scholarly journals Milk Production, N Partitioning, and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows Grazing Mixed or Spatially Separated Simple and Diverse Pastures

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Carmona-Flores ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Troy Downing ◽  
Muhammet Sahin ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
High Quality ◽  
N Partitioning

Increasing pasture diversity and spatially separated sowing arrangements can potentially increase the dry matter intake of high-quality forages leading to improved animal production. This study investigated the effects of simple (two-species) and diverse (six-species) pastures planted either in mixed or spatially separated adjacent pasture strips on performance, N partitioning, and methane emission of dairy cows. Thirty-six mid-lactation Jersey cows grazed either (1) simple mixed, (2) simple spatially separated, (3) diverse mixed, or (4) diverse spatially separated pastures planted in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Compared to simple pasture, diverse pasture had lower CP content but higher condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds with an overall positive effect on yield of milk solids, nitrogen utilization, including a reduction of N output from urine, and methane yields per dry matter eaten. The spatial separation increased legume and CP content in simple pasture but decreased NDF in both diverse and simple pastures. In conclusion, increasing diversity using pasture species with higher nutritive value and secondary compounds can help improving the production while decreasing the environmental effect of dairy farming, while spatial separation had a minor effect on feed intake and yield, possibly due to overall high-quality pastures in early spring.

Hay supplements to overcome underfeeding of dairy cows. 2. Late lactation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ration Composition

The effect of hay supplementation on the performance of dairy cows on a restricted intake of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture was studied in two 21 -day periods in the eighth and ninth months of lactation. In each period, there were three groups fed pasture only at mean intakes of 15.2, 11.5 and 7.3 kg/cow day-1, two groups fed at similar pasture restriction levels and supplemented with hay ad libitum, and one further group fed an average of 7.3 kg of pasture supplemented with only 4.3 kg of hay. The data were analyzed by regression, using total dry matter intake as the dependent variable, and pseudovariables were used to examine the effects of hay feeding. The relations between total dry matter intake and milk, butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production, and change in body condition of dairy cows were not altered by ration composition. Milk production declined linearly by 0.66 kg and 0.31 kg/cow day-1 in the eight and ninth months of lactation, respectively, for each kg reduction in total dry matter intake. Similar responses were obtained for butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production. Gain in body condition of the cows also decreased as total intake fell, but the relation was curvilinear and not affected by stage of lactation. It was concluded that high quality hay can be used to overcome shortages of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture in autumn, and that it has similar. nutritive value to pasture in terms of milk production and body condition.

scholarly journals NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH AND DRIED MARROW-STEM KALE HARVESTED AT TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Three yearling Cheviot × Suffolk ewes and three Columbia wethers were confined in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum fresh and dried marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C.) harvested in mid- and late October. Chemical analyses of the forages indicated no marked effects on any of the plant constituents due to drying or advancing maturity. Digestibility measurements demonstrated that marrow-stem kale (MSK) was a highly digestible material with an average dry matter digestibility of 78%. The fresh forages had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility values than the dried form. Dry matter digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for late October as compared with the earlier harvest. A trend toward higher (P > 0.05) voluntary intake values due to drying maturity was observed with an average relative intake of 80%. The nutritive value index averaged 65, thus indicating a digestible energy intake similar to a high-quality (legume) forage.

scholarly journals Effect of stage of harvest on dry matter yield and nutritive value of lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and as fodder in Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
T. F. Mbahi ◽  
S. Maidadi ◽  
Z. A. Gworgwor ◽  
Y. Danladi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Biomass Yields

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of growth, biomas yieds and nutritive value of Lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and Mucuna pruriens under rain fed condition in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The field experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with the plot divided into three main plots and replicated three times measuring 5x5m with inter and intra row spacings of 0.5m. The five harvesting stages are 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. The growth in height increases with stage of growth and declined with reduction in rainfall. Higher growth were recorded in T3 (3.8 -354.8cm) followed by T2 (2.96-260.20cm) and then T1 (1.50-213.00cm) and the results were presented graphically. The result of the chemical composition of all the legumes showed that the crude protein decreases with stage of growth from weeks 6 -14 (14.40, 12.26, 10.65-10.08, 6.79, 6.49) and ADF and NDF (25.20, 32.15, 27.35-42.13, 40.33, 36.50 and 32.20, 54.45, 47.00- 51.24, 63.53, 66.33), respectively. The biomass yields were significantly different (P<0.05) for all the legumes at different harvesting stages T1 (2744.53-3186.93), T2 (2696.47- 3006.70) and T3 (2843.73-3147.63). It is therefore concluded that legumes could best be harvested between weeks 10 and 12 when the yield and quality are at levels to sustain the animals both for maintenance and production.

