Effects of Replacing Cottonseed Meal with Corn Dried Distillers’ Grain on Ruminal Parameters, Performance, and Enteric Methane Emissions in Young Nellore Bulls Reared in Tropical Pastures

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing cottonseed meal with DDG on ruminal parameters, methane (CH4) emissions (Experiment 1), and animal performance (Experiment 2) of young Nellore bulls grazing Marandu grass during the rainy season. Four supplementation strategies were used in both experiments: (1) Mineral supplementation (MS); (2) conventional multiple supplement (energy/protein) with cottonseed meal and citrus pulp (CMS); (3) CMS with 50% cottonseed meal replaced by DDG (50DDG); and (4) CMS with 100% cottonseed meal replaced by DDG (100DDG). The 50DDG condition resulted in greater intake of dry matter (p = 0.033), organic matter (OM) (p = 0.050), forage (p = 0.035), and digestible OM (p = 0.031) than 100DDG. The supplemented animals presented greater final body weight (BW) and average daily gain than the animals consuming MS (p = 0.011), and lower pH, acetate, and acetate:propionate (p < 0.05). However, the treatments had no influence on stocking rate, gain per area, and enteric CH4 emissions (p > 0.05). Replacing cottonseed meal with DDG does not result in great variations in ruminal parameters, animal performance, and enteric CH4 emissions of grazing Nellore cattle during the rearing phase in the wet season. Both protein sources in 0.3% BW supplementation can be used to intensify beef cattle production in pastures.

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281 The Effects of Whole Cottonseed Supplementation on Performance, Breeding Soundness Exams, and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Concentrations in the Blood and Semen of Beef Bulls

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 146-146

Author(s):

Dylan B Davis ◽

Lee Jones ◽

Shane R R Hernandez ◽

Christina B Welch ◽

Jennifer J Tucker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Manganese Superoxide ◽

Beef Bulls ◽

Whole Cottonseed ◽

Distillers Grain ◽

Breeding Soundness ◽

Dried Distillers Grain

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the effects of whole cottonseed containing gossypol on post-pubertal beef bulls. In a two-year study, 46 Angus and Red Angus bulls (body weight 457.0 ± 85.2 kg; 16 to 20-months of age) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 levels of whole cottonseed supplementation while receiving ad libitum roughage. The treatments included: DD (n = 14, control; 3.18 kg/d of dried distillers grain, W/D (n = 16; 1.59 kg/d of whole cottonseed and 1.59 kg/d of dried distillers grain), or WW (n = 16 3.18 kg/d of whole cottonseed). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. In both years, bulls were weighed, administered a breeding soundness exam, and morphological characteristics of spermatozoa were measured on d 0, 28, and 60. In year 1, blood and semen samples were collected on d 0, 28, and 60 to measure manganese superoxide dismutase activity. There was no treatment effect for blood or semen manganese superoxide dismutase concentration (P > 0.255). There was a treatment effect (P < 0.02) for average daily gain as bulls fed WW gained less compared to those fed WD and DD (0.96, 1.23, and 1.39 kg/d, respectively). No treatment effect was observed for scrotal circumference (P > 0.50). There were no treatment × time interactions, treatment, or time main effects for percentages of normal spermatozoa, spermatozoa with coiled or folded tails, or proximal droplets (P > 0.12). There was a treatment effect on the amount of swollen midpiece or abnormal head as bull in the DD treatment had a greater (P < 0.02) percentage of other abnormalities compared to WW, but WD was not different (P > 0.16). Inclusion of whole cottonseed may affect average daily gain, but does not affect reproductive parameters of beef bulls.

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13 Effect of housing cow-calf pairs on dry lots vs pasture on calf performance and behavior

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 7-8

Author(s):

