scholarly journals Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Prepupae Defatted Meals in Diets for Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Carlos F. C. Lanes ◽  
Fabio A. Pedron ◽  
Giovani T. Bergamin ◽  
Andressa L. Bitencourt ◽  
Brenda E. R. Dorneles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement

The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens is receiving increasing attention as a sustainable fishmeal alternative protein source for aquaculture. To date, no studies have explored the effects of fishmeal replacement with BSF V instar larvae or prepupae meals due to their peculiar nutritional properties on fish performances. This study investigated the effects of 100% replacement of fishmeal (control diet) with defatted BSF meals (V instar larvae and prepupae meals, treatments) on growth performance and welfare of zebrafish (Danio rerio), from larvae to adults, in a 60-day feeding trial. Following the inclusion of BSF meals, the expression of key genes involved in growth (igf1, igf2, mstnb, myod1, myog, myf5), hydrolysis of chitin (chia.2, chia.3, chia.5), immune- (il1b, il6, tnfα), and stress- (hsp70 and nr3c1) responses, as assessed by qPCR, was modulated in all of the molecular pathways, except for the stress response. Overall, our findings showed that both BSF meals can totally replace fishmeal without adverse impacts on adult zebrafish growth parameters (final total and standard length, final body weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate) and welfare, with BSF prepupae meal inducing the most beneficial effects, thus suggesting their potential application to meet fish requirements in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Fishmeal Replacement with Hermetia illucens Meal in Aquafeeds: Effects on Zebrafish Growth Performances, Intestinal Morphometry, and Enzymology

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Rosario Licitra ◽  
Carlo Bibbiani ◽  
Lucia Casini ◽  
Mahanama De Zoysa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Fish Intestine ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

Fishmeal (FM) is still the most important protein source in aquafeeds. However, due to the reduction of wild fish stocks used for FM production, its manufacturing it is now unsustainable. Insect meal represents a valid alternative to FM, due to the low carbon footprint of its production and its high nutritional value. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of replacing FM with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal (HIM) in aquafeeds, using zebrafish as the animal model. Four diets were formulated with increasing HIM/FM replacement rate (the control diet contained 20% FM). Mortality rates, growth performances, and feed consumptions were measured, and fish intestine samples were collected for histological and enzymatic analysis. After 49 days, all groups almost tripled their initial body weight (cumulative body weight gain ranged between 143.9 and 155.2 mg), and no statistically significant differences among treatments were observed in relation to growth performances and histological traits. Contrarily, trypsin, alkaline phosphatases, and alpha amylase–glucoamylase activities were significantly reduced when the FM replacement rate was increased. In conclusion, HIM may represent an alternative to FM, since no adverse effects were observed when it was included up to 20% in the zebrafish diet, even when replacing 100% of the FM.

Effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) enriched with Schizochytrium sp. on zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproductive performances

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 737853
Author(s):  
Giulia Chemello ◽  
Matteo Zarantoniello ◽  
Basilio Randazzo ◽  
Giorgia Gioacchini ◽  
Cristina Truzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens

Modeling the Growth of Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): An Approach to Evaluate Diet Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 742-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwatida Sripontan ◽  
Chun-I Chiu ◽  
Soisunee Tanansathaporn ◽  
Kittiya Leasen ◽  
Kuntida Manlong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Richards Model ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract The black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is an edible insect widely reared by using various types of organic wastes as its diet. Developing tools to evaluate the growth performance of BSF is crucial for improving its production. In this study, we monitored the daily growth of BSF larvae reared with 10 diets with diverse nutritional quality and compared 7 growth models for quantifying growth performance. We found that BSF generally exhibited an S-shaped growth curve and that the Richards model was the best-fitting growth model. We estimated asymptotic growth limit (W∞) and constructed a time-series curve of absolute growth rate (AGR) by using the Richards model. We used Gaussian functions to estimate AGR parameters (maximum AGR, m; timing of maximum AGR, T; the deviation of AGR, d) to evaluate whether these parameters adequately quantify the growth performance of BSF. Correlation analysis showed that the AGR parameters were mostly independent of W∞ but were correlated with the duration of the larval stage, indicating that W∞ and the AGR parameters respond to different dietary factors. The results of pairwise comparisons showed that the diets rich in carbohydrates and protein had high W∞, m, and d, and early T. The diets with low levels of carbohydrates had low W∞, and the diets with low levels of protein had low m and d and delayed T. We conclude that the parameters estimated by the Richards model could be effective indices for evaluating the growth performance of BSF and their diet quality.

scholarly journals A description of the growth of sheep and its genetic analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Lewis ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
W.S. Dingwall ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Rate Parameter ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Mature Size

