Browse from Three Tree Legumes Increases Forage Production for Cattle in a Silvopastoral System in the Southwest Amazon

Assessing the palatability of forage from locally adapted trees could improve the sustainability of livestock production systems. However, grasses continue to dominate livestock feed across the Amazon. We established a silvopastoral cattle farming system in Peru, comparing three different forage tree species with grass monocultures using a randomised block design. Trees were arranged in alleys of 0.5 × 7.5 m, planted alongside grass, and were directly browsed by cattle. Browse removal was estimated by three methods: destructive sampling, canopy measurements and leaf counts. We found that all three tree species were palatable to cattle. Plots containing trees and grass produced more available forage (mean > 2.2 Mg ha−1) for cattle than the grass monocultures (mean = 1.5 Mg ha−1). Destructive sampling below 1.6 m demonstrated that cattle consumed 99% of the available Erythrina berteroana forage, 75% of the available Inga edulis forage and 80% of the available Leucaena leucocephala forage in 8 days. This research demonstrates methodologies to estimate the intake of locally adapted browse species by cattle and highlights the potential benefits of silvopastoral systems in the Amazon. Planting trees could also benefit animal health and provide ecosystem services such as soil regeneration, enhanced nutrient cycling and carbon capture.

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Plan Estratégico de Modernización Tecnológica de la Ganadería Colombiana

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol1_num1_art:153 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Germán Afanador

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Animal Health ◽

Business Management ◽

Agricultural Technology ◽

Management Tool ◽

Forage Production ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Technological Modernization ◽

Interactive Relationship ◽

The Government

El Plan de Modernización Tecnológica de la Ganadería Colombiana es el resultado de la concertación entre los productores ganaderos a través de su gremio cúpula, FEDEGAN y de gremios y productores regionales el Gobierno Nacional a través del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, el Departamento Nacional de Planeación, COLCIENCIAS y CORPOICA y expresa una nueva manera de concebir la innovación tecnológica agropecuaria. Por otra parte, como instrumento de gestión tecnológica promueve el cierre de la brecha tradicional entre la investigación y la adopción de tecnología a través de un mayor contacto y relación interactiva entre investigadores y productores a través de escenarios tecnológicos que reflejan primero, el análisis de la problemática de los sistemas de producción ganaderos predominantes en áreas como: la estacionalidad de la producción de forrajes, el uso inapropiado del recurso genético, los bajos planos nutricionales y de alimentación animal, la degradación de praderas, los problemas de salud animal, la baja calidad de los productos e ineficiencia en los procesos de transformación y de gestión empresarial y segundo una estrategia de acción específica en: fincas, empresas ganaderas, centros de investigación y microrregiones. Strategic Technology Modernization Plan of Livestock ColombianaTechnological Modernization Plan of Livestock Colombiana is the result of consultation between livestock producers through its dome guild , guilds FEDEGAN and regional producers and the Government through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the National Department of planning and CORPOICA COLCIENCIAS and expresses a new way of thinking about agricultural technology innovation . Moreover, as technology management tool promotes closing the traditional gap between research and technology adoption through greater contact and interactive relationship between researchers and farmers through technological scenarios that reflect first analysis problems of livestock production systems prevalent in areas such as the seasonality of forage production , inappropriate use of genetic resources , low nutrition and feed levels , degradation of grasslands, animal health problems , low quality products and inefficiency in processing and business management and strategy second specific action : farms , livestock enterprises , research centers and micro.

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Characterization of goat production systems in five states of northeastern Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3691 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽

pp. 3691 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Areano Ethério Moreira de Farias ◽

José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽

Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ◽

Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro ◽

Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Technical Assistance ◽

Production Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Forage Production ◽

The Social ◽

Goat Population ◽

Social And Economic Development ◽

Technological Level ◽

Goat Farming

Goat farming is a very important activity contributing to the social and economic development of northeastern (NE) Brazil. The objective of the present study was to characterize the goat farming production system in five of the nine states that constitute the Brazilian NE (Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe). Research was carried out in 230 rural properties located in 62 municipalities of the NE of Brazil, in regions exhibiting a productive arrangement and significant goat population density. An epidemiological questionnaire seeking information on economic, productive, and social aspects of owners/properties was supplied to all properties. The results described the goat farming system in the Brazilian NE as family and subsistence, directed towards domestic consumption and local commerce, and exhibiting a low technological level. The farmers' education level, investments, and technical assistance were all considered low, and thus insufficient or inadequate for a full development of the activity in the region. Therefore, such aspects are suggested to be taken into account in the planning of future goat farming development policies—particularly financing and technical assistance, better preparation of farmers, administrative aspects, forage production and conservation, and the implementation of actions towards reproductive and frequent disease control.

