FumDSB Can Reduce the Toxic Effects of Fumonisin B1 by Regulating Several Brain-Gut Peptides in Both the Hypothalamus and Jejunum of Growing Pigs

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most common food-borne mycotoxin produced by the Fusarium species, posing a potential threat to human and animal health. Pigs are more sensitive to FB1 ingested from feed compared to other farmed livestock. Enzymatic degradation is an ideal detoxification method that has attracted much attention. This study aimed to explore the functional characteristics of the carboxylesterase FumDSB in growing pigs from the perspective of brain–gut regulation. A total of 24 growing pigs were divided into three groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, the FB1 group was supplemented with FB1 at 5 mg/kg feed, and the FumDSB group received added FumDSB based on the diet of the FB1 group. After 35 days of animal trials, samples from the hypothalamus and jejunum were analyzed through HE staining, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the ingestion of FB1 can reduce the feed intake and weight gain of growing pigs, indicating that several appetite-related brain-gut peptides (including NPY, PYY, ghrelin and obestatin, etc.) play important roles in the anorexia response induced by FB1. After adding FumDSB as detoxifying enzymes, however, the anorexia effects of FB1 were alleviated, and the expression and distribution of the corresponding brain-gut peptides exhibited a certain degree of regulation. In conclusion, the addition of FumDSB can reduce the anorexia effects of FB1 by regulating several brain-gut peptides in both the hypothalamus and the jejunum of growing pigs.

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Macleaya cordataExtract Decreased Diarrhea Score and Enhanced Intestinal Barrier Function in Growing Piglets

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/1069585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gang Liu ◽

Guiping Guan ◽

Jun Fang ◽

Yordan Martínez ◽

Shuai Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Barrier Function ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Supplement Group ◽

Macleaya Cordata

Macleaya cordataextract is of great scientific and practical interest to researchers, due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory responses within experimental animals. This study was designed to determine the diarrhea score and innate immunity of growing piglets after they had receivedMacleaya cordataextract supplements. A total of 240 growing pigs were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments, with 8 replicates per treatment and 10 piglets per replicate. All pigs received a basal diet containing similar amounts of nutrients. The three treatments were a control (no additive), an antibiotic (200 mg/kg colistin), and theMacleaya cordataextract supplement group (40 mg/kgMacleaya cordataextract). The diarrhea score was calculated after D 28. The jejunal samples were obtained from five piglets selected randomly from each treatment on D 28. In comparison with the control group, the dietaryMacleaya cordataextract and colistin group demonstrated a substantially decreased diarrhea score. The introduction ofMacleaya cordataextract supplements to the diet significantly increased volumes of ZO-1 and claudin-1, particularly in comparison with the pigs in the control group (P<0.05). The findings indicate thatMacleaya cordataextract does enhance intestinal barrier function in growing piglets and that it could be used as a viable substitute for antibiotics.

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Response of Fecal Bacterial Flora to the Exposure of Fumonisin B1 in BALB/c Mice

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13090612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 612

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Zhiwei Chen ◽

Lin Jiang ◽

Zihan Chen ◽

Hua Sun

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

Illumina Miseq Platform ◽

Regulatory Limits ◽

Miseq Platform ◽

High Diversity

Fumonisins are a kind of mycotoxin that has harmful influence on the health of humans and animals. Although some research studies associated with fumonisins have been reported, the regulatory limits of fumonisins are imperfect, and the effects of fumonisins on fecal bacterial flora of mice have not been suggested. In this study, in order to investigate the effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) on fecal bacterial flora, BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups, which were fed intragastrically with 0 mg/kg, 0.018 mg/kg, 0.054 mg/kg, 0.162 mg/kg, 0.486 mg/kg, 1.458 mg/kg and 4.374 mg/kg of FB1 solutions, once a day for 8 weeks. Subsequently, feces were collected for analysis of microflora. The V3-V4 16S rRNA of fecal bacterial flora was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results revealed that fecal bacterial flora of mice treated with FB1 presented high diversity. Additionally, the composition of fecal bacterial flora of FB1 exposure groups showed marked differences from that of the control group, especially for the genus types including Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Parabacteroides and phylum types including Cyanobacteria. In conclusion, our data indicate that FB1 alters the diversity and composition of fecal microbiota in mice. Moreover, the minimum dose of FB1 exposure also causes changes in fecal microbiota to some extent. This study is the first to focus on the dose-related effect of FB1 exposure on fecal microbiota in rodent animals and gives references to the regulatory doses of fumonisins for better protection of human and animal health.