Lucas T Neira ◽

Ashley E Cooney ◽

Wesley P Chapple ◽

William T Meteer ◽

Daniel W Shike

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Hair Coat ◽

Calf Performance ◽

Cow Calf ◽

Distillers Grain ◽

Dried Distillers Grain ◽

And Behavior ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The objectives were to analyze the effects of housing cow-calf pairs in dry lots (DL) or pasture (PAST) on calf performance and behavior through the receiving phase. Simmental × Angus (n = 108; 87 ± 11.5 d postpartum) spring-calving cows were stratified by age, BW, BCS, and calf sex and allotted to six groups. Cows were limit-fed a ration consisting of corn silage, dried distillers grain, corn stalks, dry rolled corn (DRC), and soybean hulls to meet protein and energy requirements. Calves had ad libitum access to same diet in an adjacent pen. Calves on PAST were rotationally grazed with free-choice mineral. After weaning (177 ± 11.5 d of age) all calves were fed a diet consisting of corn silage, wet distiller grains, DRC, and grass hay during the receiving phase (42 d). At the age 87, 142, 177, 198, and 219 ± 11.5 d, BW was measured. Hair coat score (HCS) and dirt score (DS) were measured on d 0 and d 90. Calf behavior was observed after feedlot arrival. Average daily gain, DMI and feed efficiency were also analyzed. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dry-lot calves had greater (P < 0.01) BW and ADG prior to weaning. Calves from PAST had lower (P < 0.01) DS and greater (P < 0.01) HCS at weaning. Upon feedlot arrival, more (P < 0.01) DL calves were walking and had increased (P < 0.01) vocalizations. Calves from PAST had greater (P < 0.01) ADG, DMI as a percent of BW, and gain:feed than DL calves during the receiving phase. Calves raised in a dry lot had greater BW and ADG prior to weaning, but PAST calves had fewer behavioral signs of stress and greater growth performance in feedlot.

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Growth Performance and Carcass Traits Responses to Dried Distillers’ Grain with Solubles Feeding of Growing Awassi Ram Lambs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9110954 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 954 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Safa’ M. Hatamleh ◽

Belal S. Obeidat

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Distillers Grain ◽

Dried Distillers Grain ◽

The Impact

This study considers the impact of dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS) in diets of lambs. Randomly; 27 lambs were distributed to one of three diets. Diets were: a control diet (CON; n = 9), a 125 (DDGS125; n = 9) or a 250 g/kg DDGS (DDGS250; n = 9) of dietary dry matter (DM). The lambs were fed using these diets for 91 days. To assess carcass traits; five lambs were randomly selected at the end of the study. No significant differences were detected in intake and digestibility of DM; crude protein and fiber. Average daily gain did not differ among diets. Carcass characteristics did not differ among diets. With the exception of shear force and redness, which were greater in DDGS250 than in DDGS125 and CON diets, meat quality parameters were unaffected. Eye muscle area decreased in DDGS125 than in DDGS250 and CON diet. These results demonstrate that the feeding of lambs on DDGS at 125 or 250 g/kg DM did not have any impact on growth. These diets only had a simple effect on the characteristics of carcass and meat quality. These results suggest that it would be suitable to introduce these feeds into sheep nutrition in the future.

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340 Impact of essential oils blend on beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics in diets with increasing corn silage inclusions

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 138-139

Author(s):

Hannah C Wilson ◽

Henry Hilscher ◽

Zachary E Carlson ◽

Bradley M Boyd ◽

Andrea K Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract A feedlot study was conducted comparing a natural feed additive (essential oils blend) at varying silage inclusions on receiving and finishing performance. The study utilized 480 crossbred steers (initial shrunk BW 296 kg ± 7.72 kg) in 48 pens with 10 steers/pen and 8 pens per treatment. Treatments were designed as a 2 × 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of corn silage [14, 47, 80 %; dry matter (DM) basis] with or without (+, -) the inclusion of an essential oils (EO) blend. All treatment diets contained 16% modified distillers grains plus solubles and 4% supplement with dry-rolled corn replacing corn silage (CS) on a DM basis. Steers were fed at 80% CS inclusion and adapted to 47% and 14% CS over a 10 and 24-d period, respectively. Cattle fed 80% CS were fed for 238 days, 47% CS for 195 days, and 14% CS were fed for 168 days to a common backfat of 1.28 cm (P > 0.59). There were no interactions for corn silage inclusion and the inclusion of essential oils on final body weight (FBW), dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), hot carcass weight (HCW), longissimus muscle (LM) area, marbling, or calculated yield grade (CYG; P > 0.15). There was no significant difference for FBW, DMI, ADG, G:F, HCW, LM area, marbling, or CYG for cattle fed EO or no EO. However, there was a quadratic response for FBW, ADG, G:F, HCW, marbling and CYG with increased inclusion of corn silage (P < 0.04). Feeding corn silage at greater inclusions decreased animal performance but increased final body weight when fed to an equal fatness. Essential oils did not affect animal performance or carcass characteristics. However, feeding greater amounts of corn silage can be an economical way to finish cattle.

