scholarly journals Genetic Variability Trend of Lusitano Horse Breed Reared in Italy

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Cozzi ◽  
Paolo Valiati ◽  
Maria Longeri ◽  
Carlos Ferreira ◽  
Sofia Abreu Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Bottleneck Analysis ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Parentage Control

The Lusitano Horse (LH) originates from Portugal, but is reared worldwide. Since 1994, the University of Milan has routinely tested the LHs bred in Italy for parentage control. This study aims to assess the genetic variability of the LH reared in Italy using 16 microsatellites markers. Moreover, the genetic variability changes over the years in the total population (n.384) and in unrelated horses (n.47) were evaluated. Horses were grouped according to their date of birth (1975–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2010, 2010–2019). Standard genetic diversity parameters, including observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE; P-Val), allelic richness, and inbreeding coefficient (Fis) were estimated. In the whole period, the total population showed Ho as high as 0.69, low Fis (0.057), and imbalance for HWE. When considering the unrelated horses, Ho was seen to increase over time (from 0.594 in 1975–1990 to 0.68 in 2010–2019) and frequencies were in HWE, again having low and decreasing values of Fis (from 0.208 in 1975–1990 to 0.019 in 2010–2019). Bottleneck analysis excluded a recent population decline. Principal Coordinate Analysis at the individual level defined two clusters, the major cluster including all the most recent horses. An increasing number of dams (156% more from 2001–2010 to 2011–2019) supports the good variability recorded in the population so far. However, the high number of foals (77.2%) sired by only four stallions in recent years suggests caution in the choice of the sires for the future.

Canada’s changing innovation landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Razib Alam ◽  
Bonwoo Koo ◽  
Brian Paul Cozzarin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Our objective is to study Canada’s patenting activity over time in aggregate terms by destination country, by assignee and destination country, and by diversification by country of destination. We collect bibliographic patent data from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We identify 19,957 matched Canada–US patents, 34,032 Canada-only patents, and 43,656 US-only patents from 1980 to 2014. Telecommunications dominates in terms of International Patent Classification technologies for US-only and Canada–US patents. At the firm level, the greatest number of matched Canada–US patents were granted in the field of telecommunications, at the university level in pharmaceuticals, at the government level in control and instrumentation technology, and at the individual level in civil engineering. We use entropy to quantify technological diversification and find that diversification indices decline over time for Canada and the USA; however, all US indices decline at a faster rate.

Exploring entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among technical university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-736
Author(s):  
Swagatika Sahoo ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of the contextual antecedents on the individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) of university graduates, which, in turn, affects their entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected in the form of 510 valid responses from engineering students across two technical universities in India, through a structured questionnaire consisting of scales adapted from the extant literature, and the data were empirically validated in this study. The reliability and validity measures of the constructs were validated through the confirmatory factor analysis, and the proposed hypotheses were validated using structural equation modelling. Findings The results of this empirical analysis validate that the contextual antecedents have a significant positive impact on students’ entrepreneurial orientation (EO), which, in turn, has a significant positive influence on EIs. Research limitations/implications This analysis depicts the significance of EO as a perceptual driver at the individual level and substantiates that the availability of resources such as startup capital, access to business information, social networks and supportive university context significantly affects the decision-making process of an individual to venture into an otherwise uncertain occupation of entrepreneurship. Practical implications The study has the likely potential to help university administrators and policymakers to allocate resources, develop strategies and provide effective entrepreneurial learning in entrepreneurship-oriented courses aimed at honing entrepreneurial skills and self-confidence of the university students. This holistic model can be used as a tool for resource planning and prioritising in order to provide the desired contextual support essential for fostering the IEO of the university students towards adopting entrepreneurial career, thereby assisting them to achieve their career goals and the broader objective of nation-building. Originality/value This study adopts an innovative approach to empirically validate the EO construct at the individual level, which has been studied at the organisation (firm) level till today. This research explores the relevant contextual antecedents and analyses their impact on IEO as well as the explanatory capacity of IEO to explain students’ EIs in the contextual backdrop of universities in a fast transitioning economy like India.

