scholarly journals Evaluation of Welfare in Commercial Turkey Flocks of Both Sexes Using the Transect Walk Method

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3253
Author(s):  
Nina Mlakar Hrženjak ◽  
Hristo Hristov ◽  
Alenka Dovč ◽  
Jana Bergoč Martinjak ◽  
Manja Zupan Šemrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problems ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Management Standard ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Commercial Turkey ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Meat Type

The study was conducted between March and September 2019 in six meat-type turkey flocks with similar management standard procedures using the transect walk method. The concept of the method is based on visual observation of the birds while slowly walking across the entire farm in predetermined transects. Each flock was evaluated at three different times during the fattening cycle: at 3 to 4, 12 to 13, and 19 to 20 weeks of age, and total number of males and females that were immobile or lame, had visible head, vent, or back wounds, were small, featherless, dirty, or sick, had pendulous crop, or showed aggression toward birds or humans were recorded. At each visit, NH3 and CO2 were measured within the facilities. In the first assessment, the most frequently observed welfare indicators were small size (0.87%) and immobility (0.08%). Males showed a significantly higher prevalence of small size (p < 0.01), sickness (p < 0.05), and dirtiness (p < 0.1) compared to females. In the second assessment, the most common findings in both sexes were dirtiness (1.65%) and poor feather condition (1.06%), followed by immobility (0.28%). Males were significantly dirtier (p < 0.001), had more immobile birds (p < 0.01) and birds with vent wounds (p < 0.1), but had fewer sick birds (p < 0.05). In the last assessment, an increase in immobile, lame, sick, and dead birds was recorded, indicating an increase in health problems. Higher CO2 (3000 and 4433 ppm) and NH3 (40 and 27.6 ppm) values were noted only at the first assessment in two facilities. Further analyses showed that slightly elevated NH3 and CO2 levels did not influence the occurrence of welfare indicators. This study is the first description of the welfare of commercial turkey flocks in Slovenia.

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical, and Growth Parameters of Fogera Cattle Calves to Heat Stress during Different Seasons in Sub-Humid Part of Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Michael Abera ◽  
Yesihak Yusuf Mummed ◽  
Mitiku Eshetu ◽  
Fabio Pilla ◽  
Zewdu Wondifraw
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
High Weight Gain ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Fogera cattle are among indigenous breeds of cattle in the northern part of Ethiopia. However, their response to heat stress (HS) under different seasonal variations has not been well investigated. This study was aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to HS during dry season, short rainy, and long rainy. A total of 72 calves (24 for each season) that were 6 months of age with an equal number of males and females were evaluated for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters. Daily ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded two times per day during the study periods from which the daily average temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated. The study revealed higher AT and THI during dry and short seasons while higher RH was observed during the long rainy season. Physiological parameters except rectal temperature were affected by the seasons. Hematological parameters were also affected by season except for packed cell volume. Biochemical and growth parameters were also significantly affected by the seasons. THI was positively related with physiological but negatively with growth parameters. Thus, the THI value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to HS in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system.

scholarly journals Фенотипическая пластичность в соотношении полов у Idotea baltica basteri (Crustacea, Isopoda) в Одесском заливе Черного моря

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Varigin
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Idotea Baltica ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Exchange Intensity ◽  
Number Of Males

The degree of phenotypic plasticity in the Idotea baltica basteri Audouin, 1827 (Crustacea, Isopoda) sex ratio of the fouling community in the Odessa bay of the Black Sea was determined. The ratio of males and females in three main phenotypes of I. baltica basteri, namely: uniformis, albafusca and lineata was found. Crustaceans were collected on the underwater surface of traverses, located in three sea districts with the different degrees of water exchange intensity with the open sea. Water depth at the wall of traverses ranged from 1 to2,5 m. In the first most opened district among the individuals of uniformis phenotype the ratio of males and females was equal to 1:4, that for albafusca – 1:1,3 and lineata – 1:1. In the second area with the release of drainage waters among the individuals of uniformis phenotype this ratio was equal to 1:4,5, while the albafusca and lineata figures were 1:1,5 and 1:1, accordingly. In the third region, with the most difficult water exchange, among the individuals of phenotypes the ratios of males and females were as follows: uniformis – 1:8, albafusca – 1:2, and lineata – 1:1. When moving from the opened to semi-enclosed area among the individuals of all phenotypes there was a gradual decline in the proportion of males and accordingly, increases of the proportion of females. The greatest number of males in all areas under study is observed among the individuals of lineata phenotype, and that of females – among the individuals of uniformis phenotype. It is found that monochromatic colored females prefer to stay in the shaded places among the seagrass beds and brightly colored males usually move actively along the outside of the substrata. 

scholarly journals Body Image Dissatisfaction in The Youth of India: And the Effects on Self-Esteem

