scholarly journals PSXII-32 Effects flavomycin, narasin and salinomycin on ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers fed high forage diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Arnaldo C Limede ◽  
Daniel M Polizel ◽  
Alexandre A Miszura ◽  
André S Martins ◽  
José P R Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Forage

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate three feed additives for rumen manipulation. Thirty-two rumen-fistulated animals were assigned to a completed randomized block design, according to their initial BW. Steers were fed with 99% of coastcross haylage and 1% of concentrate, used as vehicle for the additives. The forage and concentrate were offered separately, whereas the forage was offered after the entire consumption of the concentrate. The experimental diets consisted in: CON = Control (no feed additive); NAR = 13ppm of Narasin; SAL = 20ppm of Salinomycin; and FLA = 3ppm of Flavomycin. The experimental period lasted 140 d, divided on 5 periods of 28 d each. Rumen fluid was collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140, at 0, 6 and 12 hours after feeding and combined as a pool for SCFA analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Data obtained on d 0 were used as covariate. Tukey test 5% was used for comparisons. There was treatment effect on acetate (CON: 73.5ab; NAR: 73.0a; SAL: 73.9b and FLA: 73.6b mM/100mM, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.16), propionate (CON: 13.7b; NAR: 14.6a; SAL: 13.5b and FLA: 13.4b, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.11), butyrate (CON: 9.06a; NAR: 8.64b; SAL: 8.72ab and FLA: 8.96ab, P = 0.02; SEM = 0.10), isovalerate (CON: 1.51b; NAR: 1.61ab; SAL: 1.55ab and FLA: 1.67b, P = 0.03; SEM = 0.04) and ac:prop ratio (CON: 5.39a; NAR: 4.99b; SAL: 5.49a and FLA: 5.4a, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.05). Therefore, narasin improves energetic efficiency of ruminal fermentation compared to other additives.

scholarly journals PSXIV-39 Use of flamocycin, narasin and salinomycin on performance of Nellore yearling bulls fed with high forage diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 433-433
Author(s):  
Arnaldo C Limede ◽  
Daniel M Polizel ◽  
Alexandre A Miszura ◽  
André S Martins ◽  
José P R Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Forage

Abstract The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of different feed additives on performance of yearling bulls fed a high forage diet. One hundred and sixty-four Nellore (Bos indicus) yearling bulls were assigned to a complete randomized block design, according to of their initial body weight (BW) (298.95 ± 2.49; 10 pen/treatment; 4 animal/pen). Yearling bulls were fed daily and diets were composed of 96% of coastcross haylage and 4% of ground corn, used as the delivery vehicle for the additives. Once a day, the concentrate and forage were offered separately. The forage was offered after the entire consumption of the concentrate. The experimental diets consisted in: CON = Control (no feed additive); FLA = 3ppm of Flavomycin; NAR = 13ppm of Narasin; SAL = 20ppm of Salinomycin. The experimental period lasted 140 d and the yearling bulls were weighted at 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140 d, after a 14h feed and water restriction. The orts were recorded to determine the dry matter intake (DMI). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to generate individual means. Tukey test 5% was used for comparisons. There was a treatment effect on DMI (CON: 6.59b; FLA: 6.53b; NAR: 7.1a; SAL: 6.42b kg/d; SEM = 0.19; P < 0.01), ADG (CON: 0.792b; FLA: 0.842b; NAR: 0.907a; SAL: 0.813b kg; SEM = 0.02; P < 0.01) and final BW (CON: 408.27b; FLA: 411.36b; NAR: 424.69a; SAL: 407.91b kg; SEM = 2.56; P < 0.01). There was no effect on feed efficiency (P = 0.41). In summary, the narasin inclusion increased DMI, ADG, and final BW in comparison with the other additives.

scholarly journals Quantitative studies of food protein degradation and the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep given chopped lucerne and rolled barley

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Mathers ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Outflow Rate

1. In a randomized block design, four sheep were given 800 g daily of diets containing: chopped lucerne (L), chopped lucerne–rolled barley (2:1; LB), rolled barley–chopped lucerne (2:1; BL), rolled barley (B); each diet was supplemented with minerals, vitamins and urea as considered necessary. Chromic oxide was included in the diets as a flow marker.2. Flows of organic matter (OM) and non-ammonia-nitrogen (NAN) to the small intestine (SI) were measured and microbial protein was identified by a35S-incorporation procedure.3. OM disappearance in the rumen increased linearly with increasing inclusion of barley in the diet but there was no significant change in microbial NAN flow to the SI so that the yield of microbial NAN (g)/kg fermented OM (FOM) decreased from 29.6 (diet L) to 22.7 (diet B). Changes in the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis appeared to be unrelated to alterations in rumen fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions or in rumen fluid dilution rate (D).4. The degradability of dietary protein (non-urea-N), estimated using the35S procedure, was 0.72, 0.76, 0.86 and 0.86 for diets L, LB, BL and B respectively. Similar values were obtained from concurrent polyester-bag experiments when the fractional outflow rate of undergraded protein from the rumen (k) was assumed to be 0.046.

