scholarly journals Identification of Individual Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Refined Protocol for VIE Tagging Whilst Considering Animal Welfare and the Principles of the 3Rs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Anita Rácz ◽  
Brooke Allan ◽  
Toni Dwyer ◽  
Davide Thambithurai ◽  
Amélie Crespel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Aquatic Ecology ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Fish Survival ◽  
The Three Rs

In aquatic ecology, studies have commonly employed a tagging technique known as visible implant elastomer (VIE). This method has not been widely adopted by the zebrafish research community and also lacks refinement with regard to animal welfare. The current paper introduces a new VIE tagging protocol, with the aim of improving existing tagging techniques by placing particular emphasis on the Three Rs. To improve animal welfare and fish survival, we added the use of an analgesic compound (lidocaine) through the marking procedure, followed by after-treatment with antiseptics (melaleuca, aloe vera, and PVP-I as active ingredients) to improve tissue regeneration and healing. The newly improved protocol has been quantitatively evaluated on different populations and age groups of zebrafish. This study will be useful to the scientific zebrafish community and to the wider field including biologist and aquarists, especially in consideration of animal welfare, where tagging techniques are considered as a potential noxious stimulus for fish.

scholarly journals Reference values of plasma homocysteine in Cuban children and adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Concepción Alvarez ◽  
Ivette Camayd Viera ◽  
Lisy Vento Buigues ◽  
Yanet Fernández Martínez ◽  
Eraida Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Cuban Population

AbstractObjectivesHomocysteine (Hcy) is a nonessential amino acid, produced by the demethylation of methionine. High Hcy levels, or hyperhomocysteinemia, have been associated with genetic and multifactorial diseases. Hcy reference values may vary between different populations, as Hcy levels are affected by factors such as sex, age, diet, smoking, and coffee consumption. The estimation reference interval (RI) allows to establish the normal values of this marker in population. At present, these levels are unknown in Cuba. The aim of this work is to estimate the Hcy reference intervals in Cuban children and adults.MethodsTotal Hcy concentration was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in plasma. Hcy levels were evaluated in samples from 507 healthy individuals (260 children, 247 adults).ResultsRIs were estimated by nonparametric methods. We found significant differences between both age groups, but we did not find significant differences between sexes, within these groups. The established ranges were 2.56–14.55 µM and 3.63–17.19 µM for children and adults, respectively. Also, we observed a weak association between Hcy levels and age in both sex groups.ConclusionsThis is the first study that assesses Hcy reference values in Cuban population. Our results will allow the introduction of Hcy as a biochemical marker in laboratory testing.

scholarly journals Lanthanides-Substituted Hydroxyapatite/Aloe vera Composite Coated Titanium Plate for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 8261-8279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvakani Prabakaran ◽  
Mariappan Rajan ◽  
Changwei Lv ◽  
Guolin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Titanium Plate

scholarly journals PHYSICAL EVALUATION OF PCL-AGNPS BIOCOMPOSITES AS GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION MEMBRANE

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagus Lazuardi ◽  
Prihartini Widiyanti ◽  
Adri Supardi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Agno3 Solution ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Strength Characterization ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dental and mouth problems in Indonesia during 2007 to 2013 reportedly increased from 23.2% to 25.9% with the projection 65.275 million people with cases of periodontitis reaching 42.8%. One of clinical treatment of periodontitis is by using Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) method. This research was conducted to synthesize GTR membrane from Polycaprolactone (PCL) which is composed with AgNPs of Aloe vera biosynthesis product using electrospinning instrument. GTR membranes were synthesized by forming ratio of acetone and AgNPs which was obtained by mixing 30% Aloe vera extract with AgNO3 solution where AgNPs had been characterized previously using XRD and PSA. In this study the comparison of solvents done as 100/0 (control), 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 (v/v). Obtained GTR membranes are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and tensile strength characterization. From the analysis results known the best composition of PCL-AgNPs biocomposite as GTR membrane was found on the variable with ratio 70/30 (v/v) with fiber size 111,6 ± 22 nm, UTS value equal to 4,37 MPa with elongation equal to 204%. Based on the results of characterization, it showed that biocomposites PCL-AgNPs Aloe vera biosynthesis products have good potential as a guided tissue regeneration membrane.

1,3‐1‐6 ß‐glucans enhance tissue regeneration in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ): Potential advantages for aquaculture applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3163-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Cheol‐Hee Kim ◽  
Marco Bagliacca ◽  
Lucia Casini ◽  
Mahanama De Zoysa
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Danio Rerio

scholarly journals The ‘R’ principles in laboratory animal experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kook Hyun Lee ◽  
Dong Won Lee ◽  
Byeong Chul Kang
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Three Rs

AbstractSince the Three Rs of replacement, reduction and refinement was proposed by Russel and Birch in 1959, researchers have a moral duty to minimize harm to animals. Even though animal experiments are performed by the Three Rs concept, animal researches which do not comply with international rules and standards are not accepted as well. As animal welfare has been important global issues, the methods to assess animal welfare compromise and distress have been proposed. Humanity is accepted as the goal of the Three Rs, however, another fourth R, ‘Refusal’ of fruitless protocol or ‘Responsibility’ for the experimental animal and social, scientific status of the animal experiments has been proposed. After establishing goals of animal research in a respective society, reliable knowledge can be obtained while improving laboratory animal welfare.

