Effects of different doses of sodium monensin on feeding behaviour, dry matter intake variation and selective consumption of feedlot Nellore cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murillo C. S. Pereira ◽  
Tássia V. B. Carrara ◽  
Juliana da Silva ◽  
Diego P. Silva ◽  
Daniel H. M. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Feeding Efficiency ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Different Doses

The experiment was designed to determine the effects of different doses of sodium monensin (MON) on feeding behaviour, dry matter intake (DMI) variation and selective consumption of feedlot Nellore cattle. The experiment was a randomised complete block design, replicated 12 times, in which 60 20-month-old yearling Nellore bulls (402.52 ± 33.0 kg) were fed the following different doses of MON (expressed in mg per kg, on a DM basis) in individual pens for 84 days: 0, 9, 18, 27 and 36. The adaptation program consisted of ad libitum feeding of two adaptation diets over a period of 14 days with concentrate level increasing from 68% to 84% of diet DM. Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic relationships between doses of MON and the dependent variable. As the dose of MON increased, the time spent ruminating (P < 0.01), feeding efficiency of DM (P < 0.05) and feeding efficiency of neutral detergent fibre (NDF; P < 0.05) were affected linearly during the period of adaptation. For the finishing period, as the dose of MON increased, time spent eating and ruminating, and feeding efficiency of DM were affected quadratically (P < 0.05), in which animals fed 9 ppm of MON presented better feeding efficiency of DM. Thus, as animals fed 9 ppm of MON presented better feeding efficiency of DM and NDF during the adaptation and finishing periods, it should be the dose of choice for feedlot Nellore cattle.

Effects of different doses of sodium monensin on rumen papillae and tissue histology of feedlot Nellore cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murillo C. S. Pereira ◽  
Tássia V. B. Carrara ◽  
Juliana da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina J. Pinto ◽  
Daniel V. F. Vicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Tissue Histology ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Different Doses

The experiment was designed to determine the effects of different doses of sodium monensin (MON) on rumen papillae and tissue histology of feedlot Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomised block, replicated 12 times, in which 60 20-month-old yearling Nellore bulls (402.52 ± 33.0 kg) were fed in individual pens for 84 days according to the following doses of MON expressed in ppm (on a dry-matter basis): 0, 9, 18, 27 and 36. The adaptation program consisted of ad libitum feeding of two adaptation diets over a period of 14 days, with concentrate level increasing from 68% to 84% of diet dry matter. Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic relationships between doses of MON and the dependent variable. No significant (P > 0.10) MON effect was observed for number of papillae, mean papillae area, papillae area as a percentage of absorptive surface and rumenitis incidence. However, as the dose of MON increased, the absorptive surface area, papillae surface area and mitotic index were affected (P < 0.05) cubically, in which animals fed 9 and 36 ppm presented larger absorptive surface area and greater number of cells in mitosis. Thus, based on the results, feeding of MON affected rumen papillae and tissue histology of feedlot Nellore cattle. The doses of 9 or 36 ppm of MON should be considered as the most feasible options, because they promote better development of rumen epithelium.

Impacts of adding functional oils or sodium monensin in high-concentrate diets on performance, feeding behaviour and rumen morphometrics of finishing Nellore cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
A. C. B. Melo ◽  
M. C. S. Pereira ◽  
A. L. N. Rigueiro ◽  
D. D. Estevam ◽  
A. F. Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
State University ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Functional Oils ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThis study, conducted at the São Paulo State University feedlot, Dracena campus, Brazil, was designed as a completely randomized block with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of adding functional oils (FO) or sodium monensin (MON) on feedlot performance, carcass traits, feeding behaviour and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle. Ninety-six 20-mo-old Nellore bulls (365.52 ± 39.19 kg) were randomly allocated to 24 pens (n = 4/pen), which were assigned to the treatments: (1) Control (no feed additives); (2) FO (500 ppm); (3) MON (27 ppm); and (4) MON + FO (27 + 500 ppm, respectively). Each treatment was replicated 6 times, and cattle were fed for 105 days. From 0 to 28 days on feed, cattle fed FO had lower dry matter intake (DMI) variation, sorted for medium particles and presented smaller papillae width. The feeding of FO did not negatively impact feedlot performance overall. When MON was added to the diet, cattle had lower DMI overall and 12th rib fat daily gain, and improved gain to feed ratio. The addition of MON to diets improved feedlot performance but reduced the rate of carcass fat deposition. The few effects observed when FO was added to diets were not sufficient to impact feedlot performance.

Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

scholarly journals Doses of limestone, phosphorus and potassium on the initial development of Anacardium humile seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lucas Ferreira de Morais ◽  
Wendy Carniello Ferreira ◽  
Francielly Rodrigues Gomes ◽  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Daniela Pereira Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of limestone, phosphorus, and potassium on the initial development of Anacardium humile (Cajuzinho-do-cerrado) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A randomized block design was adopted in a 3x4x4 factorial scheme (liming x phosphorus x potassium doses). The treatments consisted of three liming doses (0; 40; and 70% of base saturation), four doses of potassium chloride with 60% of K2O (0; 60; 120; and 180 kg ha-1), and four doses of triple superphosphate with 46% of P2O5 (0; 80; 160; and 240 kg ha-1), with six replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: stem diameter (SD), plant height (PH), root length (RL), shoot dry matter (SDM), and root dry matter (RDM). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). It was concluded that there was no influence of phosphorus doses on the initial development of A. humile seedlings and that there was a response to the association between liming and potassium chloride in vegetative growth.

scholarly journals PSXII-18 The influence of molybdenum in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of molybdenum and copper in beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 423-424
Author(s):  
Meghan P Thorndyke ◽  
Nicole M Tillquist ◽  
Nicole M Jones ◽  
Terry Engle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intake Control

Abstract Twelve Angus steers (BW 694.1 ± 47.4 kg) fitted ruminal cannulae were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of Mo and copper (Cu). Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.5% CP; 0.13% S, 3.4 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg) for 14 d. Steers were then housed in individual metabolism stalls for 3 d to determine DMI. Steers were then blocked by BW and DMI and randomly assigned within block to one of three treatments (n = 4 steers per treatment). Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo); 2) 5.0 mg Mo/kg DM from sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo-diet), and 3) 1.5 mg Mo/l from sodium molybdate dihydrate delivered in the drinking water (Mo-water). After the 3d DMI determination period, total fecal and urine output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter intake and DM digestibility were similar across treatments. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model (PROC MIXED, SAS) for a completely randomized block design. Apparent absorption of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control and Mo-water steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Apparent retention of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Steers receiving Mo-water had a similar apparent retention of Cu when compared to Control and Mo-diet steers. By design, treatment was a significant (P &lt; 0.01) source of variation for Mo intake. Control steers had lesser (P &lt; 0.05) Mo intake when compared to Mo-diet and Mo-water supplemented steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Mo were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Mo-diet steers compared to Control and Mo-water steers. These data indicate that Mo metabolism and apparent absorption of Cu are different when Mo is supplemented in water relative to feed.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of prediction equations for methane emission from Nellore cattle Dry matter intake (DMI

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42559
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lucila Pires Sobrinho ◽  
Renata Helena Branco ◽  
Elaine Magnani ◽  
Alexandre Berndt ◽  
Roberta Carrilho Canesin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Nellore Cattle

  

scholarly journals Performance and behavior of dairy calves fed diets containing milk and citric flavor agents

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvane Barcelos Carlotto ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Julio Viégas ◽  
David Arthur Stiles ◽  
Alexandre Mossate Gabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Abdominal Perimeter

While young ruminants prefer milk aroma and researches about this theme are being developed, the use of citric aroma, very appetized for older ruminants, are low utilized to young animals. This work aims to compare the influence of milk and citric flavor agents on the diets of nursing dairy calves. In this trial, 12 animals of Holstein breed were distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments (concentrate without flavor agent, concentrate with milk flavor or citrus flavor, and concentrate with milk plus citrus flavor agent) and three repetitions. The parameters evaluated were: concentrate dry matter intake (CDMI), hay dry matter (HDMI), milk dry matter intake (MDMI) and total dry matter intake (TDMI), average weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion (FC), initial (IBW) and final body weight (FBW), initial thoracic perimeter (ITP) and final thoracic perimeter (FTP), initial abdominal perimeter (IAP) and final abdominal perimeter (FAP), initial withers height (IWH) and final withers height (FWH) and animal behavior. The CDMI, HDMI and TDMI, as well as IBW, FBW, ITP, FTP, IAP, FAP, IWH and FWH did not show differences (P>0.05). The averages daily gain and feed conversion showed no differences, with means of 0.55 kg/animal and 2.09, respectively. The diets did not affect animal behavior parameters (P>0.05).

scholarly journals PSIV-3 Effect of winter-feeding system and roughage level in feedlot ration on subsequent spring grazing behavior and dry matter intake of beef growing heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
María Victoria Burjel ◽  
Alvaro Simeone ◽  
Oscar Bentancur ◽  
Natalia Zabalveytia ◽  
Virginia Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Winter Feeding