Agronomic characteristics, silage quality, intake and digestibility of five new Brazilian sorghum cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. A. NEVES ◽  
R. D. SANTOS ◽  
L. G. R. PEREIRA ◽  
G. F. OLIVEIRA ◽  
C. B. SCHERER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage sorghum (FS) (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a key feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The present paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, silage quality, intake and digestibility of five new Brazilian sorghum cultivars (BRS Ponta Negra variety, BRS 655 hybrid, BR 601 hybrid, BRS 506 variety and BRS 610 hybrid). Forages were grown (randomized complete block design) in a typical Brazilian north-eastern semi-arid climate, irrigated with 267 mm water, harvested as plants reached the soft dough stage of grain maturity and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês lambs. BRS 506 outperformed the other cultivars in dry matter (DM) and digestible DM yields/ha. BRS 506 exhibited the lowest neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents and the highestin vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the cultivars examined. BRS 655 produced the lowest level of lactic acid and the highest pH and ammonia-N concentration. There was no difference in intake or digestibility of DM among cultivars. Silages produced from BRS Ponta Negra resulted in higher crude protein (CP) intake than BRS 655. Silages made from BRS 506 and BRS Ponta Negra resulted in a greater digestibility of CP than those produced from BRS 655. Intake of NDF in silages generated from BRS Ponta Negra and BRS 610 was higher than that found in other cultivars. Although an average Brazilian North-eastern FS exhibited similar characteristics to other cultivars grown in dry regions around the world, the results indicated that BRS 506 had a yield advantage and higher nutritive value under Brazilian semi-arid conditions as compared to the other cultivars examined.

Effect of stage of growth and urea addition on the preservation and nutritive value of whole crop wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Urea Addition ◽  
New Crop

Whole crop wheat (WCW) is a relatively new crop as a feed for dairy cows, and little information is available on its dry matter yield and nutritive value relative to stage of growth at harvest. Also, the role of urea (which hydrolyses to ammonia in the crop) addition in reducing fermentation and aerobic spoilage losses has not been investigated.The aim of this experiment was to examine three stages of growth at harvest for WCW, with and without urea.An area of winter wheat (cv Fortress) was cut (5 cm above ground) at three growth stages (GS 49, 71 and 87). The resultant forages were chopped through a precision-chop harvester and stored in air-tight barrels of 0.225 m3 capacity. Urea was added at 0 and 40 g/kgDM at each stage of growth and there were three replicates of each treatment. Thermocouples placed centrally were used to monitor temperature changes. The mini silos held approximately 100 kg of forages and they were opened after 90 days. Vertical cores were taken as samples and the mini silos were left open for a further 18 days to assess aerobic deterioration.

COMPARISON OF MALE STERILE CORN AND REGULAR CORN AS SILAGE FOR DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Relative Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Hybrid

The relative nutritive value of male sterile corn silage (23.7% dry matter) and regular corn silage (26.5% dry matter) was determined with lactating dairy cows during three consecutive crop years. The regular corn hybrid had 25% of the kernels removed by black birds prior to harvesting. Grain was fed according to milk production (1 kg/2.75 kg milk) and silage was offered ad libitum as the only forage. Dry matter, soluble carbohydrate and insoluble nitrogen percentages were lower while crude protein and acid detergent fiber levels were higher in the male sterile corn silage. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy determined with sheep were not different between silages. Silage dry matter intake and total dry matter intake were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed regular corn silage in only one of the three trials. Actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk yields and milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by silage treatment. Key words: Male sterile corn, silage, dairy cows

scholarly journals Penggunaan Ampas Bir dalam Ransum untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Daging Domba

