ [Landrace×Yorkshire]) pigs, average initial body weight 30.3±1.42 kg, were randomly allocated to four dietary groups, three replicate pens per experimental group, with 4 pigs/pen. For 7 weeks, the pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with the mixture at levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 g/kg of feed. Results: Final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, as well as apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and gross energy were not significantly influenced by the diets (p>0.05). Inclusion of the plant mixture decreased significantly red blood cell count, blood cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p<0.05) compared with the control diet. No diet effect was observed on fecal Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and total bacteria counts. Conclusion: The incorporation of the plant mixture into the diet of growing pigs reduced serum cholesterol, LDL, and urea concentrations with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals FumDSB Can Reduce the Toxic Effects of Fumonisin B1 by Regulating Several Brain-Gut Peptides in Both the Hypothalamus and Jejunum of Growing Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Quancheng Liu ◽  
Fuchang Li ◽  
Libo Huang ◽  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Zhongyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Food Borne

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most common food-borne mycotoxin produced by the Fusarium species, posing a potential threat to human and animal health. Pigs are more sensitive to FB1 ingested from feed compared to other farmed livestock. Enzymatic degradation is an ideal detoxification method that has attracted much attention. This study aimed to explore the functional characteristics of the carboxylesterase FumDSB in growing pigs from the perspective of brain–gut regulation. A total of 24 growing pigs were divided into three groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, the FB1 group was supplemented with FB1 at 5 mg/kg feed, and the FumDSB group received added FumDSB based on the diet of the FB1 group. After 35 days of animal trials, samples from the hypothalamus and jejunum were analyzed through HE staining, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the ingestion of FB1 can reduce the feed intake and weight gain of growing pigs, indicating that several appetite-related brain-gut peptides (including NPY, PYY, ghrelin and obestatin, etc.) play important roles in the anorexia response induced by FB1. After adding FumDSB as detoxifying enzymes, however, the anorexia effects of FB1 were alleviated, and the expression and distribution of the corresponding brain-gut peptides exhibited a certain degree of regulation. In conclusion, the addition of FumDSB can reduce the anorexia effects of FB1 by regulating several brain-gut peptides in both the hypothalamus and the jejunum of growing pigs.

scholarly journals Impacts of environmental complexity on respiratory and gut microbiome community structure and diversity in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Megahed ◽  
Mohamed Zeineldin ◽  
Kaleigh Evans ◽  
Nidia Maradiaga ◽  
Ben Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The limited understanding of the interaction between rearing environment of the growing pig and the pig’s microbial community impedes efforts to identify the optimal housing system to maximize animal health and production. Accordingly, we characterized the impact of housing complexity on shaping the respiratory and gut microbiota of growing pig. A total of 175 weaned pigs from 25 litters were randomly assigned within liter to either simple slatted-floor (S) or complex straw-based rearing ecosystem (C). Beside the floor swabs samples, fecal swabs and mucosal scraping samples from bronchus, ileum, and colon were collected approximately 164 days post-weaning at the time of slaughter. The S ecosystem seems to increase the α-diversity of respiratory and gut microbiota. Moreover, the C-raised pigs showed 35.4, 89.2, and 60.0% reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than the S-raised pigs at bronchus, ileum, and colon, respectively. The unfavorable taxa Psychrobacter, Corynebacterium, Actinobacteria, and Neisseria were the signature taxa of C environment-associated microbial community. Therefore, the microbiota of S-raised pigs seems to show higher density of the most essential and beneficial taxa than the C-raised pigs. We preliminarily conclude that increasing the physical complexity of rearing environment seems to provide suboptimal conditions for establishing a healthy microbial community in the growing pigs.

scholarly journals Possibilities of establishing a smallholder pig identification and traceability system in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 859-870
Author(s):  
Florence Mutua ◽  
Johanna Lindahl ◽  
Delia Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Beef Value Chain ◽  
Initial Focus

Abstract Consumers have a right to safer foods, and traceability is one approach to meeting their expectations. Kenya does not have an operational animal traceability system, and while a few initiatives have been piloted, these have only focused on the beef value chain. In this paper, we begin a discussion on traceability in the pig value chain, with an initial focus on smallholder systems of Western Kenya. First, a background to local pig production is given, and a description of animal identification and traceability options applicable to these systems is explained. Based on this, a “butcher-to-farm” traceability system, with health, production and food safety as objectives, is discussed. Requirements for establishing such a system (including actor incentives) are additionally discussed. The proposed approach can be piloted in the field and findings used to inform the design of a larger pilot and possibly pave way for implementation of a national traceability system, in line with the guidelines provided by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Organized systems in the area (including commercial producer and trader groups) would offer a useful starting point.

