scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Animal Protection Law and Opinion of Sheep Farmers and Lay Citizens Regarding Animal Maltreatment in Sheep Farming in Southern Brazil

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1903
Author(s):  
Vanessa Souza Soriano ◽  
Clive Julian Christie Phillips ◽  
Cesar Augusto Taconeli ◽  
Alessandra Akemi Hashimoto Fragoso ◽  
Carla Forte Maiolino Molento
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Sheep Farmer ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Regular Production ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
The Many ◽  
On Farm

We aimed to study the gaps between the law and sheep farmer and citizen opinions regarding animal maltreatment by discussing the risk of sheep maltreatment in regular farming practices in Southern Brazil. We surveyed the perception of 56 farmers and 209 citizens regarding general animal and specific on-farm sheep maltreatment issues. The main themes from these two groups about the key components of animal maltreatment were similar: failing to provide for the basic animal needs (27.0%; 96 of 355 total quotes) and aggression or physical abuse (23.9%; 85/355). However, citizens (19.8%; 60/303) were more sensitive than farmers (9.6%; 5/52) to animal stress, suffering, fear, pain or painful procedures (p < 0.05). The perspective of citizens was closer than that of farmers to expert definitions for three situations: emaciation, movement restriction and tail docking without anesthetic use (p < 0.05). More citizens (71.6%; 116/162) than sheep farmers (49.0%; 24/49) believed that animal maltreatment occurs in sheep farming (p < 0.05), but nearly half of the farmers recognized sheep maltreatment within regular production practices. Most citizens (86.4%; 140/162) and all farmers (100.0%; 0/51) were unaware of any Brazilian animal protection law. Most citizens (79%; 131/167) stated that they would not purchase products from animals exposed to maltreatment. We suggest painful procedures as a major risk of animal maltreatment in sheep farming and a priority issue. With the many decades of animal protection laws and scientific recognition of animal sentience and welfare requirements, the level of cognitive dissonance and practical contradictions observed in our results indicate that mitigation policies are urgently needed.

scholarly journals 83 Evaluation of transmammary-delivered firocoxib and an ethyl chloride spray to mitigate pain associated with processing procedures in piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Abbie V Viscardi ◽  
Elizabeth Shirtcliff ◽  
Emily Eppler ◽  
Savannah Miller ◽  
Johann Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Piglets raised in commercial production systems in the U.S. undergo painful management procedures, including surgical castration, tail docking and ear notching, without analgesia or anesthesia provision for pain relief. This is a significant animal welfare concern. There is an immediate need to identify the most practical and effective analgesia or anesthesia option for use on-farm. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 2.0mg/kg firocoxib, administered to the sow and delivered transmammary to her piglets, and a vapocoolant spray (ethyl chloride) to reduce processing pain. Five-day old male and female Yorkshire-cross piglets were used. 2.0mg/kg firocoxib was administered to the sow intramuscularly 7h prior to processing piglets. An ethyl chloride spray was applied to the ears, tail and scrotum of the piglets immediately before ear notching, tail docking and surgical castration, respectively. Piglets were assigned to one of four treatment groups: firocoxib and vapocoolant spray (FV; n=32), firocoxib only (F; n=32), vapocoolant spray only (V; n=32), no treatment (CON; n=32). The observation period was from 24h pre- to 48h post-processing (specific time points = baseline, 0h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 7h, 24h, 30h, 36h, 48h). Preliminary results found piglets displayed significantly more pain-related behaviors at 24h and 30h post-processing than at most other time points (p&lt; 0.05). Piglets had significantly higher cranial temperatures at 7h post-processing than all other time points (p&lt; 0.05). There was a trend in FV and F piglets having a higher cranial temperature at 36h post-processing compared to V and CON piglets (p=0.08). All piglets had significantly higher hair cortisol levels at 4 vs 20-days old (p&lt; .0001); however, there were no significant treatment effects on cranial temperature, hair cortisol or pain behavior, suggesting firocoxib and the ethyl chloride spray were unable to significantly reduce piglet pain post-processing. Further study analysis is needed to confirm these initial findings.

scholarly journals Piglet Gut and in-Barn Manure from Farms on a Raised without Antibiotics Program Display Reduced Antimicrobial Resistance but an Increased Prevalence of Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Chekabab ◽  
John R. Lawrence ◽  
Alvin C. Alvarado ◽  
Bernardo Z. Predicala ◽  
Darren R. Korber
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