scholarly journals What Protective Health Measures Are Americans Taking in Response to COVID-19? Results from the COVID Impact Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fares Qeadan ◽  
Nana Akofua Mensah ◽  
Benjamin Tingey ◽  
Rona Bern ◽  
Tracy Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Large Household ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Engagements

With the emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes; COVID-19, compliance with/adherence to protective measures is needed. Information is needed on which measures are, or are not, being undertaken. Data collected from the COVID Impact Survey, conducted by the non-partisan and objective research organization NORC at the University of Chicago on April, May, and June of 2020, were analyzed through weighted Quasi-Poisson regression modeling to determine the association of demographics, socioeconomics, and health conditions with protective health measures taken at the individual level in response to COVID-19. The three surveys included data from 18 regional areas including 10 states (CA, CO, FL, LA, MN, MO, MT, NY, OR, and TX) and 8 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Cleveland and Columbus, OH; Phoenix, AZ; and Pittsburgh, PA). Individuals with higher incomes, insurance, higher education levels, large household size, age 60+, females, minorities, those who have asthma, have hypertension, overweight or obese, and those who suffer from mental health issues during the pandemic were significantly more likely to report taking precautionary protective measures relative to their counterparts. Protective measures for the three subgroups with a known relationship to COVID-19 (positive for COVID-19, knowing an individual with COVID-19, and knowing someone who had died from COVID-19) were strongly associated with the protective health measures of washing hands, avoiding public places, and canceling social engagements. This study provides first baseline data on the response to the national COVID-19 pandemic at the individual level in the US. The found heterogeneity in the response to this pandemic by different variables can inform future research and interventions to reduce exposure to the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus.

scholarly journals Relationship between Learning Motivation and Reflection in Undergraduate Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Tikhomirova ◽  
N.V. Kochetkov
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to study the relationship between personal reflection and the intensity of motivation for learning in a university.In order to achieve this goal, the following techniques were employed: A.V.Karpov and V.V.Ponomaryova’s technique for identifying the individual level of reflectivity, and T.I.Ilyina’s technique for assessing learning motivation in university students.The empirical study involved 143 subjects.The obtained data indicate that for the first-year students the meaning of the ‘mastering the profession’ motive is directly connected with their reflections on the present and future activities, while the meaning of the ‘getting a diploma’ motive is inversely correlated with the reflection of communication.In the second year, the intensity of the ‘gaining knowledge’ motive correlates with the reflection of communication, and the meaning of the ‘mastering the profession’ motive has an inverse relationship with the reflection of future activity.In the third year, the values of the motive for acquiring knowledge correlate with the integral indicator of reflection, whereas in the fourth year none of the reflection components are interconnected with the components of the motivation for learning in the university.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF THR STUDENT'S RESILIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 218-239
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Постылякова
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Family System ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

