scholarly journals Effects of Induced Malocclusion on Vertebral Alignment in Rats: A Controlled Study by CBCTs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2808
Author(s):  
Michele D’Attilio ◽  
Gianfranco Cesaretti ◽  
Paolo Viganò ◽  
Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman ◽  
Daniele Botticelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sacral Segment ◽  
Group D ◽  
Molar Region ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to evaluate with CBCTs the alteration of vertebral alignment over time of induced malocclusion in rats. Crown pads increasing the vertical dimension of 0.5 mm were applied on the upper molars at one randomly selected side of the maxilla in rats (premature contact side) while the opposite side was left untreated (control side). Four groups were organized, ten animals each. In groups A, B, and C, the crowns were applied at time 0 (t-0). In group A, the crowns were removed after 2 weeks (t-2w) and euthanized after two more weeks, while in groups B and C, the animals were euthanized after 2 and 4 weeks (t-4w), respectively. No premature contacts were applied in group D. CBCTs were taken at t-0 in all animals before applying the crowns, at t-2w in group A before removing the crowns, and in all groups before the euthanasia. The changes in the iliac crest angle (ICA) that formed between the superior external margin of the iliac crest and the vertebral spine were evaluated. In groups A and B, after 2 weeks, the changes in ICA were statistically significant at p = 0.028 and p = 0.042, respectively. In group C, and in the control group D, the changes of ICA were not statistically significant (p = 0.058 and p = 0.414, respectively). In conclusion, the incease in monolateral occlusion in the molar region yielded a rotation of the lumbo-sacral segment towards the same side of the occlusal bite-raising.

Croup: IPPB and/or Racemic Epinephrine Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
James W. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Significant Benefit ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing

In 1975 Taussig and associates1 evaluated the use of intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) with racemic epinephrine in the treatment of croup. Apparently their untreated control group received neither racemic epinephrine nor IPPB although all patients received mist tent therapy with 30% to 40% oxygen. A statistically significant benefit was observed in the treated group. A previous controlled study evaluating the effectiveness of aerosol racemic epinephrine alone, without IPPB, failed to show a significant difference between treated patients and placebo (aerosolized saline)-treated controls.2

The effect of Head Covering on Phototherapy-Induced Hypocalcemia in Jaundiced Full-Term Neonates

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Said Mohamed ◽  
Sherein M Abd El fattah ◽  
Safaa S Imam ◽  
Basma M Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Full Term ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Led Phototherapy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Group B ◽  
Head Cover ◽  
Group D ◽  
Head Covering

Abstract Background Phototherapy is the main method used in treatment of significant indirect hyperbilirubinemia and it reduces the risk of exchange transfusion. Hypocalcemia is one of the side effects of phototherapy due to inhibition of pineal gland via transcranial illumination, resulting in decline of melatonin secretion that further inhibits the effect of cortisol on bone calcium and ultimately increase the bone uptake. Aim To assess the effect of head covering to ameliorate hypocalcemic effect of different types of phototherapy in full term jaundiced neonates. Patients and Methods A prospective randomized controlled study that included 120 jaundiced neonates requiring phototherapy which divided into two main groups; group I (treated with lamp phototherapy) which was equally subdivided into two groups, group A (without head cover) and group B (with head cover) and group Il (treated with LED phototherapy) which was equally subdivided into group C (without head cover) and group D (with head cover). Results Head cover reduced the incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcemia without affecting rate of decline of bilirubin on both types of phototherapy used. In lamp hypocalcemia (<8mg/dl) was detected in 33.3% in jaundiced neonates without head cover which was significant higher than those with head cover 6.7%. As for LED, yet not statistically significant hypocalcemia was detected in 13.3% in jaundiced neonates without head cover, which was higher than those with head cover 3.3%. Conclusion Incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcemia is reduced by using head cover especially while using lamp phototherapy.

Silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid ameliorate lead-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Alcaraz-Contreras ◽  
RP Mendoza-Lozano ◽  
ER Martínez-Alcaraz ◽  
M Martínez-Alfaro ◽  
MA Gallegos-Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

We studied the effect of silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a chelating agent that was administered individually or in combination against lead (Pb) toxicity in rats. Wistar rats (200 ± 20) were randomly divided into five groups. Group A served as a control. Groups B–E were exposed to 2000 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 8 weeks. Group B served as a positive control. Group C received silymarin (100 mg kg−1 orally) for 8 weeks. Group D received DMSA (75 mg kg−1 orally) once daily for the last 5 days of treatment. Group E received DMSA and silymarin as groups C and D, respectively. The effect of Pb was evaluated and accordingly the treatments on blood lead levels (BLLs), renal system, and genotoxic effects were calculated using comet assay. The BLLs were significantly increased following the exposition of lead acetate. The administration of silymarin and DMSA provided reduction in BLLs. Silymarin and DMSA provided significant protection on the genotoxic effect of Pb. The toxic effect of Pb on kidneys was also studied. Our data suggest that silymarin and DMSA improve the renal histopathological lesions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthelmintic Efficacy of Ivermectin, Levamisole HCl and Albendazole Administered through Different Routes against Naturally Occuring Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Black Bengal Goat Inducing Hematological Parameters and Live Weight Indices

