scholarly journals Hibernation Patterns of the European Hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, at a Cornish Rescue Centre

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. South ◽  
Kelly Haynes ◽  
Angus C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
European Hedgehog ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

The European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, is frequently admitted to rescue centres in the UK. With many overwintering in captivity, there is cause to investigate hibernation patterns in order to inform and improve husbandry and monitoring protocols. Thirty-five hedgehogs were studied over two winters. Weight change during hibernation for the first winter was used to test for effects of disturbance on different aspects of hibernation, including total duration, frequency and duration of spontaneous arousals. There was no significant difference between the two winters for any of the four aspects studied. Significant positive correlations demonstrated that weight-loss increased with the duration of the hibernation period and with percent of nights spent asleep, but not with the number of arousal events. Thus, weight-loss appears more strongly associated with the proportion of time spent asleep than with the number of arousal events. This was surprising given the assumed energetic expense of repeated arousal and was potentially due to availability of food during arousals. In contrast with previous studies, larger hedgehogs lost less weight per day than did smaller hedgehogs. They also woke up more often (i.e., had more opportunities to feed), which may explain the unexpected pattern of weight-loss. Hibernatory behaviour in captivity differs from that in the wild, likely because of non-natural conditions in hutches and the immediate availability of food. This study provides a basis for further research into the monitoring and husbandry of hedgehogs such that it can be adapted for each individual according to pre-hibernation weight and behaviour during hibernation.

scholarly journals Trial release of Père David's deer Elaphurus davidianus in the Dafeng Reserve, China

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijian Hu ◽  
Zhigang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Previous Condition ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Père David’S Deer ◽  
Daily Activity Rhythm ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Elaphurus Davidianus

The Critically Endangered Père David's deer Elaphurus davidianu became extinct in the wild in China in about 1900, and the only surviving animals were held in captivity at Woburn Abbey in the UK. During 1985–1987, individuals were returned to China, and subsequent growth of the captive population in enclosures at Dafeng Reserve necessitated a trial release of a small group of deer as a prelude to further releases. Seven individuals were released into the unfenced coastal region of the Dafeng Reserve in 1998. Behaviour, daily activity rhythm, habitat selection, activity range and body condition were recorded for six months after release. The deer exhibited initial changes in behaviour, but returned to their pre-release patterns about four weeks after release, and by six weeks after release their body condition had improved compared to their previous condition in captivity. They left the Reserve and began to forage on farmland, causing conflict with local people. Further releases should be into areas with either a natural or artificial boundary in order to avoid unmanageable levels of conflict between the needs of the deer and those of farmers.

scholarly journals Trends in intake and outcomes for European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in the Czech rescue centers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248422
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lukešová ◽  
Eva Voslarova ◽  
Vladimir Vecerek ◽  
Marijana Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
European Hedgehog ◽  
Human Care

The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a species found in abundance throughout Europe. Nevertheless, it has seen a decline in some regions. This study aimed to analyze trends in intake and outcomes for hedgehogs admitted into rescue centers in the Czech Republic. In the period from 2010 to 2019, 16,967 European hedgehogs were admitted in 34 rescue centers in the Czech Republic. Most hedgehogs were admitted in September (25.30%) and October (22.14%), the fewest in March (0.96%). Most admitted hedgehogs were hoglets (59.49%). The treatment was successful in 44.39% of admitted hedgehogs; those were subsequently released into the wild. On average, they stayed in rescue centers for 48.77 days (median of 30 days). Death or euthanasia was an outcome for 25.27% and 3.15% of admitted hedgehogs, respectively. Only 0.59% of the hedgehogs remained in captivity with a permanent handicap. The highest release rate was achieved in hedgehogs admitted after falls into pits and other openings (83.19%), whereas the least success was achieved in poisoned hedgehogs (13.21%). An increasing trend (rSp = 0.9273, p < 0.01) was found in the number of hedgehogs admitted to rescue centers during the monitored period. Furthermore, not all of them required human care. Given the fact that less than a half of the admitted hedgehogs could be released, raising public awareness of this issue could help to avoid unnecessary interventions (especially in hoglets).

scholarly journals Behaviour of Captive Ostriches (Struthio camelus) at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Bachok Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Kamarul Hambali ◽  
Nadia Zakaria ◽  
Norashikin Fauzi ◽  
Aaina Amir
Keyword(s):  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild

The behavioural patterns of six captive ostriches (Struthio camelus) werestudied at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Bachok Campus between July andSeptember 2014. The main purpose of the study was to determine thebehavioural patterns of ostriches in captivity to provide the useful informationfor better management action. The ostriches were observed daily for 11 hoursfrom 0700 hrs until 1800 hrs for 45 days by using the focal sampling technique.Six categories of behavioural patterns were observed namely resting,locomotion, ingestive, comfort, aggression and thermoregulation. The highestbehaviour observed was walking compared to other behaviours, while thelowest was running. The result of the study showed a significant difference ofbehavioural patterns of captive ostriches between different observationalperiods except for locomotion and aggression behaviours. The finding of thestudy showed that ostriches reared in captivity possessed similar behaviouralpatterns to those remaining in the wild, although some captive circumstancesimposed minor differences.