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawini Vasudeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sample Set ◽  
Number Of Males

The aim to conduct this research is to enlighten the impact of body image dissatisfaction on an individual’s self-esteem and to examine whether there is a gender difference in this case or not. There are a total of 220 numbers of participants, with equal number of males and females in the sample set. The tool that’d be using here is a modified short version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) by Cooper et. Al. in the year in 1987 and The Rosenberg self-esteem scale by Morris Rosenberg (RSES) in the year 1965. The current research proved that whenever there’ll be higher body image dissatisfaction, it’ll result in less self-esteem. Other than that, it stated that females (M= 22.69 and SD= 3.64) have a higher mean score in body image dissatisfaction than and males (M=23.28 and SD= 3.6), therefore, the men have a higher mean score of self-esteem than females.

scholarly journals Weight and Body Composition Changes during the First Three Years of College

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareen S. Gropper ◽  
Karla P. Simmons ◽  
Lenda Jo Connell ◽  
Pamela V. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Freshman Year ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Number Of Males

Differences in weight, body mass index (BMI), percent and absolute body fat, fat-free mass, and waist circumference were investigated in a group of males and females during the first three years (from 2007 to 2010) of college. Significant three-year gains were observed for weight2.1±4.7 kg, BMI0.7±1.6 kg/m2, percent body fat2.7±3.3%, and fat mass2.3±3.5 kg. A significant loss of fat-free mass, −0.5 kg, was observed among females. Absolute gains in weight, BMI, and percent and absolute body fat were highest during the freshman year, followed by the junior year, and lowest during the sophomore year. Among the 70% of students gaining weight over the three years, weight gain averaged 4.3 kg. The numbers of females with over 30% body fat doubled, and the number of males with over 20% body fat increased fivefold. Initially 15% of students were classified as obese/overweight and 79% normal weight; by the end of the junior year, 24% were obese/overweight and 70% were normal weight. Efforts on college campuses to promote healthy lifestyles among its student population are needed throughout the college years.

Beberapa Aspek Reproduksi Siput Lambis lambis di Pesisir Perairan Yenusi, Biak

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andriani Widyastuti ◽  
Ludi Parwadani Aji
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Time Of Harvest

<strong>Some Aspects of Reproduction in Conch Lambis lambis of Yenusi Coastal Waters, Biak.</strong> Lambis lambis is a very popular conch species that has been harvested in all sizes encountered. This condition is very alarming because in the long term, its existence in nature will be reduced because there is no chance to reproduce naturally. This study aims to determine the sex ratio and gonad maturity levels of L. lambis in Yenusi waters, so the appropriate time of harvest can be arranged. Samples were collected every month from January to December 2013. Testing and histological analysis were performed in the laboratory. Samples collected were 99 individus with the number of males 45 individus and females 54 individus. The sex ratio of males and females was 1.0:1.2. Gonad maturity level found included all four stages of gonadal development, from TKG I to TKG IV. Gonadal development showed the process of formation and maturation, and the spawning occured throughout the year, with peak spawning in January until March 2013. The size of the shell length obtained ranged from 4.55 to 13.72 cm indicating over-exploitation. Due to the custom local where residents harvested the conches in all sizes found, sustainable management strategies are urgently needed, including moratorium period  when L. lambis is at the peak of spawning, and harvest should only be performed on adult individuals with a minimum shell size of 7 cm, while observing the thickness of the shell and marginal digitations have been formed. <br /><br />

scholarly journals Cattle loading rates in different truck models and their relationship with bruises on bovine carcasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kethylleen de Carvalho Ferreira ◽  
Aline Correia Furtado ◽  
Hugo Pereira Flores ◽  
Pollyanna Ricartes de Oliveira de Oliveira ◽  
Augusto Galhardo Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT: This study sought to evaluate the number of bruises on bovine carcasses and their relationship with loading rates in different truck models. Bruising percentages in the hindquarter, forequarter and short rib regions were evaluated. The space occupied on the truck by each animal in m² was defined as the Practiced area, obtained by dividing the body area by the number of males and females transported in straight trucks (10.60 x 2.40 m) and livestock trailers (14.80 x 2.60 m), 240 and 168, and 120 and 93, respectively, and 80 males in a straight truck with trailer configuration (17.50 x 2.60 m). The minimum area occupied by the animals was assessed according to the Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) and Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC). The data was analyzed in a completely randomized design and included two sex classes, three carcass regions and three truck types. For males, the minimum areas (m²) calculated by the FAWC and AWAC were smaller (1.37 and 1.29 m², respectively) for the straight truck. The straight truck with trailer configuration had the lowest (P=0.0025) bruising index in the forequarter region (15.1%) and the highest (P=0.047) in the short rib region (30.5%). Females transported in the livestock trailer had a higher (P<0.001) percentage of bruises in the forequarter region (51.7%). There was a relationship between the high bruising rates and the loading rate Practiced for the males. Estimations made by the AWAC are close to those practiced in the upper Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

scholarly journals Influence of Waist-to-Hip Ratio on Health and Fertility in Humans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
PD Gupta ◽  
◽  
K Pushkala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
New Name ◽  
Males And Females