In response to new stringent regulations in Canada regarding the use of antibiotics in animal production, many farms have implemented practices to produce animals that are raised without antibiotics (RWA) from birth to slaughter. This study aims to assess the impact of RWA production practices on reducing the actual total on-farm use of antibiotics, the occurrence of pathogens, and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A 28-month longitudinal surveillance of farms that adopted the RWA program and conventional farms using antibiotics in accordance with the new regulations (non-RWA) was conducted by collecting fecal samples from 6-week-old pigs and composite manure from the barn over six time points and applying whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the prevalence of AMR genes as well as the abundance of pathogens. Analysis of in-barn drug use records confirmed the decreased consumption of antibiotics in RWA barns compared to non-RWA barns. WGS analyses revealed that RWA barns had reduced the frequency of AMR genes in piglet feces and in-barn manure. However, metagenomic analyses showed that RWA barns had a significant increase in the frequency of pathogenic Firmicutes in fecal samples and pathogenic Proteobacteria in barn manure samples.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE DYSONANCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
T. Krech ◽  
I. Milyeva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

The language system is susceptible to the many changes that occur in society and the consciousness of its members. Language units can be motivated by taboos – a phenomenon that causes a person to abandon the use of some language units and replace them with others that are more suitable for this communicative situation. Such a replacement is due to mental rejection, emotional discomfort, in fact, cognitive dissonance, which is born as a result of various objective and subjective factors. The presence in the human mind of a fideistic attitude to the word is a psychological reality. Therefore, the use of replacement words as a result of a certain mental discomfort has become the subject of research not only for linguists, but also for scientists who deal with issues of culture, religion, ethnography, and especially psychology. Some sources that we used to write an article are not so much of a linguistic nature, but rather of a psycholinguistic one. At the same time, scientists note that consciously or unconsciously, but a person always feels a greater role of associative connections between a word and a named subject. The purpose of the article is to study language units motivated by ancient remnants, and to determine the role of euphemisms in the communication process. It is these “soft” expressions that make speech more pleasant, one that protects the psyche and aesthetic feelings of a person.

Creating a farmer sustainability index: A Malaysian case study

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Taylor ◽  
Zainal Abidin Mohamed ◽  
Mad Nasir Shamsudin ◽  
Mohd Ghazali Mohayidin ◽  
Eddie F.C. Chiew
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Relative Measure ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
On Farm

AbstractIn on-farm studies of sustainable agriculture, farmers often have been classified as sustainable according to their organizational affiliation; self identification; or use or non-use of a particular production practice or input, usually synthetic chemicals. Because this is a great oversimplification, researchers recently have been incorporating several dimensions of sustainability into a composite measure. Typically this is a relative measure of sustainability, with scores assigned by comparing individual farmers' practices to those used by all farmers. In contrast, in the farmer sustainability index (FSI) presented here, practices are scored according to their inherent sustainability. We report on the development of an FSI in a case study involving 33 production practices used by 85 cabbage farmers in Malaysia. We describe its underlying principles, the procedure and rationale for scoring each sustainability item, and the result of combining the constituent items into a composite index.

scholarly journals On-Farm Welfare Assessment Protocol for Suckling Piglets: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Marika Vitali ◽  
Elena Santacroce ◽  
Federico Correa ◽  
Chiara Salvarani ◽  
Francesca Paola Maramotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
On Farm

Piglets experience welfare issues during the nursery phase. This pilot study aimed to test a protocol for identifying the main welfare issues in suckling piglets and to investigate relationships among animal-based indicators and management conditions. Litters (n = 134), composed of undocked and tail-docked piglets, were assessed at two farms. After birth, observations were made at the age of 7 days and 20 days. At each observation, housing conditions (HCs) were measured, and 13 animal-based indicators, modified from Welfare Quality, Classyfarm, Assurewel and others introduced ex novo, were recorded. A generalized linear mixed model was used, considering animal-based indicators as dependent variables and farm, piglets’ age, tail docking and HCs as independent variables. The main welfare issues were lesions of the limb (32.6%) and the front area of the body (22.8%), a poor body condition score (BCS) (16.1%), ear lesions (15.5%), and tail lesions (9.7%). Negative social behaviour (e.g., fighting and biting) represented 7.0% of the active behaviour, with tail biting observed in 8.7% of the piglets. While lesions on the front areas of the body were mostly associated with the farm, tail lesions, low BCS, tear staining, and diarrhoea were associated with light and nest temperature (p < 0.05). In particular, tail biting increased with scarce light (p = 0.007). Tail docking did not influence any animal-based indicator except for tear staining which was higher in the tail-docked as compared to the undocked piglets (p = 0.05), increasing awareness on this practice as a source of negative emotion in piglets. The protocol tested may be a promising tool for assessing on-farm piglets’ welfare.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the adoption of improved vegetable production practices among women farmers in Aguata-Agricultural Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria

Agrosearch ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
L.E. Odoemlam ◽  
F.C. Nzeakor
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
On Farm

The study examined the level and determinants of adoption of improved vegetable production practices in the study area. A three-stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 160 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. Results on adoption level of the selected improved vegetable production practices indicated that improved seeds had a grand mean of 𝑥̅ = 3.17, field preparation (𝑥̅ = 3.19), planting distance (𝑥̅ = 2.99), water management (𝑥̅ = 3.43), fertilizer/organic manure application (𝑥̅ = 3.55), pesticides (𝑥̅ = 2.57), harvesting ( 𝑥̅= 5.00) and storage procedure (𝑥̅ = 4.89) based on 5-point Likert scale adoption level. On factors influencing adoption of improved vegetable production practices, the result revealed that farm size (1.00188***), credit access (4.704902**), on-farm demonstration (2.900749**) and farm labour (1.295902***) had a positive and significant influence on improved vegetable production practices by the respondents. The result further indicated that the age (0.3135258***) and the off-farm income (0.0870768) of the farmers had a negative influence on the adoption of improved vegetable production practices. Based on these findings, the study revealed that the women farmers could have full adoption of the improved production practices if the factors are adequately addressed. The study therefore recommends that before the introduction of a new technology, the ADPs should ensure that maximum audience analysis is carried out to address some of the factors influencing adoption. Besides, introduction of new technologies to farmers should go hand-in-hand with on-farm demonstration since it is by that they would develop confidence and allay their fears associated with improved practices.

scholarly journals Five Independent Lineages Revealed by Integrative Taxonomy in the Dendropsophus nanus–Dendropsophus walfordi Species Complex

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Karin Seger ◽  
Bernardo da Veiga Teixeira ◽  
Fabiane Annibale ◽  
Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres ◽  
Albertina Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
The Many

One of the many taxonomic challenges found in the Dendropsophus microcephalus species group is the Dendropsophus walfordi distinction from D. nanus. Recent phylogenetic inferences have indicated the paraphyly of these species, although they were not designed to assess this issue. To contribute to the delimitation of these species, we analyzed the 12S, 16S and COI mitochondrial genes, the morphological traits, and the advertisement calls of specimens from northern Amazonia to Argentina, including the type localities of D. nanus and D. walfordi. Paraphyly of D. nanus with respect to D. walfordi was inferred by maximum-parsimony and Bayesian analyses, and five major clades exhibiting nonoverlapping geographic distributions were recognized. The bPTP and ABGD analyses supported the existence of five independently evolving lineages in this complex. Acoustic and morphological data clearly distinguished the clade that included the topotypes of D. walfordi from the others, corroborating the validity of this species. To avoid the paraphyly of D. nanus with respect to D. walfordi, we recognize the clade distributed from central-southern Brazil to Argentina as D. nanus, the clade distributed in Amazonia as D. walfordi, and discuss the existence of unnamed cryptic species closely related to D. nanus and D. walfordi.

Animal Rights

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Waldau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Animal Rights Movement ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

In this compelling volume in the What Everyone Needs to Know series, Paul Waldau expertly navigates the many heated debates surrounding the complex and controversial animal rights movement. Organized around a series of probing questions, this timely resource offers the most complete, even-handed survey of the animal rights movement available. The book covers the full spectrum of issues, beginning with a clear, highly instructive definition of animal rights. Waldau looks at the different concerns surrounding companion animals, wild animals, research animals, work animals, and animals used for food, provides a no-nonsense assessment of the treatment of animals, and addresses the philosophical and legal arguments that form the basis of animal rights. Along the way, readers will gain insight into the history of animal protection-as well as the political and social realities facing animals today-and become familiar with a range of hot-button topics, from animal cognition and autonomy, to attempts to balance animal cruelty versus utility. Chronicled here are many key figures and organizations responsible for moving the animal rights movement forward, as well as legislation and public policy that have been carried out around the world in the name of animal rights and animal protection. The final chapter of this indispensable volume looks ahead to the future of animal rights, and delivers an animal protection mandate for citizens, scientists, governments, and other stakeholders. With its multidisciplinary, non-ideological focus and all-inclusive coverage, Animal Rights represents the definitive survey of the animal rights movement-one that will engage every reader and student of animal rights, animal law, and environmental ethics.

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