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Physiological Characteristics of Trees Recommended for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Herbicides

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.M. AGUIAR ◽

J.B. SANTOS ◽

E.A. FERREIRA ◽

C.M. CABRAL ◽

I.M. PEREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Tree Species ◽

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

High Volume ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Lower Variation

ABSTRACT: Herbicides are inputs with a high volume of use in agricultural production systems for weed management; however, the environmental contamination they cause is a reality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of tree species used for the phytoremediation of herbicides in the soil, to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D, through the evaluation of photosynthetic indices. Thus, a randomized block design experiment was conducted with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented the herbicides atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and the control treatment without herbicide (water). The second factor consisted in the use of pre-selected tree species for the phytoremediation of soils with residues of the products [Eremanthus crotonoides DC. (candeia), - Richeria grandis Vahl (richeria), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, (breu-branco) Kielmeyera latrophyton Saddi, Kew Bull, (pau-santo) Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (guanandi)]. The herbicides were applied through dishes placed under the culture containers of the plants, when they presented eight months of development. After 15 days from the herbicide application, the visual intoxication, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. The herbicides affected differently the physiological characteristics of the tree species; atrazine was the most harmful product. Individuals under the effect of 2,4-D and clomazone presented lower variation for their physiological characteristics, compared to the respective control treatments. Breu-branco, despite showing low visual intoxication provided by the herbicides, was the most affected species by the products. On the other hand, candeia was the most tolerant species to the action of the herbicides.

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Using a One Health approach to assess the impact of parasitic disease in livestock: how does it add value?

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182016000196 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (1) ◽

pp. 15-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

JONATHAN RUSHTON ◽

MIEGHAN BRUCE

Keyword(s):

Food Systems ◽

One Health ◽

Production Systems ◽

Animal Health ◽

Rapid Evolution ◽

Parasitic Disease ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYHuman population increases, with greater food demands, have resulted in a rapid evolution of livestock food systems, leading to changes in land and water use. The scale of global livestock systems mean that changes in animal health status, particularly in parasite levels, have impacts that go beyond farm and sector levels. To quantify the true impact of parasites in livestock, frameworks that look at both resources and services valued in markets and those that have no true market value are required. Mitigating the effects of parasitic disease in livestock will not only increase productivity, but also improve animal welfare and human health, whilst reducing the environmental burden of livestock production systems. To measure these potential benefits, a One Health approach is needed. This paper discusses the types of methods and the data collection tools needed for a more holistic perspective and provides a framework with its application to coccidiosis in poultry. To build a body of knowledge that allows the ranking of parasite diseases in a wider animal health setting, such One Health frameworks need to be applied more frequently and with rigour. The outcome will improve the allocation of resources to critical constraints on parasite management.

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Pig Farming in Alternative Systems: Strengths and Challenges in Terms of Animal Welfare, Biosecurity, Animal Health and Pork Safety

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10070261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maxime Delsart ◽

Françoise Pol ◽

Barbara Dufour ◽

Nicolas Rose ◽

Christelle Fablet

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Production Systems ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Animal Health ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Alternative Systems ◽