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aktaruzzaman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MMI Hasan ◽  
MJU Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group D

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, levamisole HCl and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 52 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 12-13 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200?gkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Ltd. Bangladesh) and two solid levamisole HCl, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (The ACME Laboratories Ltd. and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the fecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight was recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 86.75%, followed by levamisole HCl 85.07% and albendazole 92.81%. McMaster fecal egg counting method discloses the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. After treatment with ivermectin, levamisole HCl and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p<0.01 and p>0.05) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p>0.01) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(1) 26-34

scholarly journals Effectiveness of ultrasound guided ethanol motor points block in reduction of spasticity and improvement of upper limb function in hemiplegic patients: a randomized controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Sreejith C. ◽  
Akoijam Joy Singh ◽  
Longjam Nilachandra Singh ◽  
Kanti Rajkumari ◽  
Margaret Chabungbam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Group A

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of disability in general population commonly causing upper motor neuron syndrome complications like spasticity, which is more common in upper limb. Ethanol injection into spastic muscle is an emerging effective treatment in the spasticity management. Ethanol causes selective destruction of nerve fibers through denaturation of protein.Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted for a period of 2 years from March 2018 on sixty-eight hemiplegic patients to assess the effectiveness of ethanol muscle block in reduction of spasticity and improvement in functional ability. The patients were allocated into two groups (Group A and B). Group A received ultrasound guided intramuscular ethanol injection along with range of motion (ROM) exercises and wrist hand orthosis (WHO) and Group B received ROM exercises and WHO. The outcomes were measured by modified ashworth scale (MAS) for spasticity and modified version of motor assessment scale for functional improvement.Results: Intervention group showed significant improvement in spasticity shown by reduction of MAS of elbow flexors from 3 at baseline to 1.15±0.3 at 12 weeks as compared to control group with 3 at baseline to 1.76±0.5 at 12 weeks (p<0.05). Upper limb function scale of study group improved from 1.5±0.8 to 3.0±0.6 at 12 weeks compared to control group 1.3±0.8 to 2.8±0.6 (p<0.05).Conclusions: It can thus be concluded that intramuscular injection of ethanol accompanied by wrist hand orthosis have beneficial effect on improvement of spasticity and upper limb function.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF AROGYA KASHAYAM-20 IN COVID-19 CASES - A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Shukla ◽  
Nitin Ujjaliya
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group A ◽  
Negative Conversion

Introduction: The characteristic clinical features of Covid-19 disease range between asymptomatic to mild-moderate symptoms. Studies suggest that a large population (80%) presents its asymptomatic or milder form. Remaining 20 percent, owing to severity of the diseases, need hospital-based care. Many treatment protocols and strategies have been promoted and recommended by authorities including WHO, but nothing has actually been finalized till date. The present study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of an Ayurvedic formulation viz. Arogya Kashayam-20 in the hospitalized cases of Covid-19.Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Arogya Kashayam-20 in the cases of COVID-19 particularly the negative conversion of RTPCR in 10 days duration.Material and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at COVID-19 Care Center, Pt. Khushilal Sharma Government Ayurveda College &amp; Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh with a sample size of 112 participants, aged between 16 to 60 years of either sex. Participants were divided in two groups viz. group A and B. Both the groups received Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), vitamin C and Zinc as per the prevailing ICMR guidelines and group 'A' received additionally Arogya Kashayam-20 for 10 days. Outcome measure of the study was to see the negative conversion RT-PCR test after intervention period of 10 days. CTRI Registration: CTRI/2020/06/026221. Results: Among the 60 cases registered in study group (group A), 51 cases (85.00%) were reported with negative RTPCR on 10th day. Out of 52 cases registered in control group (group B); 39 cases (75.00%) were tested negative RTPCR on 10th day. In both the groups all the cases were discharged asymptomatically on 10th day as per the prevailing ICMR guidelines. No ADR/AE observed during the intervention period.Conclusion: The study observes that the add on intervention group has a better outcome in terms of RT-PCR negative reports after 10 days comparing to the control group.

scholarly journals Protective effect of LIF-huMSCs on the retina of diabetic model rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1508-1517
Author(s):  
Shan-Na Chen ◽  
◽  
Ying-Xue Ma ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Guang-Hui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Group A ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Function ◽  
Group D ◽  
Control Group Group

