scholarly journals Soybean Oil Replacement by Poultry Fat in Broiler Diets: Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Plasma Lipid Profile and Muscle Fatty Acids Content

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2609
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Saleh ◽  
Abdulrahman S. Alharthi ◽  
Rashed A. Alhotan ◽  
Mustafa Shukry Atta ◽  
Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Poultry Fat

Continuous genetic improvements of commercial broiler strains has led to the necessity of using fats in their rations to fulfill a large portion of the energetic requirements. Several fat sources have been introduced in poultry nutrition, such as rendering poultry fat (PF) an available and cheap lipid source compared to conventional sources such as soybean oil (SO). The present study investigated the effect of partial or full replacement of SO by PF on performance, nutrient digestibility, blood lipids, and fatty acids (FAs) content of pectoral muscle. Four hundred and eighty one-day-old male Ross-308 chicks were distributed into four experimental groups (12 replicates each): the first group (control) was fed a diet formulated with soybean oil as a fat source while the second to fourth groups (PF25, PF50, and PF100) were fed diets formulated with 25, 50 and 100% of PF as a fat source instead of SO. Results revealed no synergistic effect between SO and PF in any of the studied parameters. Replacing SO by PF did not alter birds’ growth, carcass characteristics, and plasma indices of birds. Abdominal fat% was increased (p < 0.01) in PF50 and PF100. Dry matter digestibility was improved (p < 0.05) in PF50 and PF100, while crude fat and protein digestibility was not affected. Contents of palmitic and docosahexaenoic acids in the pectoral muscle of PF50 and PF100 were reduced (p < 0.01) while concentrations of oleic and linolenic acids, total unsaturated FAs, and polyunsaturated FAs/Saturated FAs ratio were elevated (p < 0.05) in the same groups. Liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and muscle vitamin E contents were not altered. The dietary addition of PF greatly improved economic parameters. In conclusion, PF can be used as a lipid source in broiler diets to produce inexpensive meat while maintaining its growth performance.

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

scholarly journals PSXII-31 Severity of hay processing on dry matter intake, sorting behaviour, and apparent total tract digestibility in lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Liam Kelln
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The objective was to evaluate digestibility and sorting behaviour of grass hay processed to differing severities. Thirty-six wether lambs were used in a completely randomized design and fed diets consisting of grass hay (82.2 %), whole barley (15.7 %), and a mineral-vitamin supplement (2.1 %). Treatments included: unprocessed hay (CON); shredded hay (SHRED); chopped hay (CHOP); and ground hay (GRIND). Lambs were fed their respective diet for 20 d followed by 4 d for measurement of feed intake and fecal output. Lambs fed CON (1.23 kg and 3.24 %) had greater DMI (P = 0.04 and 0.05) compared to CHOP (1.04 kg and 2.71 % BW), with SHRED (1.17 kg and 3.11 % BW) and GRIND (1.13 kg and 2.97 % BW) being intermediate. Undigestible NDF intake tended to decrease as processing severity increased (P = 0.05). Dry matter digestibility (67.6, 66.2, 59.6, and 60.8 % for CON, SHRED, CHOP, and GRIND, respectively; P &lt; 0.01) generally decreased as the severity of forage processing increased. Crude protein digestibility was greatest in CON (68.6 %) compared to SHRED (60.83 %), CHOP (58.7 %), and GRIND (58.5 %; P &lt; 0.01). ADF and aNDFom digestibilities were greater for CON (57.4 and 67.2 %) and SHRED (60.0 and 67.9 %) compared to CHOP (44.8 and 54.6 %) and GRIND (48.3 and 58.5 %; P &lt; 0.001). CON and SHRED lambs sorted for larger particle sizes (particles &gt; 19 mm and 8 to 19 mm; P &lt; 0.001 and 0.025, respectively) while CHOP and GRIND lambs sorted for smaller particles (particles 4 to 8 mm and particles &lt; 4 mm; P &lt; 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). These results indicate that processing of grass hay does not increase nutrient digestibility partly because of the sorting behaviour of lambs.

Effects of processing and fat content of coarse canola screenings on voluntary intake and total tract nutrient digestibility of beef steers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pylot ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
V. J. Racz ◽  
D. A. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Voluntary Intake

The effects of feeding canola screenings on voluntary intake (VI) and nutrient digestibility by growing steers were determined in two experiments. Twelve steers were involved in the first experiment to study the effects of processing (grinding and pelleting) of canola screenings on VI and apparent total tract dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), fatty acid digestibility (FAD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD). In the second experiment, the effects of fat level from canola screenings on VI and total tract nutrient digestibilities were determined using 12 steers. The fat levels tested were 67, 100, 128, and 162 g kg−1 ether extract (EE). Feeding processed canola screenings (176 g kg−1 EE) reduced (P < 0.05) VI by 31% and improved (P < 0.05) DMD, CPD, and FAD by 18, 19, and 28%, respectively. Processing of canola screenings reduced (P < 0.05) ADFD by 15% with no effect on NDFD. Increasing dietary fat level from 67 to 162 g kg−1 reduced VI in a quadratic manner (P < 0.05) and improved NDFD in a linear (P < 0.05) fashion. However, DMD, CPD, and ADFD were not affected by fat level in the diet. Total tract digestibility of fatty acids decreased linearly (P < 0.05) from 822 to 640 g kg−1 with increasing dietary fat level. The results of the study indicate that dietary fat from canola screenings at levels up to 100 g kg−1 can be fed to growing steers without detrimental effects on feed intake. Key words: Canola screenings, fat, intake, nutrient utilization, steers.

scholarly journals Effect of fungal fermentation on the nutrient digestibility of guar meal in Penaeus vannamei