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Immunohistochemical Expression of P16 Protein and TGF β1 in Mice Liver Exposed to Fumonisin B1

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2020.17.2.0401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 0401

Author(s):

Sinai Mohammed et al.

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Species ◽

Critical Role ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

P16 Protein ◽

Mice Liver ◽

Tgf Β1

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced in some grains (mainly corn) by Fusarium species. Due to a structural similarity between FB1 and sphinganine, sphingolipids metabolism is inhibited. Such inhibition plays a critical role in cell to cell singling and structure of lipoprotein; therefore FB1 has been suggested to have a relationship with human and animal cancer. This research is planned to study the effect of FB1 on male mice at two doses (20 and 30 µg/ ml) on the expression of TGF-β1 and p16 in liver cells. Three groups of Swiss albino male mice; each group was orally administrated with FB1 toxin as the following: normal saline (control group); 20 and 30 µg/ ml. All groups were sacrificed after two weeks of oral management. Liver samples were collected and prepared for immunohistochemistry technique (IHC) using anti-TGF-β1 and anti-p16 antibodies. The results showed that exposure to FB1 caused significant elevation of TGF-β1 in both doses (76.74 ± 2.387% and 80.62 ± 7.277%, respectively) in comparison with the control group (46.79 ± 2.404%). The level of p16 protein was decreased at 20 µg/ml (76.63 ± 2.349%) and then increased at 30 µg/ml (81.25 ± 6.263%) but the expression was lower than that of control (90.00 ± 0.805%). In conclusion, FB1 has a significant effect on TGF-β1 and p16 protein expression at both doses (20 and 30 µg/ml), and therefore, its role in cancer development is suggested.

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Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins Contaminating Veterinary Diets for Dogs and Cats

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7010026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Natalia Witaszak ◽

Łukasz Stępień ◽

Jan Bocianowski ◽

Agnieszka Waśkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Animal Health ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Additional Risk ◽

Two Samples ◽

The Mean ◽

The Eu

Veterinary diets are intended for diseased animals and may contain cereal grains, mainly maize and/or wheat. These, in turn, are often infected with pathogens of the Fusarium genus, which are able to produce numerous harmful mycotoxins. Forty-two samples of veterinary diets for dogs and cats were analyzed for the presence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. Species were identified using molecular methods and the ergosterol and mycotoxins (fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone) were quantified using HPLC methods. Two Fusarium species were identified: Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioides. The highest concentrations of fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone were 74.83, 2318.05, 190.90, and 45.84 ng/g, respectively. Only 9.5% of the samples were free from Fusarium mycotoxins. The acceptable limits of mycotoxin content in animal feed, specified by the EU regulations, were not exceeded in any of the samples tested. The mean mycotoxin content in veterinary diets for cats was lower than for dogs. Thus, it is recommended that veterinary diets are examined, since the mycotoxin contamination pose additional risk to animal health. The knowledge on Fusarium occurrence in veterinary diets is scarce and as far as we are aware this is the first report concerning the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and their important secondary metabolites—mycotoxins—in different types of veterinary diets for companion animals in Poland.

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A comparison of the availability of copper in copper: lysine and cupric sulphate for sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600032104 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 247-247

Author(s):

N F Suttle ◽

J Brebner

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Animal Health ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Calcium Sulphate ◽

Inorganic Salts ◽

Control Group ◽

Sugar Solution ◽

Livestock Feeds ◽

Cupric Sulphate

Chelated trace elements are increasingly used to supplement livestock feeds despite little evidence that they have a higher nutritive value than simpler and cheaper inorganic salts. Advantages for chelated sources should be most evident for elements such as copper (Cu) in the diet of ruminants which rarely absorb more than 10% of the Cu they ingest because of antagonisms with sulphur and molybdenum initiated in the rumen.A copper:lysine complex (CuPLEX, 100; ZinPro Animal Health Ltd) was, therefore, compared with cupric sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O) for ability to increase liver Cu stores in sheep. Five groups of five Suffolk cross sheep, 10 months old and weighing 44kg on average, received 4.0kg DM daily of a basal diet of (kg/l00kg) whole oats (90.8), urea (1.8), calcium sulphate (1.4), sodium bicarbonate (1.8), and potassium chloride (0.5), with trace elements and vitamins A, D and E coated onto the grain in a sugar solution. A control group received the unsupplemented diet containing 3.5mg Cu/kg DM while four groups received Cu:lysine or CUSO4 added at a lower (1) and a higher (2) level, giving diets containing 9.8 and 14.6 or 8.4 and 13.2mg Cu/kg DM, respectively.

