scholarly journals Serum Concentrations of Essential Trace and Toxic Elements in Healthy and Disease-Affected Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Yolanda Cedeño ◽  
Marta Miranda ◽  
Inmaculada Orjales ◽  
Carlos Herrero-Latorre ◽  
Maruska Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Element Concentrations

This study was designed (i) to establish reference ranges for the essential trace element and background levels of toxic element exposure in the healthy/normal dog population, and (ii) to evaluate whether trace element concentrations vary in dogs suffering from different pathologies. Blood serum samples were collected from 187 healthy and diseased dogs at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (northwest Spain). The samples were acid digested, and the concentrations of trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This enabled us to establish reference ranges for the essential trace elements and the level of toxic element exposure in dogs, and to identify several clinical situations associated with variations in trace elements in serum. Relative to concentrations in healthy control dogs, statistically significant differences were observed in the concentrations of Cu (significantly higher in hepatic, inflammatory/infectious and oncological categories), Mo (significantly higher in renal category), Se (significantly lower in gastrointestinal category) and Zn (significantly lower in gastrointestinal, inflammatory/infectious and renal categories). Trace element concentrations can be a cause or consequence of disease, and the study findings indicate that trace element determination in serum provides useful information on the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Further research on the serum concentrations of trace elements, particularly in relation to other biochemical parameters and diagnostic tools, may provide valuable information for the diagnosis of diseases in dogs and the disease prognosis.

Trace element concentrations in patients on home enteral feeding: two cases of severe copper deficiency

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Oliver ◽  
KR Allen ◽  
J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Copper

Background: Enteral feeding is the fastest growing area of artificial nutrition, with the annual rate of growth being estimated at 20-25% a year. Previous studies have demonstrated trace element deficiencies in patients on long-term home enteral nutrition (HEN). Methods: The trace elements zinc, selenium, copper and manganese were measured in blood samples from 37 patients on HEN using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: Plasma zinc concentrations (range 7.4-14.4 µmol/L) were below the reference range (12.6-22.0 µmol/L) in 30 patients, plasma selenium concentrations (range 0.73-1.76 µmol/L) were below the reference range (0.8-2.0 µmol/L) in only one patient. Whole blood manganese (range 74-309 nmol/L) and plasma manganese (range 13-51 nmol/L) were above both respective reference ranges (73-210 nmol/L and 9-24 nmol/L) in four patients. Two patients showed severely low plasma copper concentrations of 2.4 µmol/L and 2.5 µmol/L, and responded to treatment with extra copper supplementation. Conclusion: Although enteral feeds contain adequate concentrations of trace elements, problems with bioavailability may occur and patients receiving long-term enteral feeding should be monitored with regard to plasma trace element concentrations.

scholarly journals The stability of major and trace element concentrations from musts to Champagne during the production process

OENO One ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Robin Cellier ◽  
Sylvain Berail ◽  
Ekaterina Epova ◽  
Julien Barre ◽  
Fanny Claverie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
The Stability

Thirty-nine Champagnes from six different brands originating from the AOC Champagne area were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations in the context of their production processes and in relation to their geographical origins. Inorganic analyses were performed on the must (i.e., grape juice) originating from different AOC areas and the final Champagne. The observed elemental concentrations displayed a very narrow range of variability. Typical concentrations observed in Champagne are expressed in mg/L for elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Fe, A, and Mn. They are expressed in µg/L for trace elements such as Sr, Rb, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb Cr and Li in decreasing order of concentrations. This overall homogeneity was observed for Sr and Rb in particular, which showed a very narrow range of concentrations (150 < Rb < 300 µg/L and 150 < Sr < 350 µg/L) in Champagne. The musts contained similar levels of concentration but showed slightly higher variability since they are directly influenced by the bedrock, which is quite homogenous in the AOC area being studied. Besides the homogeneity of the bedrock, the overall stability of the concentrations recorded in the samples can also be directly linked to the successive blending steps, both at the must level and prior to the final bottling. A detailed analysis of the main additives, sugar, yeast and bentonite, during the Champagne production process, did not show a major impact on the elemental signature of Champagne.

scholarly journals Atomic absorption spectrometry in wine analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Irina Karadjova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Separation And Preconcentration

This article reviews methods for the determination and identification of trace elements in wine by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Wine is one of the most widely consumed beverages and strict analytical control of trace elements content is required during the whole process of wine production from grape to the final product. Levels of trace elements in wine are important from both points of view: organoleptic – Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations are directly related to the destabilization and oxidative evolution of wines, and toxicological – toxic elements content should be under the allowable limit, wine identification. The identification of metals in wine is subject of increasing interest since complexation may reduce their toxicity and bioavailability. AAS is one of widely used methods for routine analytical control of wine quality recommended by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. Two main approaches – preliminary sample digestion and direct instrumental measurement combined with AAS for trace element determination in wines are reviewed and discussed. Procedures for various sample pretreatments, for trace element separation and preconcentration are presented. Advances in metal identification studies in wines based on AAS are presented.

