scholarly journals The Impact of Whole Sesame Seeds on the Expression of Key-Genes Involved in the Innate Immunity of Dairy Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Christina Mitsiopoulou ◽  
Kyriaki Sotirakoglou ◽  
Dimitrios Skliros ◽  
Emmanouil Flemetakis ◽  
Eleni Tsiplakou
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corn Grain

Whole sesame seeds (WSS) are rich in both linoleic acid (LA) and lignans. However, their impact on the innate immunity of goats is not well studied. Twenty-four goats were divided into three homogeneous sub-groups; comprise one control (CON) and two treated (WWS5 and WWS10). In the treated groups, WSS were incorporated in the concentrates of the CON at 5 (WSS5) and 10% (WSS10) respectively, by partial substitution of both soybean meal and corn grain. The expression levels of MAPK1, IL6, TRIF, IFNG, TRAF3, and JUND genes in the neutrophils of WSS10 fed goats were reduced significantly compared with the CON. The same was found for the expression levels of IFNG and TRAF3 genes in the neutrophils of WSS5 fed goats. Both treated groups primarily affected the MYD88-independent pathway. The dietary supplementation of goats with WSS might be a good nutritional strategy to improve their innate immunity.

scholarly journals The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0233192
Author(s):  
Eleni Tsiplakou ◽  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Dimitrios Skliros ◽  
Federico Righi ◽  
Emmanouil Flemetakis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of agronomic factors on yield and quality of whole corn plants and the impact of feeding high concentrations of corn silage in diets containing distillers grains to finishing cattle1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Burken ◽  
B. L. Nuttelman ◽  
J. L. Gramkow ◽  
A. L. McGee ◽  
K. M. Sudbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Corn plants were sampled over 2 consecutive years to assess the effects of corn hybrid maturity class, plant population, and harvest time on whole corn plant quality and yield in Nebraska. A finishing experiment evaluated the substitution of corn with corn silage in diets with corn modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS). The first 2 harvest dates were at the mid- and late-silage harvest times whereas the final harvest was at the grain harvest stage of plant maturity. Whole plant yields increased as harvest time progressed (yr 1 quadratic P < 0.01; yr 2 linear P < 0.01). However, differences in TDN concentration in both years were quite minimal across harvest time, because grain percentage increased but residue NDF in-situ disappearance decreased as harvest time was delayed. In the finishing experiment, as corn silage inclusion increased from 15 to 55% (DM basis) by replacing dry rolled and high moisture corn grain with corn silage in diets containing 40% MDGS, DMI, ADG, and G:F linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01), with the steers on the 15% corn silage treatment being 1.5%, 5.0%, and 7.7% more efficient than steers on treatments containing 30, 45, and 55% corn silage, respectively. Calculated dietary NEm and NEg decreased linearly as corn silage inclusion increased indicating that net energy values were greater for corn grain than for corn silage. In addition, dressing percentage decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as silage inclusion increased suggesting more fill as silage inclusion increases in diets. Cattle fed greater than 15% corn silage in finishing diets based on corn grain will gain slower and be slightly less efficient and likely require increased days to market at similar carcass fatness and size. When 30% silage was fed with 65% MDGS, DMI, and ADG were decreased (P < 0.01) compared to feeding 30% silage with 40% MDGS suggesting some benefit to including a proportion of corn in the diet. Conversely, when 45% silage was fed with 40% MDGS, ADG, and G:F were greater (P < 0.04) than when 45% silage was fed with just grain implying a greater energy value for MDGS than for corn grain. Substituting corn silage for corn grain in finishing diets decreased ADG and G:F which would increase days to finish to an equal carcass weight; however, in this experiment, increasing corn silage levels with MDGS present reduced carcass fat thickness without significantly decreasing marbling score.

Dietary supplementation of dry oregano leaves increases the innate immunity and resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda H. Espirito Santo ◽  
Túlio S. Brito ◽  
Laura L. Brandão ◽  
Guilherme C. Tavares ◽  
Márcia P. Leibowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Dietary Supplementation

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Raffinose synthetase family in cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Cui ◽  
Xiaoge Wang ◽  
Waqar Afzal Malik ◽  
Xuke Lu ◽  
Xiugui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Stress Gene

Abstract Background The Raffinose synthetase (RAFS) genes superfamily is critical for the synthesis of raffinose, which accumulates in plant leaves under abiotic stress. However, it remains unclear whether RAFS contributes to resistance to abiotic stress in plants, specifically in the Gossypium species. Results In this study, we identified 74 RAFS genes from G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii by using a series of bioinformatic methods. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the RAFS gene family in the four Gossypium species could be divided into four major clades; the relatively uniform distribution of the gene number in each species ranged from 12 to 25 based on species ploidy, most likely resulting from an ancient whole-genome polyploidization. Gene motif analysis showed that the RAFS gene structure was relatively conservative. Promoter analysis for cis-regulatory elements showed that some RAFS genes might be regulated by gibberellins and abscisic acid, which might influence their expression levels. Moreover, we further examined the functions of RAFS under cold, heat, salt and drought stress conditions, based on the expression profile and co-expression network of RAFS genes in Gossypium species. Transcriptome analysis suggested that RAFS genes in clade III are highly expressed in organs such as seed, root, cotyledon, ovule and fiber, and under abiotic stress in particular, indicating the involvement of genes belonging to clade III in resistance to abiotic stress. Gene co-expressed network analysis showed that GhRFS2A-GhRFS6A, GhRFS6D, GhRFS7D and GhRFS8A-GhRFS11A were key genes, with high expression levels under salt, drought, cold and heat stress. Conclusion The findings may provide insights into the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of RAFS genes in Gossypium species and a theoretical basis for the identification of stress resistance materials in cotton.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Popular Diets Applied by Endurance Athletes on Sports Performance: Beneficial or Detrimental? A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Aslı Devrim-Lanpir ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Endurance athletes need a regular and well-detailed nutrition program in order to fill their energy stores before training/racing, to provide nutritional support that will allow them to endure the harsh conditions during training/race, and to provide effective recovery after training/racing. Since exercise-related gastrointestinal symptoms can significantly affect performance, they also need to develop strategies to address these issues. All these factors force endurance athletes to constantly seek a better nutritional strategy. Therefore, several new dietary approaches have gained interest among endurance athletes in recent decades. This review provides a current perspective to five popular diet approaches: (a) vegetarian diets, (b) high-fat diets, (c) intermittent fasting diets, (d) gluten-free diet, and (e) low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diets. We reviewed scientific studies published from 1983 to January 2021 investigating the impact of these popular diets on the endurance performance and health aspects of endurance athletes. We also discuss all the beneficial and harmful aspects of these diets, and offer key suggestions for endurance athletes to consider when following these diets.