scholarly journals Microalgae: Potential for Bioeconomy in Food Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11316
Author(s):  
Elwi Machado Sierra ◽  
María C. Serrano ◽  
Anderson Manares ◽  
Abraham Guerra ◽  
Yani Aranguren Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Meat And Eggs

The efficient use of natural resources is essential for the planet’s sustainability and ensuring food security. Colombia’s large availability of water resources in combination with its climatic characteristics allows for the development of many microalgae species. The use of microalgae can potentially contribute to sustainable production in support of the agri-food sector. The nutritional composition (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, and antioxidants) of microalgae along with the ease of producing high biomass yields make them an excellent choice for human and animal nutrition and agriculture. Several species of microalgae have been studied seeking to develop food supplements for pigs, ruminants, poultry, fish, crustaceans, rabbits, and even bees. Important benefits to animal health, production, and improved bromatological and organoleptic characteristics of milk, meat, and eggs have been observed. Based on the functional properties of some microalgae species, foods and supplements have also been developed for human nutrition. Moreover, because microalgae contain essential nutrients, they can be utilized as biofertilizers by replacing chemical fertilizers, which are detrimental to the environment. In view of the above, the study of microalgae is a promising research area for the development of biotechnology and bioeconomy in Colombia.

333 Assessment of Spent Hemp Biomass as a Potential Feedstuff in Ruminant Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Nathan Parker ◽  
Hunter Ford ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Erminio Trevisi ◽  
Serkan Ates
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Second Period

Abstract The 2018 Farm Bill removed hemp (Cannabis sativa) from the Controlled Substances Act, classifying it as an agricultural product. The process of cannabidiol extraction from hemp yields large quantities of spent hemp biomass (SHB) that may potentially be included in animal diets. However, the use of SHB in animal diets has not been approved by FDA yet since its effect on animal health, production and product quality is still unknown. Thus, a feeding study was carried out to investigate the effects of varying levels of SHB and a four-week withdrawal period on feed intake and liveweight gains of weaned lambs. A total of 35 weaned, male Polypay lambs kept in single pens were randomly assigned to five feeding treatments (n=7) and fed diets containing either no SHB (CON) or SHB at 10% (LH1) or 20% (HH1) for 4 weeks with 4 weeks withdrawal from SHB, or SHB at 10 (LH2) or 20% (HH2) for 8 weeks. The nutritive analysis of the SHB indicated a high-quality feed, with 20% (DM) crude protein and 27% NDF. Dry matter (DM) intake of lambs was negatively affected by 20% SHB during the first period. In the second period, DM intake was larger in lambs fed 10% SHB vs. CON, with the largest feed intake observed in HH1 lambs. In contrast, none of the performance data, including liveweight gains, were different across the groups and periods. Feeding 20% SHB decreased plasma cholesterol, NEFA, BHBA, Ca, and Cl and increased urea and Mg, while 10% SHB increased glucose, cholesterol, and NEFA. Our findings indicated that 10% SHB can be included in ruminant diets without causing any detrimental effect on performance with a possible positive effect on feed intake. The long-term feeding of 20% SHB strongly affects the metabolism.

scholarly journals Vaccination with Recombinant Subolesin Antigens Provides Cross-Tick Species Protection in Bos indicus and Crossbred Cattle in Uganda

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Kasaija ◽  
Marinela Contreras ◽  
Fredrick Kabi ◽  
Swidiq Mugerwa ◽  
José de la de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Vaccine Design ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Cattle Ticks

Cattle tick infestations and transmitted pathogens affect animal health, production and welfare with an impact on cattle industry in tropical and subtropical countries. Anti-tick vaccines constitute an effective and sustainable alternative to the traditional methods for the control of tick infestations. Subolesin (SUB)-based vaccines have shown efficacy for the control of multiple tick species, but several factors affect the development of new and more effective vaccines for the control of tick infestations. To address this challenge, herein we used a regional and host/tick species driven approach for vaccine design and implementation. The objective of the study was to develop SUB-based vaccines for the control of the most important tick species (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. decoloratus and Amblyomma variegatum) affecting production of common cattle breeds (Bos indicus and B. indicus x B. taurus crossbred) in Uganda. In this way, we addressed the development of anti-tick vaccines as an intervention to prevent the economic losses caused by ticks and tick-borne diseases in the cattle industry in Uganda. The results showed the possibility of using SUB antigens for the control of multiple tick species in B. indicus and crossbred cattle and suggested the use of R. appendiculatus SUB to continue research on vaccine design and formulation for the control of cattle ticks in Uganda. Future directions would include quantum vaccinology approaches based on the characterization of the SUB protective epitopes, modeling of the vaccine E under Ugandan ecological and epidemiological conditions and optimization of vaccine formulation including the possibility of oral administration.

Animal health, production and pasture

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
K.W.G.S
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Production
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