Isotopic Signatures and Trace Elements Concentrations in Breast Feathers of Male Caspian Terns and Double Crested Cormorants

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Flood
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Local Exposure ◽  
Caspian Tern

Migratory fish-eating birds occupy the highest trophic positions of aquatic ecosystems and as such serve as invaluable end-point indicators of the presence and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic contaminants. The birds’ main route of contaminant exposure is through food consumption. Migration can complicate this pathway by introducing numerous feeding habitats and thus, potential sources of contamination. Birds possess a number of depuration mechanisms that permit them to reduce their contaminant burden, namely the elimination of metals and mercury (Hg) through their feathers, feces and eggs. Trace element concentrations found in the feathers reflect the contaminants circulating in the body at the time of feather growth, representing local exposure and potential mobilization from internal tissues. Molt schedules and patterns are important considerations when selecting feathers to link feeding ecology with contaminants, as migratory birds’ feathers grow on and represent different sites. Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen isotopes (δD) can reveal feeding ecology and habitat use during their annual cycle. Consequently, anthropogenic and natural sources of metal accumulation can be linked to those ecological variables. This study will examine the assimilation of trace element in male Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) and Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) breast feathers grown on wintering sites and stable isotope signatures will be used to determine origin of contaminants. The aims for this study are to determine (i) whether isotopic signatures of feathers grown on wintering sites can explain variations in feather trace element concentrations, (ii) whether isotopes can determine the source of contamination, and (iii) whether differences in trace elements between individuals are determined by location of wintering ground or species.

scholarly journals Influence of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles deposition on a stainless steel furnace used for trace element determination by TS-FF-AAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1551-1557
Author(s):  
G. Carrone ◽  
D. Onna ◽  
E. Morzan ◽  
R. Candal ◽  
Y. S. Minaberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Furnace Wall ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Trace Element Determination ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Steel Furnace ◽  
Nanoparticle Coatings

Improvement of the analytical performance of TS-FF-AAS, for determination of trace elements (Ag, Cd, Pb and Se) in different matrices, by using nanoparticle coatings over the inner furnace wall.

Trace Element Concentrations in Commercially Available Solutions

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Hoffmann ◽  
Daniel M. Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Hyperalimentation ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Long Term Therapy

The use of trace-elements in intravenous hyperalimentation solutions has been recommended for long-term therapy. Very little information is available concerning the presence of these nutrients as contaminants in commercially available solutions. In view of this, the concentrations of copper and zinc were measured in twenty solutions by atomic absorption. The results indicate that the amounts present may be significant in certain solutions.

PIXE ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN CLAM SHELLS MARKED WITH IRON RUSTING

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHINORI KOSHIKAWA ◽  
NOBUAKI ARAI ◽  
WATARU SAKAMOTO ◽  
KOJI YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Pixe Method

Trace element concentrations in short necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum marked shells with iron rusting were determined by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method. Element such as Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, and Br were detected in the shells. The Fe/Ca X-ray intensity ratio decreased exponentially on the day after marking. It was concluded that the higher Fe concentration on marked clams was caused by attached iron rusting. The concentrations of Fe, Br, and Sr differed among the 3 stations (Kamaya, Shigaki, and Iwatani), suggesting that elemental concentrations may be related to the growth of clams.

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum Copper, Selenium and Zinc Concentrations Among the States of Glucose Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A319-A320
Author(s):  
Vishwanath Pattan ◽  
Maria Chang Villacreses ◽  
Rudruidee Karnchanasorn ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Raynald Samoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Trace element is essential for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism and the primary source of trace element is dietary intake. Among trace elements, the role of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in the pathogenesis of diabetes have been widely recognized. However, there is little information available about these 3 trace elements across the different states of glucose tolerance. We examined associations between serum levels of trace elements - Cu, Zn, and Se with various stages of glucose tolerance in a representative, cross-sectional sample of US adults. Our sample included 5,087 adults (≥20 years) with available serum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Se as well as states of glucose tolerance, defined by history, HbA1c, fasting, and 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations. Serum concentrations of trace elements were compared with glucose tolerance status with the consideration of covariates. Regression analyses was used to examine the relationship of trace elements with HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and BMI in non-diabetic subjects with the consideration of appropriate covariates. Serum Se (P&lt;0.0001) and Zn (P&lt;0.0001) concentrations differed significantly among 3 groups based on the states of glucose tolerance, while no difference was noted in serum Cu concentration. In non-diabetic subjects, serum Cu concentration was positively correlated with BMI (P&lt;0.0001) with a possible compensatory increased beta cell function (P=0.018). Serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with insulin resistance (P=0.016) but not with beta cell function or BMI. Serum Zn concertation was negatively correlated with beta cell function (P=0.0023) and BMI (P=0.018), but not with insulin resistance. We found that a higher serum concentration of trace elements was associated with negative glucose and fuel homeostasis in a non-deficiency population possibly through different mechanisms. Although the casual relationship remains to be elucidated, we recommend against trace element supplementation in a non-deficiency population.