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) modified by the LIF gene on the retinal function of diabetic model rats and preliminarily explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: A stably transfected cell line of hUCMSCs overexpressing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was constructed. Overexpression was verified by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A), streptozotocin-induced diabetic control group (group B), diabetic rats at 3mo injected with empty vector-transfected hUCMSCs (group C) or injected with LIF-hUCMSCs (group D). Four weeks after the intravitreal injection, analyses in all groups included retinal function using flash electroretinogram (F-ERG), retinal blood vessel examination of retinal flat mounts perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran), and retinal structure examination of sections using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression levels of adiponectin (APN), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in each group was detected using immunohistochemistry, PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: A stable transgenic cell line of LIF-hUCMSCs was constructed. F-ERG and FITC-dextran examinations revealed no abnormalities of retinal structure and function in group A, severe damage of the retinal blood vessels and function in group B, and improved retinal structure and function in group C and especially group D. qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses revealed progressively higher APN and NT-4 expression levels in groups B, C, and D than in group A. hs-CRP expression was significantly higher in group B than in groups A, C, and D, and was significantly higher in group C than in group D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LIF-hUCMSCs protect the retina of diabetic rats by upregulating APN and NT-4 expression and downregulating hs-CRP expression in the retina.

The Effect of Gongronema Latifolum (Utazi) on Some Haematological Parameters of Rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Group D ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

The hematological features of Gongronema latifolium, aqueous leaves extract was evaluated using standard methods. After 10 days of consecutive infusions into 9 experimental animals (rabbits). The rabbits were monitored and the following parameters determined; hemoglobin (HB), PCV, Platelet, WBC, Differential White Blood Cell. The Rabbits were grouped into 4, one consisting of control (group A), group B was fed with 0.5 mg/kg, group C with 1.0 mg/kg, and Group D with 1.5mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Gongronemalatifolium. The mean values obtained for hemoglobin estimation for the control group is 5.9 ± 4.1 g/dl, 9.1 ± 2.9 g/dl for group B 10.2 ± 1.8 g/dl for group C and 12.8 ± 0.1 g/dl for group D with no significant increase on the PCV estimation, the mean value for the control (group A) is 17.7 ± 12.3%, 27.3 ± 8.7% for group B, group C (30.6 ± 5.4%) and D (28.4 ± 0.3) show increase that statistically significant (p > 0.01). the platelet counts of group C (600 ± 0 x 109/L) and D(600 ± 0 x 109/L) show significant increase (p > 0.01) when compared with the control (600 ± 00). But the platelet value of group B (550 ± 50 x 109/L) shows no difference. No significant changes were observed in the White Blood Counts of the test groups B (3.5 ± 0.5 x 109/L), C (1.9 + 2.1 x 109/L) and D(3.6 ± 0.4) when compared with the control group (2.9 ± 1.9). The values obtained from the differential White Blood Counts (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) were not significant. Therefore, Gongronemalatifolium, when properly taken as a nutritional diet, causes beneficial changes on hemoglobin, packed cell volumes and platelet counts of consumers.

scholarly journals Effect of intranasal recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccination on some haematological indices of goats infected with peste des petits ruminants virus

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
OZ Tenuche ◽  
BO Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Ppr Virus ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

There is dearth of information on the haematological changes associated with Mannheimia haemolytica vaccination in goats, hence this report which describes some haematological changes observed following vaccination with intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine in goats naturally infected with peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Twenty one (male, n=11; and female, n=10) goats were assigned to three vaccinated groups (A, B and D) with five goats per group (male: 3, female: 2), while the control group had 6 goats. Group A was vaccinated once intranasally, group B was vaccinated intranasally twice at one week interval and group D was vaccinated intranasally twice at two weeks interval . The control group (C) was not vaccinated. The vaccinated and control groups were challenged by comingling with pneumonic goats to simulate the field experience. PPR virus infection was later diagnosed in all the groups post vaccination. An average of four animals per treatment group in post-vaccination days were bled once weekly for six weeks (every week) to evaluate some haematological changes. The PCV values were within the normal range, while there was a decline in lymphocyte count at week 5, and a steady increase in neutrophil count in group A. In Group B, there was similar decline in lymphocyte count from the sixth week, while in groups C (Control) and D, the lymphocyte count declined at the 7th week, as the neutrophil counts increased. There were no significant changes in monocyte and eosinophil counts. The degree of changes in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts was mild in group B and marked in group D. This study revealed that intranasal vaccination of recombinant Mannheimia  haemolytica vaccine in the presence of PPR virus outbreak results in mild hematological derangement when the goats were vaccinated with  Mannheimia haemolytica bacterin at a week interval.Keywords: Goats, Haematology, Intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica, Peste des Petits Ruminants, Vaccination

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