Conventional Farms ◽

Real Challenge

In pig production, the widespread conventional indoor system with a slatted floor currently dominates. However, this production system is becoming less socially acceptable. In addition to general environmental protection issues, animal welfare, the absence of suffering and distress, and the management of pain also constitute societal concerns. In this context, alternative production systems are gaining ground. Although they are popular with consumers and other citizens, these alternative systems have their critical points. Here, we reviewed the international scientific literature to establish the state of the art of current knowledge regarding welfare, biosecurity, animal health and pork safety in this type of farming system. In general, alternative farms give pigs the opportunity to express a broader range of behaviours than conventional farms. However, the management of feeding, watering, temperature and predators is often more complicated in these outdoor systems. In addition, biosecurity measures seem to be applied less strictly in alternative farms than in conventional farms, especially in free-range systems, where they are more difficult to implement. On the other hand, pigs kept in these farming systems seem to be less affected by respiratory diseases, but parasitism and piglet crushing (in farrowing units) both remain a real challenge. Furthermore, the higher prevalence of many zoonotic pathogens in these farms may represent a risk for human health.

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Quantification of carbon capture in different soil uses

Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas ◽

10.22267/rcia.203701.127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 59-69

Author(s):

Geovanny Solarte-Guerrero ◽

Dayana Marcela Males ◽

Angela Natalia Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Production Systems ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Land Uses ◽

Factor B ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Productive Systems

Carbon sequestration by soils in different production systems contributes greatly to the reduction of greenhouse gases. The objective of this study was to quantify the carbon stored in four land uses at different soil depths. To this end, a 22 factorial experiment in complete randomized block design (CRBD) was carried out. The factor A: land uses (natural pastures, shelterbelts, fodder banks, and potato crop) and the factor B: two soil depths (30 and 60cm), with three replications. . As a result, statistical differences were found among soil uses (p>0.0573) and between depths of 30 and 60cm (p<0.0061). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the interaction land-use and depth (P > 0.0659). The fodder bank presented a higher organic carbon content (139.85tC.ha-1) at 60cm depth and the potato monoculture (63.32tC.ha-1) at 30cm depth while, at both depths, natural pasture reported lower values (54.45 and 60.02tC.ha-1). Hence, the importance of productive systems to accumulate more carbon at greater depths of soil (60cm) compared to lower depths (30cm), which may be linked to agricultural opperations made on the soi surface, generating carbon leakage.

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Performance of Grain Sorghum and Forage of the Genus Brachiaria in Integrated Agricultural Production Systems

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1714

Author(s):

Stella Oliveira ◽

Kátia Aparecida Costa ◽

Eduardo Severiano ◽

Alessandro da Silva ◽

Mariana Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Integrated System ◽

Forage Production ◽

Forage Plants ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Right

Forages of the genus Brachiaria stand out among those used in integrated systems. Little is known about the potential value of new species and cultivars when intercropped with sorghum and planted in the second crop season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance (agronomic characteristics) of grain sorghum and the production and nutritional characteristics of forage plants of the genus Brachiaria in an integrated agricultural production system in the second season. The experiment had a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the intercropping of sorghum with forage plants of the genus Brachiaria (Ruziziensis grass, Marandu, Xaraes, Piata, Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass), in addition to an extra treatment with sorghum in monoculture. The results showed that sorghum intercropping with Ruziziensis grass, Paiaguas palisadegrass, Piata, and Ipypora grass did not cause a reduction in grain yield. The Xaraes, Piata, and Paiaguas palisadegrass showed higher forage production. However, the Paiaguas, Piata palisadegrass, and Ipypora grass showed better nutritional value. The sorghum intercropping with forage plants of the genus Brachiaria were promising alternatives for grain and forage production in the off-season. The right forage grass combined with sorghum in an integrated system can intensify agricultural production, optimizing the use of the area and increasing sustainability.

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Utilization of Biosolids in Forage Production Systems in Florida

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ss658-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (2) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Maria L. Silveira ◽

George A. O'Connor ◽

Joao M. B. Vendramini

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Land Application ◽

Basic Information ◽

Forage Production ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Soil And Water

This four-page publication provides basic information about land application of biosolids to pastures and hayfields in Florida. The information contained in this document should be of interest to stakeholders, biosolids managers, students, and scientists interested in topics related to biosolids management practices and the potential benefits and risks associated with biosolid land application. Written by Maria L. Silveira, George A. O’Connor, and Joao M.B. Vendramini and published by the Department of Soil and Water Sciences.