scholarly journals Changes in ruminal fermentation and mineral serum level in animals kept in high temperature environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Saladini Vieira Salles ◽  
Marcus Antonio Zanetti ◽  
Fernando André Salles ◽  
Evaldo Antonio Lencioni Titto ◽  
Renata Maria Consentino Conti
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Zinc Levels

In order to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature on ruminal fermentation and on mineral levels of growing ruminants, it was used 12 male calves (initial average weight 82.9 ± 7.7 kg, 100 days of age), were employed in a randomized block design (by weight) experiment, with repeated weight measurement and two environmental temperatures: thermoneutral (24ºC) and heat-stressed (33ºC), during 38 days. The animals exposed to 33ºC presented lower dry matter ingestion, lower T3 (triiodothyronine) serum level, higher ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) level in the rumen liquid, and higher rectal and body temperatures during all the experimental period when compared to the animals kept in thermoneutral environment (24ºC). The animals kept under heat stress environment (33ºC) presented higher calcium serum level, which was the highest on 31st day and the lowest on the 38th day of the experiment; phosphorus level was the lowest during all the experimental period; sodium level was lower on the 17th, 31st and 38th experimental days. Potassium and zinc levels were lower after 24 days; copper level was lower until the 24th day; magnesium level was higher until the 17th day, if compared to the ones from the animals kept in thermoneutral environment (24ºC). The heat-stressed animals presented higher levels of ammoniacal nitrogen in the ruminal liquid and a decrease in the phosphorus, sodium, potassium and zinc serum levels. These results show the necessity of changes on feed management to ruminants in temperatures over the thermal comfort limits so that performance loss is decreased.

scholarly journals Effects of supplementation with narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin on performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus Nellore cattle fed with forage-based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Cintra Limede ◽  
Rodrigo S Marques ◽  
Daniel Montanher Polizel ◽  
Bruno Ieda Cappellozza ◽  
Alexandre Arantes Miszura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nellore Cattle

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin for 140 d on ruminal fermentation parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and performance of Nellore cattle offered a forage-based diet. In experiment 1, 32 rumen-cannulated Bos indicus Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 220 ± 12.6 kg] were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) forage-based diet without feed additives (CON; n = 8), (2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin (NAR; n = 8), (3) CON diet plus 20 ppm of salinomycin (SAL; n = 8), or (4) CON diet plus 3 ppm of flavomycin (FLA; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 140 d and was divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. The inclusion of feed additives did not impact (P ≥ 0.17) dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient intake, and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. Nonetheless, steers fed NAR had lower (P < 0.01) molar proportion of acetate compared with CON, SAL, and FLA steers, whereas ruminal acetate tended to be greater (P < 0.09) for SAL vs. CON and FLA, but did not differ (P = 0.68) between CON vs. FLA steers. Ruminal propionate was the highest (P < 0.01) for steers fed NAR and did not differ (P > 0.20) between CON, SAL, and FLA. Consequently, NAR steers had the lowest (P < 0.01) Ac:Pr ratio, whereas Ac:Pr did not differ (P > 0.18) among CON, SAL, and FLA. Total volatile fatty acids were greater (P < 0.04) for NAR and CON vs. SAL and FLA, but did not differ (P > 0.67) among NAR vs. CON and SAL vs. FLA. In experiment 2, 164 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk BW = 299 ± 2.5 kg) were assigned to feedlot pens for 140 d in a randomized complete block design. Within block (n = 10), animals were randomly assigned to the same treatments used in experiment 1. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) in NAR vs. CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, and did not differ (P > 0.12) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Bulls fed NAR had greater (P < 0.02) DMI (as kg/d or % BW) and final shrunk BW compared with CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, whereas DMI and final shrunk BW did not differ (P > 0.26) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Feed efficiency, however, was not impacted (P = 0.51) by any feed additives used herein. Collectively, narasin was the only feed additive that benefited performance and ruminal fermentation of Nellore animals fed a forage-based diet.