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Hydroxy Selenomethionine Improves Meat Quality through Optimal Skeletal Metabolism and Functions of Selenoproteins of Pigs under Chronic Heat Stress

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10101558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1558

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Shenggang Yin ◽

Jiayong Tang ◽

Yonggang Liu ◽

Gang Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Control Group ◽

Encoding Genes

Chronic heat stress (CHS) induces metabolic changes in skeletal muscle from growth to maintenance that jeopardizes growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of pigs. We investigated the protective effect of dietary organic selenium (hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid, OH-SeMet) on CHS-induced skeletal muscle damages of growing pigs, and the corresponding responses of selenoproteins. A total of 40 ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) pigs with an average live weight of 49.64 ± 2.48 kg were used in this 4-week trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 5 groups: The control group was raised on a basal diet in a thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C); and four CHS groups were raised on a basal diet and supplemented with Se 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg as OH-SeMet, respectively, in hyperthermal condition (33 ± 2 °C). CHS resulted in significant decrease of growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, which were associated with reduced (p < 0.05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and increased (p < 0.05) serum creatine (CK), sarcous heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glucokinase (GCK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Meanwhile, four metabolism-related genes and seven selenoprotein encoding genes were abnormally expressed in skeletal muscle. Dietary OH-SeMet addition partially alleviated the negative impact of CHS on carcass traits and improved meat quality. These improvements were accompanied by the increase in Se deposition, the anti-oxidative capacity of serum and muscle, and protein abundance of GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, and SELENOP. Supplementation with 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored the sarcous PEPCK, and 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored all abnormally expressed metabolism-related and selenoprotein encoding genes. In summary, dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet beyond Se requirement mitigated CHS-induced depression of carcass traits and meat quality of pigs associated with optimal skeletal metabolism, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and regulation of selenoproteins in skeletal muscle of pigs.

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Wheat safety in relation to presence and content of deoxynivalenol

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0713017j ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Verica Juric ◽

Igor Jajic ◽

Tatjana Savkovic ◽

Biljana Abramovic ◽

Milutin Ristic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hazard Analysis ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Control Point ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Critical Control Point ◽

Food Borne ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Real Picture

HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) is a concept which identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards, significant for food safety. It is applicable to the entire food chain, "from farm to table". Prevention of a food borne mycotoxin contamination of commodities is the most rational and cost-effective method for preventing adverse effects of fungal metabolites on human and animal health. Deoxynivalenol (DON) belongs to the group of mycotoxins produced by certain Fusarium species, which can damage several vital organs, or demonstrate immunotoxic effect, when ingested in small amounts for a longer period of time. Of particular concern is exposure of children to this mycotoxin through cereals, which are believed to lead to reduced weight gain and decreased liver weights. For that reason, we tried to present HACCP concept for preventing wheat contamination with deoxynivalenol. To be able to apply this system, hazards must be identified and risks assessed, and for that purpose a real picture of area (region) in which preventive measures shall be applied, need to be established. According to the results of the study conducted in the laboratory at our department, DON contaminated wheat samples in the region of Vojvodina accounted for 41,6% in 2004 and 2005, whereas amounts of deoxynivalenol ranged from 57 to 1840 ?g/kg.