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of winter-feeding system (grazing, GFS vs. feedlot, FFS) and ration roughage level (RL), on subsequent spring grazing behavior and forage dry matter intake (DMI). Thirty-two Hereford female calves (149 ± 13 kg) were assigned to four winter dietary treatments (110 days) in a randomized block design (n = 2/treatment): three feedlot rations differing RL (Setaria italica) (0%, 35% or 70% DM) or oats grazing (5 kg DM/100 kg LW). In spring (84 days) all treatments grazed a mixed grass-legume pastures (4317 ± 1009 kg DM/ha; 6 kg DM/100 kg LW). During weeks 1, 3 and 5 after changing diets, diurnal behavior activity (effective/search grazing, rumination, idling or water intake) was visually recorded and DMI estimated from the in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and fecal production. Data were analyzed according to a block design with repeated measures, with general model including block, treatment (T), week (W) and T×W effects. Means were compared through orthogonal contrasts (Table 1). Spring DMI varied with T (P = 0.0084) regardless of W effect (P = 0.1619), with higher values for GFS compared to FFS (1.55 vs. 1.16 kg/100 kg LW, P = 0.0034) and for 70RL compared to 35RL (P = 0.0286). DMD did not differ between treatments (P = 0.2488) but was lower on W1 than W5 (55 vs. 64 %, P = 0.0150). T×W was significant (P &lt; 0.0001) for effective grazing, rumination and idling. On W1, heifers from GFS grazed less (0.40 vs. 0.49, P = 0.0268) but tended to ruminate more (0.26 vs. 0.18, P = 0.0591) than FFS. As pasture DMD improved (W5) GFS grazed more (0.64 vs. 0.51, P = 0.0020) but ruminated less (0.14 vs. 0.21, P = 0.0450) than FFS. Transition from FFS to spring grazing might reduce pasture DMI modifying animal ingestive behavior compare to animals from GFS. Impact could be higher when ration RL is below 70%.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Extract in the Diet of Growing Lambs: Effects on Blood Parameters, Animal Performance, and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Richard R. Lobo ◽  
Rafaela Vincenzi ◽  
Danny A. Rojas-Moreno ◽  
Annelise A. G. Lobo ◽  
Caroline M. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Hematological Indices

This study aimed to evaluate levels of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME), as a feed additive in the diets of growing lambs on serum biochemical parameters and hematological indices, animal performance, body metrics and carcass traits. Thirty-six entire (nine per treatment), male growing lambs, weighing 23.8 ± 3.7 kg, were fed the experimental diets which were treatments consisting of increasing levels of YME (0, 1, 2, and 4% inclusion on a dry matter [DM] basis) during an experimental period of 53 days. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, which initial body weight was used as blocking factor and the results were analyzed by orthogonal contrasts (linear, quadratic, and cubic). Yerba mate extract did not change the general health status of the animals; however, inclusions of up to 2% of the extract increased globulins (p = 0.05) and white blood cell count, as segmented neutrophils (p = 0.02) and lymphocytes (p = 0.04). Additionally, inclusion of up to 2% YME increased dry matter intake, final weight gain, total and daily gain (p < 0.05), also tended to increase ribeye area and reduce fat thickness (p < 0.10); however, YME above 2% of inclusion reduced animal productive parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, levels up to 2% of YME were beneficial to the health and productive parameters of growing lambs.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of massai grass fertilized with phosphorus and nitrogen and its influence on intake and weight gain of sheep under rotational grazing on quartzipsamment soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Thais Valéria Souza Silva ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Sousa ◽  
Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira ◽  
Rebeca Rocha Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of phosphate and nitrogen fertilization on aspects of forage composition and ruminal fermentation were separately evaluated pre- and post-grazing, in addition to the dry matter intake and weight gain of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai under a rotational system on Quartzipsamment soil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different levels of phosphorous (50 and 200 kg P2O5/ha) and nitrogen (100 and 400 kg N/ha) compared to unfertilized control soil. The experiment was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a factorial 2 × 2 design. The study area consisted of 32 paddocks (301 m²), each of which had previously been sown with Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental area was managed under intermittent stocking with a variable stocking rate. Twenty-eight crossbreed sheep were used for grazing management. Evaluations were made before and after grazing, including forage evaluation and measurement of ruminal degradability and intake (using titanium dioxide as the external marker). Regarding the forage composition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the control and fertilizer treatments for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, lignin and phosphorous content. Fertilization was found to alter the nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Massai grass. Among the nutritional aspects evaluated, fertilization influenced NDF, grass digestibility and dry matter intake. The forage composition of Massai grass is improved by fertilization with nitrogen at 100 kg N/ha and phosphate up to 50 kg P2O5/ha, which represents a relevant management practice for increasing quantity and quality.

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