scholarly journals Inclusion of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Extract in the Diet of Growing Lambs: Effects on Blood Parameters, Animal Performance, and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Richard R. Lobo ◽  
Rafaela Vincenzi ◽  
Danny A. Rojas-Moreno ◽  
Annelise A. G. Lobo ◽  
Caroline M. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Hematological Indices

This study aimed to evaluate levels of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME), as a feed additive in the diets of growing lambs on serum biochemical parameters and hematological indices, animal performance, body metrics and carcass traits. Thirty-six entire (nine per treatment), male growing lambs, weighing 23.8 ± 3.7 kg, were fed the experimental diets which were treatments consisting of increasing levels of YME (0, 1, 2, and 4% inclusion on a dry matter [DM] basis) during an experimental period of 53 days. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, which initial body weight was used as blocking factor and the results were analyzed by orthogonal contrasts (linear, quadratic, and cubic). Yerba mate extract did not change the general health status of the animals; however, inclusions of up to 2% of the extract increased globulins (p = 0.05) and white blood cell count, as segmented neutrophils (p = 0.02) and lymphocytes (p = 0.04). Additionally, inclusion of up to 2% YME increased dry matter intake, final weight gain, total and daily gain (p < 0.05), also tended to increase ribeye area and reduce fat thickness (p < 0.10); however, YME above 2% of inclusion reduced animal productive parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, levels up to 2% of YME were beneficial to the health and productive parameters of growing lambs.

scholarly journals Impact of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, feed intake, and carcass traits of finishing steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1172
Author(s):  
Tassilo Brand ◽  
Martin Hünerberg ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Maolong He ◽  
Atef M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers

Abstact: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom [DA]; Biomin, Getzersdorf, Austria) on growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and liver abscesses of finishing steers. One hundred twenty Angus × Charolais crossbred steers (488 ± 26.5 kg) were used in a 110-d feeding experiment. Steers were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 12 pens with 10 steers per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of three diets. Each diet contained 86.5% barley, 10.0% barley silage, and 3.5% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets contained 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g DA/kg complete diet (DM basis), to achieve average daily DA intakes of 0 (control), 0.5 (LowDA), and 1.0 g (HighDA) per steer. Diets were prepared once daily and provided ad libitum. Two pens per treatment were equipped to record individual feed intake behavior. Steers were weighed every 28 d and carcass traits and liver scores were recorded at slaughter. Dry matter intake (average: 9.34 kg/d) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among diets. Average daily gain tended to increase linearly as DA increased (control: 1.82; LowDA: 1.87; and HighDA: 1.95 kg/d; P &lt; 0.09), but gain:feed ratio was not affected. Supplementation of DA affected longissimus muscle area quadratically (P = 0.05) with the largest area observed for LowDA. However, dressing percentage decreased linearly in response to increasing level of DA (P &lt; 0.01). Total abscessed livers were not affected, whereas proportion of severe liver abscesses was numerically lower with DA (30.8% and 42.5% for LowDA and HighDA) compared to the control (50%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of sunflower meal on growth and carcass traits of finishing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas de Carvalho Carellos ◽  
José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Hunaldo Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Performance Trial

With the objective to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of inclusion of sunflower meal (SFM) solvent extraction (DM: 92.71%, CP: 27.50%, NDF: 43.57%, ADF: 32.96%, CF: 25.91%, EE: 3,08% and GE: 4390 kcal) on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine, a performance trial was conducted in the Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Lavras - MG. A total of 80 crossbred pigs (LD x LW) with initial weight of 62.20 ± 4.21 kg were utilized, one barrow and one gilt per experimental unit, allocated in a randomized block design. The treatments were represented by five diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%) of SFM. At the end of the experimental period, all pigs were slaughtered (99.80 ± 6.91kg) and submitted to the carcass evaluation by the Brazilian Method of Carcass Evaluation (ABCS, 1973). The increasing levels of SFM shown a linear reduction (P<0.05) in the feed intake, therefore all other variables, shown any significant effect. The carcass data evaluation also shown any significant effect (P>0.05) for any increasing levels of SFM in the diets, however, sex effect was found, in the barrows, which shown higher ETM, P2, AG and RCG and lower AOL in relation to the females In conclusion Sunflower meal should be included up to 16% in pig diet (isocaloric and isolysinic, basis ) with no major effects on growth performance or carcass traits of finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of energy-protein supplementation frequency on performance of primiparous grazing beef cows during pre and postpartum