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Potensi Covercrop Kebun Sawit Sebagai Sumber Pakan Hijauan Ternak Ruminansia Pada Musim Kemarau di Pelalawan, Riau

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jsti.v17i1.3421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ruslan A. Gopar ◽

S. Martono ◽

Muhamad N. Rofiq ◽

Windu N.

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Dry Season ◽

Forage Production ◽

Destructive Sampling ◽

Matter Production ◽

Ruminant Animals ◽

Line Intercept

The objective of this experiment was to obtain forage/ cover crops productivity and carrying capacity for ruminant animals in Pelalawan Regency, Riau in the dry season. Data were collected from civil palm oil plantations at the aged 7, 10 and 14 years in the end of dry season with a destructive sampling method. Sampling used line intercept method which every hectare were picked 10 points by using a pair of 1 m2 sized quadrant. The result showed that the number of vegetations/ cover crops in oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 42 types.The proportion of forage which consist grass, legume and ferns was diverse at each age of oil palm plantations. Forage production under oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years were 2,571 kg/ha, 1479.76 kg/ha and 1417.22 kg/ha as fed and amounted to 811.41 kg/ ha, 471, 15 kg/ ha and 456.91 kg/ ha in the dry matter production. Average carrying capacities of oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 0.36 Animal units (AU)/ha/year, 0.21 AU/ha/year and 0.20 AU/ ha/year.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jumlah covercrop dan kapasitas tampungnya di kebun sawit sebagai sumber pakan hijauan ruminansia pada musim kemarau di kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau. Pengambilan data dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun milik rakyat pada akhir musim kemarau. Pengambilan sampel dengan destructive sampling method menggunakan metode garis berpetak memakai kuadran berukuran 1m2 dengan jumlah sampel tiap area sebanyak 10 titik. Berdasar hasil pengukuran diperoleh hasil jumlah vegetasi/ covercrop yang ada di kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun sebanyak 42 jenis yang bervariasi tiap umur tanaman sawit. Proporsi hijauan yang ada meliputi jenis rumput, legume dan paku-pakuan bervariasi pada tiap umur kebun sawit. Produksi hijauan yang ada di bawah kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun berturut-turut 2.571 kg/ha, 1.479,76 kg/ha dan 1.417,22 kg/ha dalam bentuk segar serta sebesar 811,41 kg/ha, 471,15 kg/ha dan 456,91 kg/ha dalam bahan kering. Kapasitas tampung dari kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun adalah 0,36 satuan ternak (ST)/ha, 0,21 ST/ha dan 0,20 ST/ha.Keywords: cover crops, oil palm plantation, forage, ruminant, dry season, Pelalawan

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Fertilization and Shading Trials to Promote Pinus nigra Seedlings’ Nursery Growth under the Climate Change Demands

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3563

Author(s):

Marianthi Tsakaldimi ◽

Panagiota Giannaki ◽

Vladan Ivetić ◽

Nikoleta Kapsali ◽

Petros Ganatsas

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Block Design ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Early Growth ◽

Climate Scenarios ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Below Ground ◽

High Fertilization

Pinus nigra is one of the most widely used tree species for reforestation within its geographical distribution, as well as being a potential substitute for other tree species in Central Europe under future climate scenarios. P. nigra is transplanted into the field as two-year or three-year old seedlings because of its relatively low growth rate in the nursery. This study investigated the effects of fertilization programs and shading on P. nigra seedlings, aiming to accelerate early growth, and thus to reduce the nursery rearing time. The experiment (a completely randomized block design) was conducted in an open-air nursery by sowing seeds from Grevena, Northern Greece, in Quick pots filled with peat and perlite in a 2:1 ratio. The seedlings were subjected to two levels of fertilization—5 and 10 g L−1 NPK (30-10-10)—and two shading levels: 50% and 70%. At the ends of the first and second nursery growing season, we recorded the seedlings’ above- and below-ground morphology and biomass data. The results show that the application of all of the treatments produced seedlings which met the targeted quality standards for outplanting. However, the combination of a high fertilization rate and low shading level resulted in seedlings of a higher morphological quality, which is often considered to be an indicator for a successful seedling establishment in the field.

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