scholarly journals In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Selvaraj Arokiyaraj ◽  
Myunggi Baik ◽  
Ridha Ibidhi ◽  
Shin Ja Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ch4 Production

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic residues in animal products; thus, plant compounds may be better alternative sources for mitigating methane (CH4) production. An in vitro screening experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential application of 152 dry methanolic or ethanolic extracts from 137 plant species distributed in East Asian countries as anti-methanogenic additives in ruminant feed. The experimental material consisted of 200 mg total mixed ration, 20 mg plant extract, and 30 mL diluted ruminal fluid-buffer mixture in 60 mL serum bottles that were sealed with rubber stoppers and incubated at 39 °C for 24 h. Among the tested extracts, eight extracts decreased CH4 production by >20%, compared to the corresponding controls: stems of Vitex negundo var. incisa, stems of Amelanchier asiatica, fruit of Reynoutria sachalinensis, seeds of Tribulus terrestris, seeds of Pharbitis nil, leaves of Alnus japonica, stem and bark of Carpinus tschonoskii, and stems of Acer truncatum. A confirmation assay of the eight plant extracts at a dosage of 10 mg with four replications repeated on 3 different days revealed that the extracts decreased CH4 concentration in the total gas (7–15%) and total CH4 production (17–37%), compared to the control. This is the first report to identify the anti-methanogenic activities of eight potential plant extracts. All extracts decreased ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations. Negative effects on total gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were also noted for all extracts that were rich in hydrolysable tannins and total saponins or fatty acids. The underlying modes of action differed among plants: extracts from P. nil, V. negundo var. incisa, A. asiatica, and R. sachalinensis resulted in a decrease in total methanogen or the protozoan population (p < 0.05) but extracts from other plants did not. Furthermore, extracts from P. nil decreased the population of total protozoa and increased the proportion of propionate among VFAs (p < 0.05). Identifying bioactive compounds in seeds of P. nil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed enrichment of linoleic acid (18:2). Overall, seeds of P. nil could be a possible alternative to ionophores or oil seeds to mitigate ruminal CH4 production.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

scholarly journals GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF WEDELIA GLAUCA (ORTEGA) O. HOFFM. EX HICKEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Krishnavignesh L Krishnavignesh ◽  
Mahalakshmipriya A ◽  
Ramesh M
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ms Analysis

  Objective: Continued resistance toward the antibiotics urges us to explore newer antibiotics. Plants are being the safer source of antibiotics with lesser or no side effects. This study was designed to study the presence of phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of leaf and flower extracts of Wedelia glauca against urinary tract infection causing pathogens.Methods: The plant leaves were extracted with five different solvents based on the polarity. The extraction was done using soxhalation. Antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method for both the sample and standard. The acetone plant extract was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for screening phytoconstituents.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of diverse phytoconstituents in the plant. The different extracts exhibited a considerable antimicrobial potential. Among the solvents used acetone extract showed comparably better antimicrobial activity with 100% of inhibition rate with the maximum zone of inhibition of 1.6±0.77 mm against Staphylococcus sp. and Aspergillus sp. at the concentration of 5 mg. GC-MS analysis provided 8 major peaks which revealed the existence of a variety of bioactive compounds which may attribute to the efficacy of the plant.Conclusion: W. glauca leaf and flower extracts displayed a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity and can be considered as a potential source of newer antibiotic compounds.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro anti-bacterial activities of Desplatsia dewevrei (De Wild. & T. Durand)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 373-404
Author(s):  
Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo ◽  
MacDonald Idu ◽  
Anne O. Itemire
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Bacterial Effect