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jannathulla ◽  
J. Syama Dayal ◽  
K. Ambasankar ◽  
M. Muralidhar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Guar Meal ◽  
Fungal Fermentation ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids

A 30-days indoor feeding trail was carried out to determine the nutrient digestibility of untreated and fermented guar meal (GRM) in Penaeus vannamei. The fermented guar meal was prepared by solid state fermentation using the fungus Aspergillus niger. A reference diet was formulated based on the dietary requirements of shrimp and test diets were prepared using the ingredient substitution method of reference diet and test ingredient at 7:3 ratio. Results revealed that the fungal fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased dry matter digestibility of GRM from 48.86 to 54.27% and crude protein digestibility from 64.41 to 68.54%. Significant (p<0.05) improvement was observed in the digestibility of all the aminoacids with fermented GRM compared to the untreated GRM. The range of essential amino acids digestibility was increased from 59.4-69.6% to 61.5-73.6% post-fermentation. Lysine in essential amino acids and serine in nonessential amino acids showed the highest digestibility in both untreated and fermented GRM whereas a better improvement was observed witharginine (9.79%) and glutamic acid (8.59%) due to fermentation. The present results of increased digestibility parameters in fermented GRM were attributed to the amelioration of anti-nutritional factors and reduction of fibre fractions.

A comparison of washed and unwashed bags to determine the apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, energy and crude protein in feeds for swine using the mobile nylon bag technique

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyan Qiao ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Line Equation

Five feeds and five castrates were used to study the effects of washing rather than scrapping feces fr om bags on nutrient digestibility obtained with the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT). Using unwashed bags, the MNBT and the conventional indicator method (CON) produced similar dry matter digestibility (DMD) with barley being the only ingredient where a difference (P < 0.05) was obtained between the two techniques. The linear regression equation was CON DMD = 5.39 + 0.92 MNBT DMD (r2 = 0.95). The MNBT overestimated DMD with a bias of less than 0.1%. When washed bags were used, differences (P < 0.05) were obtained between the two techniques for barley, corn and oats and the MNBT overestimated DMD with a bias of 6.6%. There were no differences in gross energy digestibility (GED) when obtained with the indicator method or the MNBT using unwashed bags. The regression line equation was CON GED = 3.85 + 0.94 MNBT GED (r2 = 0.95) and the MNBT overestimated GED with a bias of 1.4%. When washed bags were used, significant (P < 0.05) differences were obtained between techniques for GED with barley, corn, and oats. The MNBT overestimated GED with a bias of 7.3%. With unwashed bags, there were no differences in crude protein digestibility (CPD) obtained with the indicator method or the MNBT, with the exception of the mixed diet. The regression line equation was CON CPD = 28.16 + 0.60 MNBT CPD (r2 = 0.53) and the MNBT overestimated CPD with a bias of 3%. When washed bags were used, significant (P < 0.05) differences were obtained between techniques for barley, corn, oats, wheat and the mixed diet, and the MNBT overestimated CPD with a bias of 12.8%. The overall results of this experiment indicate that washing bags greatly overestimates nutrient digestibility coefficients obtained with the MNBT. Key words: Nylon bag, pigs, digestibility, protein, energy, cannula

Cardioprotective Effects of Diet with Different Grains on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidative System in Obesity-Induced Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
H. Shin ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats

In the present study, the nutritional quality of four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) were evaluated in terms of plasma lipid parameters, gut transit time, and thickness of the aortic wall in rats. The rats were then raised for 4 weeks on the high-fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93 G) diets containing 1 % cholesterol and 20 % dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the following grains: WR, AD, BW, or WB. The level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in liver was shown to be higher in rats by the order of those fed WR, AD, GB, and BW. This indicates that other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group (p < 0.05). Plasma lipid profiles differed significantly according to grain combination, and decreased aortic wall thickness was consistent with the finding of decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in rats fed AD, BW, and GB (p < 0.001). The antioxidant and hypolipidemic capacities of grains are quite high, especially those of adlay, buckwheat, and glutinous barley. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the whole grains had a cardioprotective effect. This effect was related to several mechanisms that corresponded to lowering plasma lipids, decreasing TBARS, and increasing antioxidant activities.

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

scholarly journals PSXI-32 Effects of algae DHA on fatty acid profile of plasma red blood cell membrane and fecal microbiota of adult cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
Carrie James ◽  
Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Poultry Fat ◽  
Adult Cats

Abstract There is evidence that algae can be a sustainable alternative of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFA; DHA and EPA) in the diets of felines, but more information is needed to determine bioavailability of algal w-3 PUFAs in felines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of algae DHA on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profiles and fecal microbiota of adult cats. A complete randomized design was utilized with thirty female and male adult cats (mean age: 1.8 ± 0.03 yr, mean BW: 4.5 ± 0.8 kg) which were fed an assigned diet for 90 d. Three diets were formulated with poultry fat alone or inclusion of 2% fish oil or 2% algae DHA meal. Blood samples were collected after fasting on 0, 30, 60 and 90 d to be analyzed for plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles. A fresh fecal sample was collected within 15 min of defecation from each cat to be analyzed for fecal microbiota. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing from V4 region was completed using MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME 2. Plasma and RBC fatty acid concentrations at baseline were similar among all cats and treatment groups. However, dietary treatment had a significant effect on the concentrations of several fatty acids in plasma and RBC over time. Plasma and RBC concentrations of DHA were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for cats fed the algal DHA diet compared to the control and fish oil diets. Conversely, plasma and RBC concentrations of EPA did not differ among treatments when analyzed as a change from baseline. Beta- and alpha-diversity did not differ among treatments, indicating that 2% fish oil or algal-DHA meal does alter fecal microbiota of cats in contrast with cats fed a poultry fat-based diet.

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