scholarly journals Metals composition of the surface waters of the Southern Baikal region and its connection with landscape and geological conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-619
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Semenov ◽  
V. A. Snytko ◽  
Yu. M. Semenov ◽  
A. V. Silaev ◽  
L. N. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Water Migration ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Geological Conditions

The metal composition of water and bottom sediments of southern Lake Baikal tributaries was studied and the water migration coefficients for micro- and trace elements were calculated. The map showing the study area divided into zones according to their ability to provide the certain water quality was drawn. The significant differences in mineralization, macro- and trace element composition between Lake Baikal water and tributary waters were found out. It was shown that values of water migration coefficients calculated for macro elements are similar in southern and main tributaries whereas coefficient values calculated for trace elements are quite different. This is due to dissolved matter sources such as rocks and deep ground waters which chemical composition is not typical for landscapes of Lake Baikal basin. The contribution of southern tributaries to macro element composition of lake water is between 7 and 15%, whereas tributaries contribution to trace element composition can hardly be evaluated because of higher element concentrations in riverine waters. The lower trace element concentrations in lake water with respect to riverine one is due to trace element migration in the form of complex organic compounds: long water residence time in lake favors to organic compounds decay by means of microbial- and photo-degradation followed by metal precipitation.

scholarly journals Using amphipods as bioindicators of metal pollution in the marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Monique Francis Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Element Concentrations

<p>Heavy metals in the marine environment are a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, non-biodegradability and their ability to accumulate and magnify in organisms. Increased human activity has caused higher inputs of heavy metals, resulting in escalated pressures on delicate coastal ecosystems. A means of assessing the natural environment and how it is changing in response to pollution and other environmental degradation is through the use of biological indicator or biomonitor species. These organisms provide information on the bioavailability of metals present in the environment. In recent years amphipods, a diverse order of small crustaceans, have been increasingly used as bioindicators of disturbed aquatic communities. They are widespread and important components of many food webs, and likely to be frequently exposed to metal contamination through both sediment and seawater. The aim of this research was two-fold: 1) to use amphipods to examine variation across sites and species in concentration of 20+ trace elements and 2) to examine whether the uptake of two metals, copper (Cu) and neodymium (Nd), is mediated by the presence of the other metal or an elevated seawater temperature.  To investigate variation of trace element concentrations across sites, the amphipod Eusiroides monoculoides was collected from three sites in the Wellington region, approximately 5 km apart: Oriental Bay, Evans Bay and Point Halswell. To investigate differences amongst species comparisons were made between Eusiroides monoculoides, Apohyale papanuiensis and Sunamphitoe mixtura when they occurred at the same site. Analysing the trace element concentrations of 36 metals was done using an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). Overall, although these sites were not greatly distant from each other, there were differences among sites. Evans Bay in general had the highest concentration of trace elements. Further, there were also species-specific differences and S. mixtura was the species with the highest concentration of trace elements. There was also a size effect, where the average dry weight of S. mixtura was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  To assess the effects of heavy metals Cu and Nd in both an ambient (14 °C) and elevated (20 °C) temperature, an experiment was run at Victoria University’s Coastal Ecology Lab (VUCEL). Sand hoppers, Bellorchestia quoyana, were collected from a single site in Wellington (Scorching Bay) and assigned to eight treatments: ambient and warm controls in raw seawater and ambient and warm seawater doped with Cu, Nd and Cu and Nd together. Amphipods from treatments with Cu and Nd added had significantly higher concentrations of these metals from the controls, however temperature had no effect, and neither was there an interaction between the metals. Similar to S. mixtura from the field study, dry weight of B. quoyana was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  Results from this work demonstrate that when using amphipods as bioindicator species it is important to consider species and size specific effects. This thesis also provides baseline data for 20+ elements from three Wellington sites and demonstrates that there can be unexpected variation across relatively small spatial scales. The laboratory experiment did not yield results that coincided with the consensus of the literature. The experiment showed that at least in this case, temperature did not mediate the uptake of metals and there was a negative relationship between size and metal uptake.</p>

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