scholarly journals PSXII-33 Effects of feed additives on performance of yearling bulls fed high forage diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 425-425
Author(s):  
Alexandre A Miszura ◽  
Daniel M Polizel ◽  
José P R Barroso ◽  
André S Martins ◽  
Gabriela B Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three additives (narasin, lasalocid, and virginiamycin) on the performance of bulls fed a high-forage diet. One hundred and sixty Nellore (Bos indicus) yearling bulls were assigned to a randomized completed block design, according to initial BW (212.5 kg ± 3.1; 10 pen/treatment; 4 animals/pen). Yearling bulls were fed daily and diets were composed of 96% of coastcross haylage (12% CP) and 4% of concentrate, used as the delivery vehicle for the additives. Once a day, the concentrate and forage were offered separately. The forage was offered after the entire consumption of the concentrate. The experimental diets consisted of CON: Control (no additives); NAR: 13 ppm of narasin; LAS: 20 ppm of lasalocid; and VIR: 20 ppm of virginiamycin. The experimental period lasted 140 d and the yearling bulls were individually weighed at d 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 e 140 after 14h of feed and water restriction. The orts were recorded to determine the DMI. Data were analyzed as repeated measures over time using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to generate individual means. There was a treatment effect on DMI (CON: 5.26b: NAR: 5.69a; LAS: 5.16b; VIR: 5.11b kg/d; SEM = 0.14; P = 0.03), ADG (CON: 0.451b; NAR: 0.557a: LAS: 0.498ab; VIR:0.459b kg; SEM = 0.03; P = 0.04), FE (0.080c, 0.095a, 0.092ab and 0.085bc; SEM = 0.0044; P = 0.05) and final BW (CON: 273.9b; NAR: 287.8a; LAS: 277.1b; VIR: 275.7b kg SEM = 3.4; P = 0.03). In conclusion, the inclusion of 13 ppm of narasin improves the performance of yearling bulls fed high-forage diets.

PSVII-15 Effects of electrolyzed reduced water on intake, digestion and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
Natasha L Bell ◽  
Daisy A Gonzalez ◽  
Kendrah DeLeon
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Electrolyzed Reduced Water

Abstract The effect of electrolyzed reduced water consumption by cattle is not well defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrolyzed reduced water on intake, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), ORP and pH in four ruminally cannulated steers (4 Bos taurus; 317 kg BW). Steers were subjected to a two period (14 d), two treatment crossover design. Treatment included: 1) standard water (CON; pH = 7.0 ± 1.0) or 2) electrolyzed reduced water (ERW; pH = 9.0 ± 1.0). The project comprised of two studies where the effects of ERW were observed for steers consuming a roughage diet (phase 1) or concentrate diet (phase 2). During Phase 1, animals were provided bermudagrass hay ad libitum. A 14 d transition period followed phase 1 to allow transition of diets. In phase 2, animals were maintained on a concentrate diet. During each period, d 1–8 served as a treatment adaptation phase, d 9–13 allowed for measures of intake and digestion, and rumen fluid was collected at h 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 after feeding on d 14 for VFA, pH and ORP analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation parameters were not different for CON vs ERW steers (P ≥ 0.06). Analysis of VFA data have not been finalized and will be reported later. Results indicate that ERW has no effect on intake, digestion or ruminal fermentation parameters of steers consuming roughage or concentrate diets.

PSVII-14 Feeding carbohydrases to grazing beef cattle under different nutritional strategies on dry season: Ruminal fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 449-450
Author(s):  
Anderson Acosta ◽  
Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽  
Alexandre Perdigão ◽  
Victor Valério de Carvalho ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Abstract The aim with this trial was to evaluate two nutritional plans with the addition of carbohydrases enzyme blend (CEB) on ruminal fermentation of grazing Nellore bulls in dry season. Five rumen cannulated Nellore steers (BW = 350 kg) were used. Animals were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence in a 5×5 Latin square experiment with 15 d-periods (10 d to diet adaptation and 5 d for data collection), following a completely randomized design, being the treatments: mineral-proteic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico 35; PS) offered at 0,1% BW (0 or 4.75 g/animal/day of CEB) or mineral-protein-energetic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico-Energético 25; PES) offered at 0.3% BW (0, 4.75 or 9.50 g/animal/day of CEB). The CEB was mainly composed by beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes (Ronozyme® VP and Ronozyme® WX). Both enzymes and supplements were provided by DSM Nutritional Products Brasil S.A. Rumen fluid samples were collected on the last day of each experimental period before (0), and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after supplements were offered. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Steers fed PSE had greater (P ≤ 0.041) rumen concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and lower (P = 0.028) acetate to propionate ratio in comparison with animals fed PS. Rumen acetate concentrations were 61.6 and 58.8 mmol/L and rumen propionate concentrations were 15.2 and 13.7 mmol/L for animals under the PSE and PS, respectively. A quadratic effect (P = 0.048) for carbohydrases enzyme blend was observed in NH3-N ruminal concentration of PES animals, where 4.75 g/day level presented the lower concentrations compared to control (24.13 vs. 32.20 mg/dL). Furthermore, rumen concentrations of acetate (P = 0.002) and propionate (P = 0.021) linearly increased with enzymes inclusion for PSE plan. PSE nutritional strategy positively influence ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers in dry season and its effects can be enhanced with CEB inclusion of 4.75 g/day.