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Agus Priyono ◽  
S.N.O. Suwandyastuti ◽  
Ning Iriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rumen Microorganism ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The utilization of brewery waste in ration to improved the quality of lamb meatABSTRACT. An experiment has been conducted to study the utilization of brewery waste in ration to improved the meat quality of lamb. High quality of lamb meat can be reached by manipulation of rumen fermentation. Tannins in brewery waste can decrease the activity of rumen microorganism and inhibite the rumen biohydrogenation processes. The experiment was conducted with an experimental method by in vivo technique, using 16 heads of local lamb, 4-5 months old, with body weight range of 5-10 kg.  The trial was conducted for 150 days, using Completely Randomized Block Design with 4 replicates. The treatment tested were 4 levels of Brewery Waste : R1 = 12%; R2 = 24%; R3 = 36% and R4 = 48%. The variables measured were : physical and chemical quality of meat. The result indicated, that the treatment tested significantly affect the meat quality physically, except to the percentage of edible distal meat and proximal bone weight.Based on the all variables measured, the research conclusion : (1) the utilization of brewery waste up to 48% dry matter  ration, could be used, without any physiology and metabolism disturbance; (2) the highest increasing of unsaturated fatty acid was stearic acid (C18:0) as much as 54. 60%, was reach by R3 (36% brewery waste); the linoleic acid increased as much as 43.91% reach by R4 (48% brewery waste);  the oleic acid increased as much as 37.48% by R2 ( 24% brewery waste). From the result can be suggested that the need of tannin brewery waste as biohydrogenation inhibitor would be more effective and efficient whenever brewery waste usage has been increased up to 60% dry matter ration.

In situ degradability of dry matter and neutral-detergent fibre of thorn scrubland forage consumed by goats in the semi-arid region of north Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. S. Juárez ◽  
E. R. Montoya ◽  
C. G. Nevarez ◽  
S. M. A. Cerrillo ◽  
F. L. Mould
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractThree goats provided with oesophageal and ruminal cannulae were used to determine variations in dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of the forage consumed when grazing thorn scrubland in the semi-arid region of north Mexico, during two consecutive dry and wet periods. Ingesta samples were incubated intraruminally, the data were fitted to the exponential equation P = a + b (l - e-ct) and statistically analysed using a randomized-block design. Organic matter and crude protein (CP) contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Values of NDF were similar in dry and wet season of both years whereas higher numerical values of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and cellulose were registered in the dry seasons. DM and NDF degradabilities after 24 and 48 h of ruminal incubation were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Higher values (P < 0.05) in DM and NDF bag losses at zero time (A fraction) were registered in the two wet seasons. The insoluble but fermentable DM and NDF (B fractions) were higher (P < 0.05) in the 1999 wet season and variable in the rest of the studied period. Numerically higher values of DM and NDF c fraction were found in wet periods, whereas DM and NDF potential degradabilities were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet season in 1999 and similar across seasons in 2000. Lowest (P < 0.05) contents of CP in grazed forage, DM and NDF degradabilities after 48 h of ruminal incubation, and A, and B, and c fractions were observed in the dry seasons. Thus, these results may be related to both the lower feeding value of forage consumed by the animals and lower performance of livestock during this period. Then, the DM and NDF degradability after 48 h, together with the insoluble but fermentable matter and the c fraction permit the nutritive value of the forage consumed by grazing goats to be accurately described.

scholarly journals Nutritional characteristics and in vitro digestibility of silages from different corn cultivars harvested at two cutting heights

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Caetano ◽  
M.D.S. Oliveira ◽  
J.E. Freitas Júnior ◽  
A.C. Rêgo ◽  
M.V. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Cutting Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional traits and in vitro digestibility of silages from different corn cultivars harvested at two cutting heights. It was evaluated 11 cultivars (Dina 766, Dina 657, Dina 1000, P 3021, P 3041, C 805, C 333, AG 5011, FO 01, Dina co 9621 and BR 205) harvest 5 cm above ground (low) and 5 cm below the intersection of the first ear (high). It was used a random block design (three blocks), arranged in a 11 × 2 factorial scheme. Silages from plants harvested at high cutting height presented average content of dry matter significantly superior to silages from plants harvested at low height. Cultivars FO 01, AG 5011, Dina co 9621 and Dina 766 presented greater content of crude protein than cultivars C 805, P 3041 and P 3021, which presented the lowest contents of this nutrient. The raise in the cut height increased in vitro dry matter true digestibility coefficients and in vitro dry matter digestibility of silage evaluated. The increase in cut height improved nutritive value of silages by decreasing concentrations of fibrous fractions and increasing in vitro dry matter digestibility.

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