AbstractThe Gompertz is one of a family of growth functions that, when the environment (e.g. food, housing) is non-limiting, provides a useful description of growth as a comparatively simple, single equation. It has three parameters of which the important ones are mature size, A, and the rate parameter, B. Estimates of A and B, however, are highly correlated and defining their separate values for individual animals is problematic. This problem was explored using five methods for estimating the parameters, or transformations of them, to describe the growth of two genotypes of Suffolk sheep kept under non-limiting conditions. One genotype was under selection for high lean growth rate and the other was its control. Live weights that were collected at least fortnightly from near birth to 150 days of age over a 9-year period on 1934 lambs were used. The Gompertz form adequately described the growth of the great majority of the lambs evaluated. When considering A and B as a lumped parameter, Z = A·B, and fitting Z, B and an initial condition (a transformed birth weight) as the parameters, the problems in estimation were substantially overcome as shown by a low correlation of Z with estimates of B both within and across animals. Usefully Z has a biological interpretation in that Z/e is the maximum daily growth rate. Since the Gompertz form adequately described growth in these sheep, the extent of genetic co-variation for the growth parameters values (A, B, Z) was estimated to determine if they were amenable to selection. A weighted univariate animal model was fitted. Mature size, A, and the rate parameter, B, were moderately heritable (0·37 (s.e. 0·04) and 0·38 (s.e. 0·05), respectively) as was live weight at 150 days of age (0·31 (s.e. 0·06)). However there was a substantial negative genetic relationship between A and B (–0·48). Z was highly heritable (0·72 (s.e.0·05)). After 9 years of selection, the genotype selected for high lean growth rate was heavier (P < 0·001) at 150 days of age (5·2 kg) and at maturity (6·6 kg), with a maximum growth rate (Z/e) that was 1·12 times that of the control. Our lumped parameter Z, in effect a rate parameter scaled for mature size, avoided problems in estimating A and B and, in so doing, offers a general and robust description of lamb growth amenable to selection.

scholarly journals Substitution of Fishmeal with Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens Linnaeus, 1758 Larvae in Finfish Aquaculture – A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANIYANGAMAGE KASUN CHATHURANGA PRIYADARSHANA ◽  
◽  
CHAMINDA NIROSHAN WALPITA ◽  
MANOHARAN NAVEENAN ◽  
MANJULA PRIYANTHA SUMITH MAGAMAGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Wide Range

The reliance of aquaculture feed industry on fishmeal has been challenged by ecological, economic, and ethical limitations leading fish nutritionists to look for viable alternatives, and conventional animal-based protein sources showed varying degrees of success in this regard. However, a non-conventional protein source, black soldier fly Hermetia illucens Linnaeus, 1758 larvae (BSFL), received due attention as a focal point in fish nutrition research. Though many studies were conducted on H. illucens as a potential protein source for fish, a comprehensive review is not available. Therefore, this article aims to review the existing literature on the use of BSFL as a fishmeal replacer in aquaculture. The nutrient composition of BSFL varied with the developmental stage and the composition of growing medium. High crude protein levels (40.4–56.2 %) and high crude fat levels (4.8–24.8 %) made BSFL suitable for high protein and high energy diet. Early prepupa was the best stage for harvesting, considering its high crude protein content and dry matter yield and less chitin content. Up to 100 % inclusion levels of BSFL meal were tested in a wide range of fish species. Most studies revealed that up to 50 % of fishmeal replacement would be possible without negative effects on the fish. Notable adverse effects were found beyond 50 % of fishmeal replacement, mainly due to high chitin levels in the pupal stage and high crude fat levels. Harvesting BSFL before the pupal stage and defattening made it possible to replace 100 % of fishmeal without adverse effects on fish.

scholarly journals Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Meal and Paste Improved Gut Health but Had Minor Effects on Skin Mucus Proteome and Immune Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabodha Weththasinghe ◽  
Leidy Lagos ◽  
Marcos Cortés ◽  
Jon Øvrum Hansen ◽  
Margareth Øverland
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Pyloric Caeca