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1430-1443
Author(s):  
Felipe Henrique de Moura ◽  
Thaís Correia Costa ◽  
Aline Souza Trece ◽  
Luciano Prímola de Melo ◽  
Marcos Rocha Manso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Supplementation Frequency

Objective: Twenty-four pregnant Nellore primiparous grazing cows were used to evaluate the effects of energy-protein supplementation and supplementation frequency during pre (105 d before calving) and postpartum (105 d after calving) on performance and metabolic characteristics.Methods: Experimental treatments consisted of a control (no supplementation), daily supplementation (1.5 kg/d of concentrate/animal) and infrequent supplementation (4.5 kg of concentrate/animal every three days). During the pre and postpartum periods, concentrations of blood metabolites and animal performance were evaluated. Ureagenesis and energy metabolism markers were evaluated at prepartum period.Results: Supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and carcass traits during pre and postpartum. The BW (p = 0.079), adjusted BW at day of parturition (p = 0.078), and ADG (p = 0.074) were greater for supplemented cows during the prepartum. The body condition score (BCS; p = 0.251), and carcass traits (p>0.10) were not affected by supplementation during prepartum. On postpartum, supplementation did not affect animal performance and carcass traits (p>0.10). The dry mater intake was not affected (p>0.10) by supplementation and supplementation frequency throughout the experimental period. Daily supplemented animals had greater (p<0.001) glucose levels than animals supplemented every three days. Supplementation and supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) the levels of blood metabolites, neither the abundance of ureagenesis nor energy metabolism markers.Conclusion: In summary, our data show that the reduction of supplementation frequency does not cause negative impacts on performance and metabolic characteristics of primiparous grazing cows during the prepartum.

scholarly journals Crude glycerin in meat goat diets: intake, performance and carcass traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Cesar Dias ◽  
André Luís Finkler da Silveira ◽  
José Antonio Cogo Lançanova ◽  
João Ari Gualberto Hill ◽  
José Luiz Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Matter Basis

ABSTRACT: This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of including glycerin in kid goats diet on intake, performance and carcass traits. Twenty intact male kid goats Boer crossbred were used, with body weight of 25.06±4.15kg and 8.00±0.66 months old, allocated in block design, with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted on including dry matter basis (DM) of the diet of four levels of glycerin: zero, five, 10 and 15%, in replacing corn. It was not reported influence (P>0.05) of level of glycerin on intake of forage and feed conversion of animals. The concentrate and total DM intake were affected (P<0.05) for the level of glycerin in DM, with reduction in the animals that received the highest level. It was not reported influence (P>0.05) of level of glycerin on weight gain, carcass yield and percentage of cooling losses. However, the hot and cold carcass weight was lower (P<0.05) to the animals feed with 15% of glycerin. The inclusion up to 15% of glycerin in the diet of kid goats Boer crossbred, although did not affect feed conversion and performance, compromised the intake and carcass weight.

scholarly journals PSXII-3 Impact of a fibrolytic enzyme additive on digestibility and performance in the grower and early finisher phases of feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 418-418
Author(s):  
Melissa S Williams ◽  
Ousama AlZahal ◽  
Ira B Mandell ◽  
Brian W McBride
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine if a fibrolytic enzyme feed additive would improve animal performance and apparent total tract digestibility of fibre in feedlot rations. To meet these objectives 54 steers were assigned to one of three pens by weight and fed a corn-based grower (78.7% corn-silage and 20% dried distillers grains plus solubles, DM basis) diet for 80 days, followed by a finisher diet (60% high moisture corn, 20% DDGS, and 17% alfalfa haylage, DM basis) for 60 days. Steers were randomly assigned to control (CON; n = 27) or enzyme (ENZ; n = 27) treatments, with ENZ steers receiving 0.75 ml/kg DM of the enzyme additive. Every 28 days body weight, ultrasound measures of back and rump fat depths were recorded, and blood was collected via jugular venipuncture. Ruminal pH was monitored using a reticulo-ruminal in-dwelling probe and recorded at five minutes intervals over three weeks each in the grower phase and through the transition. Apparent total tract digestibility was measured using acid-insoluble ash as an internal marker. Data were analyzed as a complete randomized block design using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS, with treatment as a fixed effect, and block as a random effect. Adding ENZ during the grower and early finisher phases did not impact (P ≥ 0.05) animal performance traits (gains, feed intake, feed conversion), blood metabolites, or ruminal pH in grower or finisher periods. However, ENZ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, sugar, and net energy of gains. This study has demonstrated that the use of this fibrolytic enzyme in a corn-based feedlot diet improved digestibility of some nutrients, but this did not result in improved steer performance.