A comparative study of non-protein nitrogen supplements for sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
R. A. Evans ◽  
R. F. E. Axford
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Gross Energy

SummaryA basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with equi-nitrogenous amounts of either ammonium lactate, ammonium acetate or urea was fed to four re-entrant cannulated sheep in a randomized block design.Collections of duodenal digesta were carried out automatically for a continuous period of 4 days following a 10-day equilibration period for each sheep on each diet.Supplementation with non-protein nitrogen increased the passage of total amino acids to the duodenum and increased the proportion attributed to microbial protein. It improved pre-duodenal digestibility of modified acid-detergent fibre and increased post-abomasal digestibility of non-ammonia nitrogen, dry matter and gross energy.Supplementation with non-protein nitrogen increased the energetic efficiency of microbial protein production in the rumen.Ammonium lactate and acetate were safe and effective sources of non-protein nitrogen for dietary supplementation.Supplementation with ammonium lactate led to a greater passage of microbial protein to the duodenum than did equi-nitrogenous supplements of urea or ammonium acetate.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Extract in the Diet of Growing Lambs: Effects on Blood Parameters, Animal Performance, and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Richard R. Lobo ◽  
Rafaela Vincenzi ◽  
Danny A. Rojas-Moreno ◽  
Annelise A. G. Lobo ◽  
Caroline M. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Hematological Indices

This study aimed to evaluate levels of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME), as a feed additive in the diets of growing lambs on serum biochemical parameters and hematological indices, animal performance, body metrics and carcass traits. Thirty-six entire (nine per treatment), male growing lambs, weighing 23.8 ± 3.7 kg, were fed the experimental diets which were treatments consisting of increasing levels of YME (0, 1, 2, and 4% inclusion on a dry matter [DM] basis) during an experimental period of 53 days. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, which initial body weight was used as blocking factor and the results were analyzed by orthogonal contrasts (linear, quadratic, and cubic). Yerba mate extract did not change the general health status of the animals; however, inclusions of up to 2% of the extract increased globulins (p = 0.05) and white blood cell count, as segmented neutrophils (p = 0.02) and lymphocytes (p = 0.04). Additionally, inclusion of up to 2% YME increased dry matter intake, final weight gain, total and daily gain (p < 0.05), also tended to increase ribeye area and reduce fat thickness (p < 0.10); however, YME above 2% of inclusion reduced animal productive parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, levels up to 2% of YME were beneficial to the health and productive parameters of growing lambs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sunflower meal on growth and carcass traits of finishing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas de Carvalho Carellos ◽  
José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Hunaldo Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Performance Trial

With the objective to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of inclusion of sunflower meal (SFM) solvent extraction (DM: 92.71%, CP: 27.50%, NDF: 43.57%, ADF: 32.96%, CF: 25.91%, EE: 3,08% and GE: 4390 kcal) on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine, a performance trial was conducted in the Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Lavras - MG. A total of 80 crossbred pigs (LD x LW) with initial weight of 62.20 ± 4.21 kg were utilized, one barrow and one gilt per experimental unit, allocated in a randomized block design. The treatments were represented by five diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%) of SFM. At the end of the experimental period, all pigs were slaughtered (99.80 ± 6.91kg) and submitted to the carcass evaluation by the Brazilian Method of Carcass Evaluation (ABCS, 1973). The increasing levels of SFM shown a linear reduction (P<0.05) in the feed intake, therefore all other variables, shown any significant effect. The carcass data evaluation also shown any significant effect (P>0.05) for any increasing levels of SFM in the diets, however, sex effect was found, in the barrows, which shown higher ETM, P2, AG and RCG and lower AOL in relation to the females In conclusion Sunflower meal should be included up to 16% in pig diet (isocaloric and isolysinic, basis ) with no major effects on growth performance or carcass traits of finishing pigs.

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