Ancel Keys gave the formula devised in the 1840's a new name, Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) in the early 70’s. Since then it has become an important parameter for measurement of health. The Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) gives more meaningful information rather than Body Mass Index (BMI). Here we have described the applications of WHR in prediction of certain diseases due to change in WHR values. If both males and females do not maintain proper WHR values, they suffer with many health problems.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Hasnelly . ◽  
Sofjan Iskandar ◽  
Tike Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Chicken ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
Meat Type

<p>One of local chicken breeds develop in Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) is local SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken. This new improved local-meat-type breed was released with Ministry Agriculture Decree Number 39/Kpts/PK.020/1/2017 on 20<sup>th</sup> January 2017. SenSi-1 Agrinak was originally selected from native Sentul chicken breed obtained from Ciamis district in West Java Province. Selection criteria were two feather colors of grey or black spotted white (pucak), which were applied to both males and females. Pea-comb type was also one criterion for males, applied at the age of 10 weeks. Live weight at the age of 10 weeks with the selection intensity of 25% was applied to each generation of males chicken. Selection proceeded for six generations. Selection program was carried out under standard feed formulae containing around 17% crude protein with 2850 kcal ME/ kg, and containing other nutrients following the ones recommended for modern chicken of White Leghorn. Observation was conducted on each of about 2000 young chickens of grey and of Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak both males and females age of 10 and 84 weeks. Results showed that grey SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Grey feather color distribution of 55.51% in males, and 60.77% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 52.51% in males, and 33.33% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 90.98% in males, and 89.23% in females; iv). Ten weeks live weight of 886.38+142.93 g/bird in males, and 739.17+ 118.87 in females. Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Pucak feather color of 75.65% in males, and 8330% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 51.91% in males, and 36.59% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 91.55% in males, and 92.28% in females; iv) Ten weeks live weight of 908.76+ 130.98 g/bird in males, and 750.53+ 110.56 g/bird in females. Whilst for grey SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken after selection had live weight at 10 weeks old of 1015+107 g/bird, and for Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken was 1051+76 g/bird. This initial performance information for those two breeds of considerably improved local chicken can be used as the base of information for SenSi-1 Agrinak breed for male line of meat type of local chicken breeding.</p>

The Role of Gender in the Linguistic Performance of Foreign Language Learners: Does Gender Make a Difference?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosny Mostafa Al-Dali
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

<p>The present study examines the variation in the proficiency of adult learners (males and females) of English as a foreign language.  It is a generally accepted fact in L<sub>1</sub> acquisition that females enjoy a rate advantage, initially at least. However, I know of no study that has systematically investigated the rate of second language acquisition (SLA) in females versus males. It might be safe to cite few SLA studies: Farhady, 1982; Eisenstein, 1982; Lakoff, 1973; Zimmerman and West, 1975; and Gass and Varonis, 1986. Although these studies reported sex-related differences, they were incidental to their main focus. The subjects for the present study are 180 students in the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Minufiya University. They are divided into three groups according to their academic status in their university: Beginners (60); Intermediate (60); and advanced (60). Each group is equally divided into males (30), and females (30). Accordingly, the total number of males is 90, and that of females is 90, as well. All subjects performed three tasks: 1) listening; 2) reading, and 3) structure and written expressions, similar, to those used in the TOEFL test. The overall umbrella, under which all these tasks are designed, is ‘systematicity’; and/or ‘variability’; and whether learners' sex is responsible for it. Results are obtained and conclusions are made. </p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Variability; L<sub>2</sub> learners’ proficiency, sex.

scholarly journals Cyathostominae distribution in experimentally infected ponies

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Scháňková ◽  
M. Maršálek ◽  
P. Wagnerová ◽  
I. Langrová ◽  
L. Starostová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entire Population ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Small Strongyle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Summary Nine ponies were experimentally infected with third stage cyathostome larvae. These animals were examined post-mortem for small strongyle infections from October 2011 to January 2012. Seventeen species of the following Cyathostominae genera were identified: Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Gyalocephalus and Petrovinema. Of the 17 species of Cyathostominae recovered, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum alveatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were the most prevalent (100 %). From the entire population of Cyathostominae, 65.6 % were located in the caecum and only 34.4 % in the colon. Only 1,736 (24,6 %) females and 5,329 (75,4 %) males were observed. There was a significant difference between the number of males and females in the genus Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus and Gyalocephalus.

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