Agonistic Behavior of Captive Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus Porosus in Kota Tinggi, Johor

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Faudzir Najmuddin ◽  
◽  
Nurhizatul Safikah Mohd Hauri ◽  
Hidayah Haris ◽  
Fatin Zahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Crocodylus Porosus ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Agonistic behavior in Crocodylus porosus is well known in the wild, but the available data regarding this behavior among the captive individuals especially in a farm setting is rather limited. Studying the aggressive behavior of C. porosus in captivity is important because the data obtained may contribute for conservation and the safety for handlers and visitors. Thus, this study focuses on C. porosus in captivity to describe systematically the agonistic behaviour of C. porosus in relation to feeding time, daytime or night and density per pool. This study was carried out for 35 days in two different ponds. The data was analysed using Pearson’s chi-square analysis to see the relationship between categorical factors. The study shows that C. porosus was more aggressive during daylight, feeding time and non-feeding time in breeding enclosure (Pond C, stock density =0.0369 crocodiles/m2) as compared to non-breeding pond (Pond B, stock density =0.3317 crocodiles/m2) where it is only aggressive during the nighttime. Pond C shows the higher domination in the value of aggression in feeding and non-feeding time where it is related to its function as breeding ground. Chi-square analysis shows that there is no significant difference between ponds (p=0.47, χ2= 2.541, df= 3), thus, there is no relationship between categorical factors. The aggressive behaviour of C. porosus is important for the farm management to evaluate the risk in future for the translocation process and conservation of C. porosus generally.

scholarly journals Improved renal allograft survival for pre-emptive paediatric renal transplant recipients in the UK

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-321277
Author(s):  
Matko Marlais ◽  
Kate Martin ◽  
Stephen D Marks
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Allograft Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Donor Type ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether being on dialysis at the time of renal transplantation affected renal allograft survival in paediatric renal transplant recipients (pRTRs).MethodsRetrospective study of UK Transplant Registry (National Health Service Blood and Transplant) data on all children (aged <18 years) receiving a kidney-only transplant from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2015. Kaplan-Meier estimates of patient and renal allograft survival calculated and Cox regression modelling accounting for donor type. The relationship between time on dialysis and renal allograft survival was examined.Results2038 pRTRs were analysed: 607 (30%) were pre-emptively transplanted, 789 (39%) and 642 (32%) on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis, respectively, at the time of transplantation. Five-year renal allograft survival was significantly better in the pre-emptively transplanted group (90.6%) compared with those on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis (86.4% and 85.7%, respectively; p=0.02). After accounting for donor type, there was a significantly lower hazard of 5-year renal allograft failure in pre-emptively transplanted children (HR 0.742, p=0.05). Time spent on dialysis pre-transplant negatively correlated with renal allograft survival (p=0.002). There was no significant difference in 5-year renal allograft survival between children who were on dialysis for less than 6 months and children transplanted pre-emptively (87.5% vs 90.5%, p=0.25).ConclusionsPre-emptively transplanted children have improved 5-year renal allograft survival, compared with children on dialysis at the time of transplantation. Although increased time spent on dialysis correlated with poorer renal allograft survival, there was no evidence that short periods of dialysis pre-transplant affected renal allograft survival.

scholarly journals Is duodeno-jejunal bypass liner superior to pylorus preserving bariatric surgery in terms of complications and efficacy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Bence Balint ◽  
Ferenc Csaszar ◽  
Krisztian Somodi ◽  
Laszlo Ternyik ◽  
Adrienn Biro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Loss Outcomes ◽  
Jejunal Bypass