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PSIII-10 The effect of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live animal performance and carcass characteristics of fed beef heifers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 286-286

Author(s):

Lauren M Mayer ◽

Kevin Martens ◽

Loni W Lucherk ◽

Ty E Lawrence ◽

Travis C Tennant

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Severe Liver ◽

Live Animal ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Liver Abscesses

Abstract Heifers (n = 1,394; 291 ± 9.9 kg) were used to test the effects of a direct-fed microbial (10-G) on live growth performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were blocked by arrival day and randomly allocated to treatment (0 or 2g/animal/d; CON and 10-G, respectively) in a randomized complete block design with ten pens per treatment. Heifers were fed for an average of 192 days. Growth and carcass outcomes were analyzed using mixed models with pen as experimental unit and block as random effect. Dry matter intake (P = 0.63), average daily gain (P = 0.69), gain:feed (P = 0.95) and final body weight (P = 0.79) did not differ between treatments. Neither deads and removals (P = 0.52) nor first or second treatment morbidity rates (P ≥ 0.84) were different between treatments. Hot carcass weight (P = 0.19), dressed carcass yield (P = 0.33), 12th rib fat depth (P = 0.73), ribeye area (P = 0.13), calculated empty body fat (P = 0.71) or marbling score (P = 0.20) were not different between treatments. Yield grade distributions did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.44), however cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.09; 15.78 vs 20.34%) to be represented by fewer USDA Select carcasses. Livers from cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.10; 1.02 vs 2.19%) to have a lower frequency of abscesses when compared to CON. Heifers fed 10-G also had fewer (P < 0.05; 5.27 vs 8.51%) severe liver abscesses. These results suggest that supplementing fed beef heifers with 10-G decreased rates of severe liver abscesses without altering live animal performance or carcass characteristics.

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Rearing dairy calves on irrigated tropical pastures. 1. Effect of protein level on liveweight gain and blood components

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9920569 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 569 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

RJ Moss ◽

RM Murray

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Wet Season ◽

Tropical Pastures ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Digestible Energy

Isoenergetic (12 MJ ME/kg DM) concentrate supplements of varying protein contents, were fed to dairy weaner calves grazing irrigated Setaria anceps cv. Kazungula pastures. Calves in each of the 5 treatment groups were given 1 kg concentratelday containing cracked maize and cottonseed meal in the proportions 1:0, 5:1, 4:2, 3:3 and 0:l. Acontrol group received no supplement. Two drafts of animals were used to measure the response during winter-spring (dry season) and summer (wet season). Without supplementation, calves gained 0.34 kg/day in spring and 0.20 kg/day during the wet season. Supplementation increased liveweight gains by 0.25 and 0.20 kg/calf.day in spring and summer, respectively. Substitution of cottonseed meal for maize did not consistently increase liveweight gain. Calves selected a pasture diet of 97% leaf, 16% crude protein and 66% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Mean daily rumen ammonia concentration was 134 mg NH3-N/L in unsupplemented calves, and 89 mg NH3-N/L in calves fed maize (P<0.05). Cottonseed meal was rapidly degraded in the rumen, with peak concentrations of rumen ammonia of 570 mg NH3-N/L 2 hours after feeding. Concentrations of rumen ammonia and plasma urea were closely correlated with supplemental protein intake (R2 = 0.98). Plasma total protein and albumin also increased with protein content of supplements (R2 = 0.73). Concentrations of plasma glucose and total volatile fatty acids in rumen liquor increased with supplementation, but were not influenced by the level of protein in the supplement. Correlations between liveweight gain and plasma glucose concentration were low (R2 = 0.65 spring; R2 = 0.20 summer). Digestible energy intake was the first limitation to liveweight gain of these calves grazing actively growing, tropical grass pastures. Although animals consistently selected leaf, the level of digestible energy intake was well below requirements, and increasing the level of protein in the diet was ineffective in increasing liveweight gain.