scholarly journals The effects of nano-curcumin as a nutritional strategy on clinical and inflammatory factors in children with cystic fibrosis: the study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Talebi ◽  
Mahammad Safarian ◽  
Mahmood Reza Jaafari ◽  
Seyed Javad Sayedi ◽  
Zahra Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Cftr Protein ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder, which is caused by the CFTR protein defects. Along with CFTR dysfunction, inflammation plays a key role in the disease outcomes. Inflammation may develop due to the internal dysfunction of the CFTR protein or external factors. Curcumin affects the CFTR protein function primarily as a corrector and potentiator and secondary as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. The present study aims to assess the impact of nano-curcumin on clinical and inflammatory markers in children with CF. Methods This prospective, double blind control trial will be conducted at the Akbar Children’s Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Children with CF will be enrolled based on the eligibility criteria. Placebo and curcumin with the maximum dose of 80 mg considering the body surface of the patients will be administrated for 3 months. The primary outcome is to evaluate inflammation based on serum interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and hs-CRP, stool calprotectin, and neutrophil count of nasopharyngeal swab. The secondary outcome involved clinical assessment via spirometry, anthropometrics, and quality of life. They will be assessed before and after 3 months. Discussion Due to the multifarious effects of curcumin on CF disease, it could be proposed as a nutritional strategy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20200705048018N1. Registered on July 10, 2020.

scholarly journals Extrusion Processing of Pure Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Pomace: Impact on Dietary Fiber Profile and Bioactive Compounds

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Vera Schmid ◽  
Jan Steck ◽  
Esther Mayer-Miebach ◽  
Diana Behsnilian ◽  
Mirko Bunzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Type I ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Thermomechanical Stress ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
The Impact

The partial substitution of starch with dietary fiber (DF) in extruded ready-to-eat texturized (RTE) cereals has been suggested as a strategy to reduce the high glycemic index of these food products. Here, we study the impact of extrusion processing on pure chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace powder (CPP) rich in DF and polyphenols (PP) focusing on the content and profile of the DF fractions, stability of PP, and techno-functional properties of the extrudates. Using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, different screw speeds were applied to CPP with different water contents (cw), which resulted in specific mechanical energies (SME) in the range of 145–222 Whkg−1 and material temperatures (TM) in the range of 123–155 °C. High molecular weight soluble DF contents slightly increase with increasing thermomechanical stress up to 16.1 ± 0.8 g/100 g dm as compared to CPP (11.5 ± 1.2 g/100 g dm), but total DF (TDF) contents (58.6 ± 0.8 g/100 g dm) did not change. DF structural analysis revealed extrusion-based changes in the portions of pectic polysaccharides (type I rhamnogalacturonan) in the soluble and insoluble DF fractions. Contents of thermolabile anthocyanins decrease linearly with SME and temperature from 1.80 ± 0.09 g/100 g dm in CPP to 0.24 ± 0.06 g/100 g dm (222 Whkg−1, 155 °C), but phenolic acids and flavonoids appear to be largely unaffected. Resulting techno-functional (water absorption and water solubility) and physical properties related to the sensory characteristics (expansion, hardness, and color) of pure CPP extrudates support the expectation that granulated CPP extrudates may be a suitable food ingredient rich in DF and PP.

scholarly journals Going “Green” in the Prevention and Management of Atherothrombotic Diseases: The Role of Dietary Polyphenols

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Ana Reis ◽  
Sara Rocha ◽  
Victor de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
The Impact

During the 20th century processed and ready-to-eat foods became routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of fat, salt, and sugar intake in people’s diets. Currently, the global incidence of obesity, raised blood lipids, hypertension, and diabetes in an increasingly aged population contributes to the rise of atherothrombotic events and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to tackle and help manage the socio-economic impact of atherothrombotic disorders though not without adverse side effects. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids to human diets, as recommended by WHO offers a valuable nutritional strategy, alternative to drug-based therapies, to be explored in the prevention and management of atherothrombotic diseases at early stages. Though polyphenols are mostly associated to color and taste in foods, food flavonoids are emerging as modulators of cholesterol biosynthesis, appetite and food intake, blood pressure, platelet function, clot formation, and anti-inflammatory signaling, supporting the health-promoting effects of polyphenol-rich diets in mitigating the impact of risk factors in atherothrombotic disorders and CVD events. Here we overview the current knowledge on the effect of polyphenols particularly of flavonoid intake on the atherothrombotic risk factors and discuss the caveats and challenges involved with current experimental cell-based designs.

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