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Selenogenome and AMPK signal insight into the protective effect of dietary Se on chronic heat-stress induced hepatic metabolic disorder in growing pigs

10.21203/rs.3.rs-130240/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Jiayong Tang ◽

Ying He ◽

Gang Jia ◽

Guangmang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Control Group ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Encoding Genes

Abstract Background:Chronic heat stress (CHS) disrupts hepatic metabolic homeostasis and jeopardizes product quality of pigs. Selenium (Se) may regulate the metabolic state through affect selenoprotein. Thus, we investigate the protective effect of dietary hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA) on CHS induced hepatic metabolic disorder in growing pigs, and the corresponding response of selenoprotein. Methods:Forty crossbreed growing pigs were randomly assigned to five groups: control group raised in the thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 oC) with basal diet; four CHS groups raised in hyperthermal condition (33 ± 2 oC) with basal diet and supplied with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg HMSeBA, respectively. The trial lasted 28 days. Results:CHS significantly increased the rectal temperature, respiration rate, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of pigs, up-regulated hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and induced lower liver weight, hepatic glucokinase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The CHS-induced liver metabolic disorder was associated with the aberrant expression of 6 metabolism-related gene and 11 selenoprotein encoding genes, and decreased the protein abundance of GCK, GPX4 and SELENOS. HMSeBA supplementation recovered the liver weight and improved anti-oxidative capacity and metabolism function in the liver. 0.4 or 0.6 mg Se/kg HMSeBA rescue of mRNA abundance of genes related to metabolism and protein levels of GCK. HMSeBA supplementation changed expressions of 15 selenoprotein encoding genes, and enhanced protein expression of GPX1, GPX4 and SELENOS in the liver affected by CHS. CHS alone showed no impact while HMSeBA supplementation increased protein levels of p-AMPKα in the liver. Conclusions:In summary, HMSeBA supplementation beyond nutrient requirement mitigates CHS-induced hepatic metabolic disorder, and the processes are associated with the activation of AMPK signal and regulation of selenoproteins in the liver of growing pigs.

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The Effects of Deoxynivalenol on the Ultrastructure of the Sacculus Rotundus and Vermiform Appendix, as Well as the Intestinal Microbiota of Weaned Rabbits

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12090569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 569 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chunyang Wang ◽

Libo Huang ◽

Pengwei Wang ◽

Quancheng Liu ◽

Jinquan Wang

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Vermiform Appendix ◽

Control Group ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Intestinal Segments ◽

Sacculus Rotundus ◽

Abundance And Diversity

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin found in grains that poses a potential threat to human and animal health, and the gastrointestinal tract is the primary target organ. There are few studies focused on the toxicology of DON to rabbits, especially on the relation among DON, microbiota, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. A total of 30 weaned rabbits (35 d) were evenly divided into the control group and DON group (1.5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)) based on their body weight. After a 24-day trial, the ultrastructures of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix were observed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology and microflora in the ileum, caecum, and colon were also examined. The results proved that the ultrastructure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as the integrity of the intestinal barrier (especially for the ileum), were impaired after DON was administrated to the rabbits. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance and diversity of the microflora decreased in all three intestinal segments in the DON group, particularly in the ileum and caecum. In conclusion, the toxic effect of DON on weaned rabbits may be performed by destroying the structure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as affecting the structure and diversity of the intestinal flora.

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Effects of L-carnitine and iron diet supplementations on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites in fattening pigs

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960609788066816 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. PIETRUSZKA ◽

E. JACYNO ◽

A. KOLODZIEJ

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Control Group ◽

Fattening Pigs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation either with or without extra Fe supplementation from Fe-amino acid (Fe-AA) complex on body weight gain, feed conversion, carcass characteristics and blood metabolite concentrations in fattening pigs. The study was carried out with 75 fatteners (30.100 kg body weight), divided into three groups, of 25 pigs each. The control group was given a basal diet that contained 85 mg/kg of Fe from premix. A L-carnitine group was given a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of L-carnitine, and a L-carnitine+Fe group was given a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of L-carnitine and 60 mg/kg of Fe from a Fe-AA complex. The supplement of L-carnitine to the diets did not have any effects on the growth performance and carcass traits. The L-carnitine supplement decreased the concentration of triglycerides (p.0.05), cholesterol (p .0.05) and low-density lipoproteins (p .0.01) in the blood serum of pigs, while it increased (p.0.01) the concentration of high-density lipoproteins. The combination of L-carnitine+Fe increased the growth performance of growing pigs (p .0.05) and the lean percentage and fatless ham weight in carcass and also increased (p .0.05) the Fe content in the blood serum and the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs. The results suggest the more effective outcomes can be reached when L-carnitine+Fe rather than only L-carnitine is used in diets.;

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