Abstract Purpose Based on recent scientific evidence, bariatric surgery is more effective in the management of morbid obesity and related comorbidities than conservative therapy. Pylorus preserving surgical procedures (PPBS) such as laparoscopic single-anastomosis duodeno-jejunal or duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy are modified duodenal switch (DS) surgical techniques. The duodeno-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) is a novel surgical method in the inventory of metabolism focused manual interventions that excludes duodeno-jejunal mucosa from digestion, mimicking DS procedures without the risk of surgical intervention. The aim of this article is to summarize and compare differences between safety-related features and weight loss outcomes of DJBL and PPBS. Methods A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database. Records of DJBL-related adverse events (AEs), occurrence of PPBS-related complications and reintervention rates were collected. Mean weight, mean body mass index (BMI), percent of excess of weight loss (EWL%), percent of total weight loss (TWL%) and BMI value alterations were recorded for weight loss outcomes. Results A total of 11 publications on DJBL and 6 publications on PPBS were included, involving 800 and 1462 patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics of the patients were matched. Comparison of DJBL-related AEs and PPBS-related severe complications showed an almost equal risk (risk difference (RD): −0.03 and confidence interval (CI): −0.27 to 0.21), despite higher rates among patients having received endoscopic treatment. Overall AE and complication rates classified by Clavien-Dindo showed that PPBS was superior to DJBL due to an excess risk level of 25% (RD: 0.25, CI: 0.01–0.49). Reintervention rates were more favourable in the PPBS group, without significant differences in risk (RD: −0.03, CI: −0.27 to 0.20). However, PPBS seemed more efficient regarding weight loss outcomes at 1-year follow-up according to raw data, while meta-analysis did not reveal any significant difference (odds ratio (OR): 1.08, CI: 0.74–1.59 for BMI changes). Conclusion Only limited conclusions can be made based on our findings. PPBS was superior to DJBL with regard to safety outcomes (GRADE IIB), which failed to support the authors’ hypothesis. Surgical procedures showed lower complication rates than the incidence of DJBL-related AEs, although it should be emphasized that the low number of PPBS-related mild to moderate complications reported could be the result of incomplete data recording from the analysed publications. Weight loss outcomes favoured bariatric surgery (GRADE IIB). As the DJBL is implanted into the upper gastrointestinal tract for 6 to 12 months, it seems a promising additional method in the inventory of metabolic interventions.

scholarly journals Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) have a Differential Impact on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS): Retrospective Analysis of the Multicentre UK-ROPE (UK Register of Prostate Embolization) Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Vigneswaran ◽  
Drew Maclean ◽  
Mohammed Hadi ◽  
Benjamin Maher ◽  
Sachin Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Prostatic Artery Embolization ◽  
Voiding Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Prostatic Artery

Abstract Purpose To compare the relative IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) improvement in storage and voiding symptoms between prostatic artery embolization (PAE) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Method Retrospective analysis of the UK-ROPE (UK Register of Prostate Embolization) multicentre database was conducted with inclusion of all patients with full IPSS questionnaire score data. The voiding and storage subscore improvement was compared between interventions. Student’s t-test (paired and unpaired) and ANOVA (Analysis of variance) were used to identify significant differences between the groups. Results 146 patients (121 PAE, 25 TURP) were included in the analysis. Storage symptoms were more frequently the most severe symptom (‘storage’ in 75 patients vs ‘voiding’ in 17 patients). Between groups, no significant difference was seen in raw storage subscore improvement (TURP 4.9 vs PAE 4.2; p = 0.34) or voiding subscore improvement (TURP 8.4 vs PAE 6.7; p = 0.1). ANOVA demonstrated a greater proportionate reduction (relative to total IPSS) towards voiding symptoms in the TURP group (27.3% TURP vs 9.9% PAE, p = 0.001). Conclusion Although both TURP and PAE improve voiding symptoms more than storage, a significantly larger proportion of total symptom reduction is due to voiding in the TURP cohort, with PAE providing a more balanced improvement between voiding and storage.

scholarly journals P7: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER ELECTIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY: RESULTS OF A NATIONAL CLOSED-LOOP AUDIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Elective Colorectal Surgery ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to re-audit the rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) after elective colorectal surgery, following local presentations of results. Method Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) and Ileus Management International (IMAGINE), were prospective multicentre audits on consecutive elective colorectal resections, in the UK and Ireland. These were performed over 3-month periods in 2015 and 2018 respectively. During the interim period, results were presented at participating centres to stimulate local quality improvement initiatives. Risk-adjusted 7-day postoperative AKI rates were calculated through multilevel logistic regression based on the OAKS prognostic score. Result Of the 4,917 patients included, 3,133 (63.7%) originated from OAKS and 1,784 (36.3%) from IMAGINE. On univariate analysis, there was no significant difference (p=0.737) in the 7-day AKI rate between OAKS (n=346, 11.8%) and IMAGINE (n=205, 11.5%). However, the risk-adjusted AKI rate in IMAGINE was significantly lower compared to OAKS (-1.8%, 95% CI: -2.3% to -1.3%, p&lt;0.001). Of 47 centres (40.1%) with a recorded local presentation, there was no significant difference in the subsequent AKI rate in IMAGINE (-0.7%, -2.0% to 0.6%, p=0.278). Conclusion Rates of AKI after elective colorectal surgery significantly reduced on re-audit. However, this may be related to increased awareness from participation or national quality improvement initiatives, rather than local presentation of results. Abbrev. AKI - Acute Kidney Injury, OAKS - Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery, IMAGINE - Ileus Management International Take-home message Risk-adjusted AKI rates significantly reduced on re-audit, however, this was most likely due to factors separate from the local presentation of initial results.