290 Encapsulated Sodium Butyrate (Ultramix GF) for Transitioning Neonatal Calves from Milk to Calf Starter

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
David P Casper ◽  
Keith Klanderman ◽  
Steven Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Neonatal Calves

Abstract Butyrate (UltraMix GF; Adisseo) is known to enhance ruminal papillae development for transitioning calves to dry feed. The hypothesis was that butyrate would be beneficial to neonatal calf growth performance. Eighty 2- to 5-d old Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of 2 treatments using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: 1) control: no butyrate; or 2) butyrate: 0.3% butyrate added to milk replacer (MR). Calves were fed 2x/d at 0630 and 1800 h along with free choice water and a 22% CP mini-pelleted calf starter (CS). The MR was fed at 0.567 kg/d for d 1–14, then increased to 0.85 kg/d for d 15–42, and feeding reduced to 1x/d for d 42–49 with weaning occurring after the 49-d experimental period. Calves fed butyrate demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.04) ending body weight (BW; 54.7 and 56.2 kg, for control and butyrate, respectively), BW gain (29.0 and 31.7 kg), and average daily gains (ADG; 591.3 and 647.7 g/d), compared with calves fed control. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (P &gt; 0.10) for both treatments, but the number of d required for calves to consume 0.9 kg CS for 3 consecutive days (47.3 and 45.7 d) was lower (P &lt; 0.05) for calves fed butyrate compared with calves fed control. Feed conversions were improved (P &lt; 0.05) for calves fed butyrate (0.53 and 0.58 kg/kg) compared with calves fed control. At the end of the 49-d study, withers height tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be greater for calves fed butyrate (85.2 and 86.0 cm) compared with calves fed control, while the remaining frame measurements (hip height, hip width, body length, and heart girth) and fecal scores were similar (P &gt; 0.10) for calves fed both treatments. Feeding neonatal calves butyrate in the MR improved growth performance and reduced the days to transition calves to CS.

Effects of different doses of sodium monensin on feeding behaviour, dry matter intake variation and selective consumption of feedlot Nellore cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murillo C. S. Pereira ◽  
Tássia V. B. Carrara ◽  
Juliana da Silva ◽  
Diego P. Silva ◽  
Daniel H. M. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Feeding Efficiency ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Different Doses

The experiment was designed to determine the effects of different doses of sodium monensin (MON) on feeding behaviour, dry matter intake (DMI) variation and selective consumption of feedlot Nellore cattle. The experiment was a randomised complete block design, replicated 12 times, in which 60 20-month-old yearling Nellore bulls (402.52 ± 33.0 kg) were fed the following different doses of MON (expressed in mg per kg, on a DM basis) in individual pens for 84 days: 0, 9, 18, 27 and 36. The adaptation program consisted of ad libitum feeding of two adaptation diets over a period of 14 days with concentrate level increasing from 68% to 84% of diet DM. Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic relationships between doses of MON and the dependent variable. As the dose of MON increased, the time spent ruminating (P < 0.01), feeding efficiency of DM (P < 0.05) and feeding efficiency of neutral detergent fibre (NDF; P < 0.05) were affected linearly during the period of adaptation. For the finishing period, as the dose of MON increased, time spent eating and ruminating, and feeding efficiency of DM were affected quadratically (P < 0.05), in which animals fed 9 ppm of MON presented better feeding efficiency of DM. Thus, as animals fed 9 ppm of MON presented better feeding efficiency of DM and NDF during the adaptation and finishing periods, it should be the dose of choice for feedlot Nellore cattle.

scholarly journals PSXIV-39 Use of flamocycin, narasin and salinomycin on performance of Nellore yearling bulls fed with high forage diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 433-433
Author(s):  
Arnaldo C Limede ◽  
Daniel M Polizel ◽  
Alexandre A Miszura ◽  
André S Martins ◽  
José P R Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Forage