В статье в рамках экологического и ресурсного подходов анализируется понятие индивидуальной жизнеспособности как важной характеристики студентов. Рассматриваются индивидуальные навыки жизнеспособности студента, проявляемой им в процессе обучения в университете, анализируются модели жизнеспособности А. Мастен и М. Унгара, созданные в рамках экологической модели развития Ю. Бронфеннбренера. Предложена экологическая модель жизнеспособности студента, которая позволяет учитывать большое число различных факторов риска, прямо или опосредованно оказывающих влияние на студента, и его защитных факторов, к которым он может обращаться для ответа на требования или угрозы, идущие от факторов риска. Факторы риска, действующие на уровне макросистем (актуальная экологическая, эпидемиологическая, экономическая и др. ситуации в стране или мире), в которые включен субъект, взаимодействуют со всеми нижележащими уровнями экологический системы (микро-, мезо- и экзосистемы, например, образовательная система вуза; семейная система и др.), и опосредованно оказывают на них влияние. Все это предъявляет к студенту требования, на которые он вынужден отвечать на основе своих индивидуальных ресурсов, а также ресурсов, заключенных на микро-, мезо- и экзо- уровнях. На любом из уровней, любая из систем может нести в себе как факторы риска, так и факторы защиты, быть ресурсной для отдельного студента. Риски могут возникать как на индивидуальном уровне (на уровне микросистем), так и на уровнях более высокого порядка. Поэтому и проявления жизнеспособности студентом оказываются необходимыми во всех этих системах и на разных уровнях. Развитие и усиление жизнеспособности происходит по мере того, как все уровни (семьи, университета, сообщества) работают вместе, чтобы положительно влиять на индивидуальный уровень жизнеспособности студента. Показано значение экологической модели жизнеспособности студента при использовании ее специалистами в области социальной, педагогической, семейной психологии, психологии развития для анализа факторов риска и жизнеспособности в научных исследованиях, психотерапевтической и консультационной работе. The article analyzes the concept of individual resilience as an important characteristic of students within the framework of environmental and resource approaches. The individual skills of the student's resilience shown by him in the process of studying at the University are considered, the models of resilience by A. Masten and M. Ungar created within the framework of the ecological model of development by Yu. Bronfenbrenner. An ecological model of the student's resilience is proposed, which allows us to take into account a large number of different risk factors that directly or indirectly affect the student, and his protective factors that he can turn to respond to the requirements or threats coming from risk factors. Risk factors operating at the level of macro-systems (current environmental, epidemiological, economic, etc. situations in the country or world), in which the subject is included, interact with all the underlying levels of the ecological system (micro -, meso - and exosystems, for example, the educational system of a university, the family system, etc.), and indirectly influence them. All this makes demands on the student, which he is forced to meet on the basis of his individual resources, as well as resources contained at the micro -, meso - and exo - levels. At any level, any of the systems can carry both risk factors and protection factors, be a resource for a student. Risks can occur both at the individual level (at the level of Microsystems) and at higher-order levels. The manifestations of resilience by the student are necessary in all these systems and at different levels. The development and strengthening of resilience occurs as all levels (family, university, community) work together to positively influence the individual level of the student's resilience. The importance of the ecological model of the student's resilience is shown when it is used by specialists in the field of social, pedagogical, family psychology, developmental psychology for the analysis of risk factors and resilience in scientific research, psychotherapeutic and consulting work.

scholarly journals Towards Research University through Ambidexterity Practice: A Lecturer Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Retno Kusumastuti ◽  
Nurul Safitri ◽  
Prima Nurita Rusmaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Research University ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The University

The concept of ambidexterity in organization theory refers to an organization's ability to innovate in explorative manners (Duncan, 1980). Ambidexterity can be identified into structural ambidexterity and contextual ambidexterity (Tushman, O'Reilly, 1990). In small medium enterprises, for example, innovation activities take contextual form since most owners act both as entrepreneurs and business leaders (Kusumastuti, et.al., 2015), while in established corporations innovation activities generally occur in structural form. Thus research takes academic institution as its locus, within which innovation activities are mandatory for all civitas academica (academic community). The study uses mixed method for collecting data through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. It shows that university has the capacity to provide context in institutional support and remuneration system as a means stimulate lecturers and researchers to be more innovative. The scheme also provided structure at the university and faculty level as tools to coordinate and integrate research projects. The organizational learning at the individual level reflects the pattern of contextual ambidexterity process.

Supporting University—Industry Linkages

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Korff ◽  
Peter van der Sijde ◽  
Peter Groenewegen ◽  
Todd Davey
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

The literature emphasizes the importance of ensuring that measures developed at the organizational level are transferable to the individual level. This is important not only for effective technology and knowledge transfer in general, but also and especially for university–industry linkages. This study reflects on support mechanisms identified by previous studies as important in the support and fostering of such linkages and examines their implementation through a case study of the Münster University of Applied Sciences. Using qualitative analysis, the authors demonstrate how the support mechanisms developed by the management of the university can be translated to the individual level and thereby can encourage and foster university–industry linkages.

scholarly journals Science–Business Relations in the Opinion of University Employees. Expectations Versus Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Michał Jacuński
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
University Employees ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