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Probiotic supplemented diets improved the performance of broiler chickens during wet season

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v44i5.1365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

W. Buba ◽

J. O. Ugboga ◽

A. Yunusa ◽

B. M. Shehu

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Wet Season ◽

Host Animal ◽

Final Body Weight

Probiotics, a live microbial feed supplement affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented diets on the performance of broilers chickens during the wet season. Two hundred and fifty five broilers chickens were randomly allotted to five treatments in a complete randomize design (CRD) with three replicate per treatment, each replicate having 17 birds. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% respectively. Feed intake was measured weekly and the birds were weighed once weekly to determine the weight improvement. Data obtained from the study were subjected to analysis of variance. All parameters (final body weight, body weight gain, average daily gain, total feed intake, average feed intake and feed conversion ratio) measured showed significance (P<0.05) differencewhen compared with the birds on control diets. In conclusion, inclusion of baker's yeast in broiler diet improved growth performance of the chickens.

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Comparison of wheat-based dried distillers’ grain with solubles to barley as an energy source for backgrounding cattle

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas08046 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 721-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

J. J. McKinnon ◽

A. M. Walker

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Distillers Grain ◽

Dried Distillers Grain ◽

Daily Gain ◽

By Products

Replacement of barley grain with wheat-based dried distillers’ (DDGS) grain with solubles at 25 and 50% of the total ration dry matter increased average daily gain and gain efficiency of backgrounding steers. No differences in dry matter intake or composition of gain were observed. The results of this trial indicate that barley grain can be replaced by wheat-based DDGS at up to 50% of the diet dry matter in backgrounding rations without any adverse effects on cattle performance. The economics of feeding DDGS at these levels would depend on availability and price relative to barley and other cereal grains. Key words: Dried distillers' grain, beef cattle, feedlot, ethanol, by-products

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Does the Effect of Replacing Cottonseed Meal with Dried Distiller’s Grains on Nellore Bulls Finishing Phase Vary between Pasture and Feedlot?

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Alvair Hoffmann ◽

Andressa Scholz Berça ◽

Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽

Natalia Vilas Boas Fonseca ◽

Maria Luísa Curvelo Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Production Systems ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Distiller's Grains ◽

Randomized Design ◽

System P ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Nutrients Digestibility

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing cottonseed meal by dried distiller’s grains (DDG) in terms of efficiency in the productive aspects of beef cattle finishing in pasture versus feedlot. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two production systems (pasture versus feedlot) and three supplements: CM, conventional supplement with cottonseed meal (CM) as a protein source; 50DDG: supplement with 50% replacement of CM by DDG; and 100DDG: 100% replacement. The effect of replacing CM by DDG on dry matter and nutrients intake and nutrients digestibility depends on the finishing system (p < 0.05). While in the pasture system animal consumed more nutrients in the CM, a greater intake was observed in the 100DDG in feedlot. The nutrients digestibility was lower in the pasture (p < 0.05). Animal performance and final body weight were higher in the feedlot (p < 0.0001), with averages of 1.57 kg/d and 566 kg of final body weight (FBW) for feedlot, and 0.99 kg/d and 504 kg FBW for pasture. The use of DDG does not change the animal performance finished in pasture or feedlot, and it is a viable alternative to replace conventional supplements in finishing phase in both systems in tropical environment.

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Essential Oils in the Diet of Crossbred (½ Angus vs. ½ Nellore) Bulls Finished in Feedlot on Animal Performance, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n10p205 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 205 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dayane Cristina Rivaroli ◽

Rodolpho Martin Do Prado ◽

Mariana Garcia Ornaghi ◽

Camila Mottin ◽

Tatiane Rogério Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Daily Gain

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the animal performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of 27 crossbred bulls (½ Angus vs. ½ Nellore), finished in feedlot for 120 days, with the addition of distinct levels of essential oils in the diets. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized trial and animals were distributed into three treatments: control (CON), addition of 500 mg/kg of DM/animal/day of a mix of essential oils (E500), and addition of 1000 mg/kg of DM/animal/day of a mix of essential oils (E1000). The essential oils supplemented to the diets were based on a combination of vegetal extracts from: oregano, garlic, lemon, rosemary, thymus, eucalyptus and sweet orange. The bulls had an average age of 12±2 months and weight of 243.4±6.8 kg when the trial started. The roughage and concentrate ratio was 10% and 90%, respectively. The inclusion of essentials oils in the diets did not affect final body weight, average daily gain, and feed intake, but there was a tendency for improved feed efficiency for the E500 treatment. The ADG ranged from 1.55 to 1.70. Average DMI and feed conversion were 7.07 kg/day and 4.31, respectively. Essentials oil levels did not affect the carcass characteristics. More studies are needed to elucidate the synergism of combinations of essential oils in the rumen.

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