Abstract The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of different feed additives on performance of yearling bulls fed a high forage diet. One hundred and sixty-four Nellore (Bos indicus) yearling bulls were assigned to a complete randomized block design, according to of their initial body weight (BW) (298.95 ± 2.49; 10 pen/treatment; 4 animal/pen). Yearling bulls were fed daily and diets were composed of 96% of coastcross haylage and 4% of ground corn, used as the delivery vehicle for the additives. Once a day, the concentrate and forage were offered separately. The forage was offered after the entire consumption of the concentrate. The experimental diets consisted in: CON = Control (no feed additive); FLA = 3ppm of Flavomycin; NAR = 13ppm of Narasin; SAL = 20ppm of Salinomycin. The experimental period lasted 140 d and the yearling bulls were weighted at 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140 d, after a 14h feed and water restriction. The orts were recorded to determine the dry matter intake (DMI). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to generate individual means. Tukey test 5% was used for comparisons. There was a treatment effect on DMI (CON: 6.59b; FLA: 6.53b; NAR: 7.1a; SAL: 6.42b kg/d; SEM = 0.19; P &lt; 0.01), ADG (CON: 0.792b; FLA: 0.842b; NAR: 0.907a; SAL: 0.813b kg; SEM = 0.02; P &lt; 0.01) and final BW (CON: 408.27b; FLA: 411.36b; NAR: 424.69a; SAL: 407.91b kg; SEM = 2.56; P &lt; 0.01). There was no effect on feed efficiency (P = 0.41). In summary, the narasin inclusion increased DMI, ADG, and final BW in comparison with the other additives.

An evaluation of the effect of concentrate proportion of the diet during previous and present lactations on animal performance of two breeds of lactating dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Studies undertaken to evaluate long responses to concentrate feeding, normally assess the direct effects (i.e. the effects during the period of increased feeding). However in addition to the direct responses to concentrate feeding during the experimental period, it has been recognised that additional nutrients fed during one stage of lactation may result in improvements in animal performance in later lactation or in the subsequent lactation. Keadyet al. (2002) reported that the milk yield response to concentrate proportion in the diet differed between Holstein (HF) and Norwegian (NC) dairy cattle with responses of 1.4 and 0.8 kg corrected milk/kg concentrate dry matter (DM) respectively. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of concentrate proportion in the diet in the previous lactation on animal performance in the subsequent lactation. The effect of concentrate proportion in the diet on animal performance of HF and NC dairy cattle was also evaluated.

scholarly journals PSXII-32 Effects flavomycin, narasin and salinomycin on ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers fed high forage diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Arnaldo C Limede ◽  
Daniel M Polizel ◽  
Alexandre A Miszura ◽  
André S Martins ◽  
José P R Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Forage

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate three feed additives for rumen manipulation. Thirty-two rumen-fistulated animals were assigned to a completed randomized block design, according to their initial BW. Steers were fed with 99% of coastcross haylage and 1% of concentrate, used as vehicle for the additives. The forage and concentrate were offered separately, whereas the forage was offered after the entire consumption of the concentrate. The experimental diets consisted in: CON = Control (no feed additive); NAR = 13ppm of Narasin; SAL = 20ppm of Salinomycin; and FLA = 3ppm of Flavomycin. The experimental period lasted 140 d, divided on 5 periods of 28 d each. Rumen fluid was collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140, at 0, 6 and 12 hours after feeding and combined as a pool for SCFA analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Data obtained on d 0 were used as covariate. Tukey test 5% was used for comparisons. There was treatment effect on acetate (CON: 73.5ab; NAR: 73.0a; SAL: 73.9b and FLA: 73.6b mM/100mM, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.16), propionate (CON: 13.7b; NAR: 14.6a; SAL: 13.5b and FLA: 13.4b, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.11), butyrate (CON: 9.06a; NAR: 8.64b; SAL: 8.72ab and FLA: 8.96ab, P = 0.02; SEM = 0.10), isovalerate (CON: 1.51b; NAR: 1.61ab; SAL: 1.55ab and FLA: 1.67b, P = 0.03; SEM = 0.04) and ac:prop ratio (CON: 5.39a; NAR: 4.99b; SAL: 5.49a and FLA: 5.4a, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.05). Therefore, narasin improves energetic efficiency of ruminal fermentation compared to other additives.

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