scholarly journals The effects of Piper sarmentosum aqueous extracts on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and caudal fin tissue regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Zarina Zainol Abidin ◽  
Shazrul Fazry ◽  
Nur Hidayah Jamar ◽  
Herryawan Ryadi Ediwar Dyari ◽  
Zaidah Zainal Ariffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Animal welfare officers in Australian higher education: 3R application, work contexts, and risk perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Research Community ◽  
University System

Acceptance of the concept of replacement, refinement, and reduction (the 3Rs) and the need for their implementation is widespread in the research community, and is also backed by local governance requirements in many key jurisdictions. Yet concerns about underutilization of these concepts and practices remain. From a survey of animal welfare officers (AWOs) in Australia, the attitudes to, and the adoption of, 3Rs in Australian public universities is explored. The survey finds that Australian AWOs have considerable concerns about 3R uptake, with 44% agreeing that ‘3R possibilities often remain unused’. At the same time, these officers see access to relevant information, and the implementation of the 3Rs, as comparatively easy. Thus, a problem of under-implementation appears to exist. A number of explanations for this are put forward. AWOs are comparatively junior professional staff in the Australian university system, constrained from going beyond basic regulative functions and to the training and promotion of the 3Rs. When compared with their international counterparts, Australian AWOs spend less time providing information and advice on the 3Rs to researchers working in their institutions. Significantly, while AWOs tend to see themselves as being well supported institutionally, they have comparatively poor relationships with active researchers who are using animal models. The implications of this are examined, with recommendations for research institutions, as well as for further research.

Prevalence of mental disorders in late life

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 852-852
Author(s):  
V.Y. Semke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental Disturbances ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

In late life patients considerably more seldom than patients of other age groups reach attention of psychiatrists due to obliteration of symptoms of mental suffering, their masked by somatic symptoms manifestation, not seldom - negative attitude of relatives toward psychiatric assistance etc.Study of patients of elder and older age at units of somatic hospital of another profile (therapeutic, cardiologic, neurological, traumatologic) has shown that mental disturbances are revealed in 74,4 % of them. Non-psychotic forms of disorders are basic (73,8 %), more seldom psychoses are found (18,6 %) and dementias of various nature (7,6 %). Of most prevalence in this contingent were disorders related with cerebral-vascular diseases (42,6 %), including those with acute disturbances of brain blood circulation (20,5 %). Somatogenic mental disorders occupy more modest place counting 8,8%. Neuroses including nosogenias are observed in 9,2 % of cases. Endogenous diseases are rarely found in patients of a somatic institution (6,7 %).In recent years significant growth of organic mental disorders in Russian Federation occurs predominantly at the expense of the elderly. In structure of this pathology as selective epidemiological investigations show the first place according to incidence rate is occupied by cerebral-vascular diseases (34,1 %); the second place is occupied by neurotic disturbances (26,0 %); the third one - affective disorders (15,4 %).Differences in sickness rate and morbidity in such conditions identified by researchers in different populations may reflect more particularly their diagnostic approaches than the true differences in incidence and prevalence.

scholarly journals Indigenous Australian household structure: a simple data collection tool and implications for close contact transmission of communicable diseases

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiripura Vino ◽  
Gurmeet R. Singh ◽  
Belinda Davison ◽  
Patricia T. Campbell ◽  
Michael J. Lydeamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Impact

Households are an important location for the transmission of communicable diseases. Social contact between household members is typically more frequent, of greater intensity, and is more likely to involve people of different age groups than contact occurring in the general community. Understanding household structure in different populations is therefore fundamental to explaining patterns of disease transmission in these populations. Indigenous populations in Australia tend to live in larger households than non-Indigenous populations, but limited data are available on the structure of these households, and how they differ between remote and urban communities. We have developed a novel approach to the collection of household structure data, suitable for use in a variety of contexts, which provides a detailed view of age, gender, and room occupancy patterns in remote and urban Australian Indigenous households. Here we report analysis of data collected using this tool, which quantifies the extent of crowding in Indigenous households, particularly in remote areas. We use these data to generate matrices of age-specific contact rates, as used by mathematical models of infectious disease transmission. To demonstrate the impact of household structure, we use a mathematical model to simulate an influenza-like illness in different populations. Our simulations suggest that outbreaks in remote populations are likely to spread more rapidly and to a greater extent than outbreaks in non-Indigenous populations.

scholarly journals Indigenous Australian household structure: a simple data collection tool and implications for close contact transmission of communicable diseases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiripura Vino ◽  
Gurmeet R Singh ◽  
Belinda Davison ◽  
Patricia T Campbell ◽  
Michael Lydeamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Impact

Households are an important location for the transmission of communicable diseases. Social contact between household members is typically more frequent, of greater intensity, and is more likely to involve people of different age groups than contact occurring in the general community. Understanding household structure in different populations is therefore fundamental to explaining patterns of disease transmission in these populations. Indigenous populations in Australia tend to live in larger households than non Indigenous populations, but limited data is available on the structure of these households, and how they differ between remote and urban communities. We have developed a novel approach to the collection of household structure data, suitable for use in a variety of contexts, which provides a detailed view of age,gender, and room occupancy patterns in remote and urban Australian Indigenous households. Here we report analysis of data collected using this tool, which quantifies the extent of crowding in Indigenous households, particularly in remote areas. We use this data to generate matrices of age-specific contact rates, as used by mathematical models of infectious disease transmission. To demonstrate the impact of household structure, we use a mathematical model to simulate an influenza-like illness in different populations. Our simulations suggest that outbreaks in remote populations are likely to spread more rapidly and to a greater extent than outbreaks in non-Indigenous populations.

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