Phytochemicals have been reported to have direct and/or indirect influence on the antibacterial potentials of useful plants. The present study was aimed at determining the phyto-components by traditional methods and GC-MS analysis alongside testing the anti-bacterial activities of Desplatsia dewevrei leaves and fruits. The maceration of 500 g of Desplatsia dewevrei powder in methanol yielded 5.7 g of extract. Qualitatively coumarins were found to be richly present in the leaves while, quinones were most evidently present in the fruits of Desplatsia dewevrei. Quantitative analyses show that the phenolic and tannic acid contents of Desplatsia dewevrei may be the chief compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity of the plant. GC-MS results of Desplatsia dewevrei fruits and leaves respectively showed Gas Chromatograms having 33 and 63 peaks representing different phyto-compounds. Of the 33 and 63 phyto-compounds, Cyclohexanepropanol, alpha.,2,2,6-tetrame-thyl and Farnesyl bromide were recurrent at different retention time. Although Desplatsia dewevrei showed no zone of inhibition for gram negative bacteria, its inhibitory effect on gram positive bacteria is significant. In conclusion, D. dewevrei is a phytochemical rich plant. However, a further study on the anti-bacterial effect of Desplatsia dewevrei using solvent extracts other than methanol is recommended for future incorporation in drug development.

scholarly journals GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, IN VITRO ACTIVITIES, AND IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING OF MAJOR COMPONENTS OF MICHELIA ALBA DC ESSENTIAL OIL AND SCENTED EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Thongchai Khammee ◽  
Amornmart Jaratrungtawee ◽  
Mayoso Kuno
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Objective: The essential oil and scented extracts of Michelia alba DC. were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and investigated for antidiabetic activities in vitro and in silico.Methods: The identification of steam distilled essential oil and scented extracts of M. alba was performed by GC–MS on the Agilent 7890A chromatograph couple with GC-7000 Mass Triple Quadrupole. The extractions have been evaluated the antidiabetic activities by alpha-amylase (α-amylase) assay using starch as substrates. In addition, computational molecular docking analysis of significant components was studied to understanding how selected compounds interacted with α-amylase using AutoDock 4.2.Results: The yields of M. alba of steam distilled essential oil and solvent extractions including hexane, diethyl ether, and dichloromethane were 0.16%, 0.02%, 0.47%, and 0.92%, respectively. GC–MS analysis of essential oil revealed that the main component was monoterpenoids β-linalool (65.03%). Meanwhile, 2-methylbutanoic acid was a primary in hexane extract (36.54%) and dichloromethane extract (33.07%). In the case of ether extract, the primary compound was β-linalool (37.32%) same as in essential oil. The antidiabetic activities evaluation demonstrates that essential oil and scented extracts have shown promising α-amylase inhibition activity. Essential oil from steam distillation revealed the best inhibition potential with a half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 0.67±4.7 mg/ml and their significant components demonstrated negative binding energies, indicating a high affinity to the α-amylase-binding site using molecular docking simulation.Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that essential oil and scented extracts of M. alba DC possess in vitro α-amylase activities and can be used for therapy of diabetes.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM L. MATON

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Prabu P ◽  
Edayadulla N ◽  
Anand S
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine the possible phytoconstituents identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of an ethanolic leaves extract of Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton.Methods: The extraction of E. cardamomum was done by cold solvent extraction system at room temperature. GC-MS analysis of lyophilized ethanolic leaves extract of plant samples was carried out by GC-MS-GC Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer. Results: In E. cardamomum, 21 phytochemicals were identified among which retinal, 9-cis-showed the highest area (44.86%) and benzeneethanamine, α-methyl- showed the lowest area (0.12%). The major compounds identified were retinal, 9-cis-, 1-heptatriacotanol, phytol, n-hexadecanoic acid, naphthalene,decahydro-1,1,4atrimethyl-6-methylene-5-(3-methyl-2-4-pentadienyl)-[4aS-(4aα,5α,8aα)]-, β-pinene, 2H-pytan-3-ol,6- ethenyltetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-and cyclopropane, trimethanol, (2-methyl-1-propanylidene).Conclusion: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbon alkane, ester, terpenes, phenolic compounds, steroids, and fatty acids in E. cardamomum. These active phytoconstituents contribute to the medicinal efficacy of the plant, and the plant can be used for the sourcing of these compounds.

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