The present study investigated effects of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) meal and paste on gut health, plasma biochemical parameters, immune response and skin mucus proteome in pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The seven-week experiment consisted of seven experimental diets: a control diet based on fishmeal and plant protein (Control-1); three BSFL meal diets, substituting 6.25% (6.25IM), 12.5% (12.5IM) and 25% (25IM) of protein; two BSFL paste diets, substituting 3.7% (3.7IP) and 6.7% (6.7IP) of protein and an extra control diet with 0.88% of formic acid (Control-2). The 6.25IM diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, improved distal intestine histology, and reduced IgM in distal intestine. The fish fed 12.5IM diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, improved distal intestine histology, had a higher plasma lysozyme content compared to 6.25IM, and tend to increase phagocytic activity in head-kidney macrophages-like cells. On the other hand, 25IM diet improved distal intestine histology, but showed mild-moderate enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, increased IFNγ and reduced IgM in distal intestine. In the case of BSFL paste diets, 3.7IP diet caused mild inflammatory changes in distal intestine, although it reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca. The 6.7IP diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca and improved distal intestine histology. Increasing level of BSFL meal in the diet linearly decreased plasma C-reactive protein, whereas increasing level of BSFL paste linearly increased plasma antioxidant capacity. Dietary inclusion of BSFL meal and paste had minor effects on the expression profile of proteins in skin mucus and no effects on immune markers in splenocytes. BSFL meal showed no negative effect on liver and muscle health as indicated by plasma alanine aminotranseferase, asparate aminotransferase and creatine kinase. The present study showed that replacing conventional protein sources with low to moderate levels of BSFL meal (6.25% and 12.5%) or paste (3.7% and 6.7%) reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, while replacing up to 25% with BSFL meal or 6.7% with paste improved distal intestine histology. Further, dietary inclusion of BSFL meal and paste had minor effects on skin mucus proteome and immune response in Atlantic salmon.

Evaluation of pineapple crush waste meal as an energy feedstuff in the diets of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Y. Akegbejo-Samsons ◽  
T. Omoniyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Performance Results

Pineapple crush waste (PCW) was used to replace maize as an energy source in the diets of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five diets (31.52-32.51% crude protein) was formulated in which yellow maize was replaced at varying level with pineapple waste as follows: Diet 1 (100% yellow maize), diet 2 (75% yellow maize, 25% PCW), diet 3 (50% yello maize, 50% PCW), diet 4 (25% yellow maize, 75% PCW), diet 5 (100%PCW). Growth performance of fish was highest in diet 4 for all investigated growth parameters such as average daily growth (0.73g), final body weight (76.21g) and protein efficiency ratio (2.02). differences in FCR and PER were not significantly different between all diets. Diet with 100% PCW had the least growth performance. Results from the study showed that PCW was better utilized by Tilapia fish when the level of its replacement was either equal or slightly higher than that of yellow maize. Tilapia fish did not thrive well when the maize in practical diets was replaced completely with PCW.

scholarly journals Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens as an Alternative to Fishmeal Protein and Fish Oil: Impact on Growth, Immune Response, Mucosal Barrier Status, and Flesh Quality of Juvenile Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Amanda Hender ◽  
Muhammad Siddik ◽  
Janet Howieson ◽  
Ravi Fotedar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Flesh Quality ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

A feeding trial was conducted to test the effects of partial replacement of fishmeal (FM) protein and fish oil (FO) with partially defatted black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens insect protein, and oil, respectively, on growth performance, immune response, gut and skin barrier status, and flesh quality in juvenile barramundi. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets used in the study were a control diet based on FM, 30% FM replaced with H. illucens protein (HiP), 30% FO replaced with H. illucens oil (HiO), and both 30% FM and 30% FO replaced with H. illucens protein and oil (HiPO). Diets were fed twice a day to satiety in triplicated groups of barramundi with an initial body weight of 1.74 ± 0.15 g per fish. At the end of the trial, growth and feed utilization indices were found insignificant (p > 0.05) between the test diets and control. A significant increase in bactericidal activity was observed in fish fed the HiP diet while serum lysozyme activity was unchanged. Stress-related heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) did not differ significantly among the test diets while immune-relevant genes (IL-1β and IL-10) were significantly upregulated in HiP and HiOP groups. The number of mucin cells were increased in the gut and skin of HiP and HiOP fed fish when compared to the control diet. The total fatty acid compositions (∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, ∑n-3, and ∑n-6) in the muscles of barramundi were not significantly influenced with H. illucens protein and oil diets when compared to the control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Supplementation of Defatted Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Beagle Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.J. Lei ◽  
T.H. Kim ◽  
J.H. Park ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to test the effects of supplementation of defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) meal in beagle dogs. A total of nine healthy female beagles (initial body weight 12.1 ± 1.76 kg) were fed grain-based diets with three levels of BSFL meal (0, 1% or 2%) in a 42-day feeding trial. At the end of week 6 of the experiment, all dogs were intraperitoneally challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 100 μg/kg of body weight. Albumin concentration was linearly increased with increasing BSFL meal level (P<0.05). A linear increase (P<0.05) in calcium concentration was observed when increasing dietary BSFL meal. Although dietary treatments did not affect the digestibility of ether extract, the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein were linearly increased with increasing the level of BSFL meal. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α was linearly decreased but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentration was linearly increased when increasing the level of BSFL meal at 6 h after challenge (P<0.05). In addition, there were quadratic increases in concentrations of GPx and superoxide dismutase with increasing dietary BSFL meal level at 3 h after challenge (P<0.05). These findings from the present study demonstrate that BSFL meal can be supplemented in the diet to convert beneficial effects to beagle dogs, indicated as improved digestibility of dry matter and crude protein and anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capacity.

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