scholarly journals Lockdown, slow down: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity—an observational study

Open Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001600
Author(s):  
Joanne Kathryn Taylor ◽  
Haarith Ndiaye ◽  
Matthew Daniels ◽  
Fozia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
New York ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New York Heart Association ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

AimsIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK was placed under strict lockdown measures on 23 March 2020. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects on physical activity (PA) levels using data from the prospective Triage-HF Plus Evaluation study.MethodsThis study represents a cohort of adult patients with implanted cardiac devices capable of measuring activity by embedded accelerometery via a remote monitoring platform. Activity data were available for the 4 weeks pre-implementation and post implementation of ‘stay at home’ lockdown measures in the form of ‘minutes active per day’ (min/day).ResultsData were analysed for 311 patients (77.2% men, mean age 68.8, frailty 55.9%. 92.2% established heart failure (HF) diagnosis, of these 51.2% New York Heart Association II), with comorbidities representative of a real-world cohort.Post-lockdown, a significant reduction in median PA equating to 20.8 active min/day was seen. The reduction was uniform with a slightly more pronounced drop in PA for women, but no statistically significant difference with respect to age, body mass index, frailty or device type. Activity dropped in the immediate 2-week period post-lockdown, but steadily returned thereafter. Median activity week 4 weeks post-lockdown remained significantly lower than 4 weeks pre-lockdown (p≤0.001).ConclusionsIn a population of predominantly HF patients with cardiac devices, activity reduced by approximately 20 min active per day in the immediate aftermath of strict COVID-19 lockdown measures.Trial registration numberNCT04177199.

scholarly journals SAT0581 SERIOUS INFECTION RATES WITH BIOLOGICAL DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC AGENTS (bDMARDs) AND PREDISPOSING FACTORS: A 5-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1249.1-1250
Author(s):  
K. Celkys ◽  
J. Ly ◽  
M. Soden
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Biological and targeted synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents (bDMARDs) increase the risk of serious infections (SIs), however there is limited ‘real-world’ evidence comparing the relative risk of SI for individual bDMARDs. (1,2)Objectives:This study examines the rates of SIs in a non-select Australian Northern Queensland (NQ) cohort of patients with various rheumatic diseases receiving treatment with a bDMARD, to define predisposing factors and directly compare the bDMARDs.Methods:A retrospective review was performed for all patients who received a bDMARD through the Townsville Hospital Rheumatology Department over the 5-year period between June 2013 and May 2018. Episodes of a SI were defined as infection requiring admission or use of intravenous antibiotics. For each bDMARD the rate of SI per 100 patient years (PYs) was calculated and patient demographics and comorbidities were analysed. Between group differences were assessed using independent samples t-tests or ANOVA. Where assumptions were violated, Mann-Whitney U tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. For categorical variables, chi-square tests were used, except when assumptions were violated when Fisher’s Exact tests were used.Results:296 patients received bDMARDs with an overall SI rate of 11.7/100PYs. There was no significant difference in presence of SI by disease type with 24% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis versus 19% with psoriatic arthritis, 14% with ankylosing spondylitis and 29% with “other” (X2=3.11; df=3; p=0.37). Respiratory tract infections were the most common infection (46%) followed by skin and soft tissue infections (23%). The highest incidence rate of SI occurred with rituximab (29.72 SI/100PYs) followed by certolizumab (22.50 SI/100PYs) and tocilizumab (15.00 SI/100PYs). Duration of time on a bDMARD, disease duration and use of methotrexate or leflunomide were not shown to significantly increase the risk of SI for the entire cohort. The characteristics which were shown to significantly increase SI rates were; prednisone use, increasing age, chronic pulmonary comorbidity and specifically in those with rheumatoid arthritis male gender and total duration of bDMARD use.Conclusion:In this real-world NQ cohort of patients treated with a bDMARD for a rheumatic disease, we have identified a number of factors potentially contributing to the risk of the development of SIs. This study provides valuable data on SI rates in an Australian ‘real-world’ cohort that may assist clinicians’ choice of bDMARD in patients with a high baseline risk of infection and highlights the importance of minimising prednisone use in patients on bDMARDs.References:[1]Ramiro S, Sepriano A, Chatzidionysiou K, et al. Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2016 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1093–1101.[2]Singh J, Wells G, Christensen R, et al. Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;16:CD008794.Disclosure of Interests: :Kate Celkys: None declared, Jason Ly: None declared, Muriel Soden Speakers bureau: Speaker Fees from Pfizer in 2016

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