Summary The aim of this article is finding out, based on the obtained empirical data from an opinion poll carried out among the employees of the University of Wrocław, in what way and in what scope cooperation with entrepreneurs (business) takes place on the individual level and on the level of a university. The obtained responses served the purpose of analysis and diagnosis of the level and potential of cooperation between the scientific-didactic personnel, including doctoral students and the economic environment. Key factors stimulating and hampering cooperation were defined. The intermediate goal was to find out, whether in light of the expressed opinions a university is still perceived as a place for carrying out goals typical of a 2nd generation, Humboldt-type university, or whether the features of a creative 3rd generation1 university can be seen. 3rd generation university is focused more on cooperation with the external environment and an exchange of resources. By means of the theory of rational choice two hypotheses were formulated and confirmed: first of all, university employees cooperate with entrepreneurs bypassing the university and the second thing is that cooperation with business is above all a source of individual benefits and is assessed as good. The survey was carried out among the employees of the University of Wrocław in the first half of 2018.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and admixture in three native draught horse breeds assessed using microsatellite markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vostrá-Vydrová ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
B. Hofmanová ◽  
N. Moravčíková ◽  
Z. Veselá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Membership Probability ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Genetic Segregation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

In this study, we aimed to estimate and compare genetic diversity of two native draught horse breeds and check the possible influence of Noriker breed population on these native breeds. Genetic analyses of relationships and admixture were performed in two native endangered draught horse populations (Silesian Noriker and Czech-Moravian Belgian horses) and one open breed (Noriker). Totally 104 alleles from 13 microsatellite loci were detected in 1298 horses. The average number of alleles per locus was the highest in the Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (7.62) and the lowest in the Silesian Noriker (7.31), the differences were non-significant, whereas the observed and expected heterozygosities per breed ranged from 0.680 (Czech-Moravian Belgian) to 0.719 (Noriker) and from 0.678 (Silesian Noriker) to 0.714 (Noriker). The estimates of Wright’s F<sub>ST</sub> between each pair of breeds indicated a low level of genetic segregation. At the individual level across the analyzed population, formation of two clusters was observed with respect to historical breed development. Moreover, the membership probability outputs showed that the frequencies of alleles varied across the two main regions represented by the Czech-Moravian Belgian and other analyzed breeds. Our results indicated high genetic variability, low inbreeding, and low genetic differentiation, especially between Silesian Noriker and Noriker, which is caused by the high level of admixture. This high level of admixture was in accordance with geographical location, history, and breeding practices of the analyzed breeds. The Silesian Noriker and Noriker breeds seem to be the most genetically related and the decision to consider them as the same population is thus highly supported. The study provides data and information utilizable in the management of conservation programs planned to reduce inbreeding and to minimize loss of genetic variability.  

scholarly journals THE NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY FRENCH TEACHER AS INNOVATOR: AN INNOVATION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF UYO FRENCH STUDIES CURRICULUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike T. U. Edung
Keyword(s):  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
French Language ◽  
French Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Nigerian University ◽  
The Individual ◽  
French Curriculum ◽  
The University

<p>This paper begins by aligning with the position of some curriculum theorists that curriculum is a set of learning opportunities and experiences organized to enable the learners in an educational system to attain societal aspirations and values, one of these being development which begins at the individual level, with the attainment of self-actualization and fulfilment, including a fulfilling employment. The paper then reviews the University French studies curriculum in Nigeria from its inception, and reveals that from the 1990s, the B.A. (French) curriculum in particular has increasingly produced unemployed graduates because the curriculum has equipped them with unemployable skills and competencies. “Français de spécialités” is proposed as a curriculum content innovation that would give the learner employable skills and competencies. A B.A. degree curriculum which combines the study of French language with that of another discipline whose specialized French language the learner wants to master is proposed as an effective strategy for the pedagogy of “français de spécialités”. Motivated by this researcher’s studies, his Department has adopted and is in the process of implementing this curriculum. The teacher’s innovative disposition is therefore an asset to French studies in Nigeria, especially at the University level where innovative thinking and research are of primary importance.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0628/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

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