Mobile Poultry Processing Unit as a Resource for Small Poultry Farms: Planning and Economic Efficiency, Animal Welfare, Meat Quality and Sanitary Implications

: Nowadays there is an increasing demand for poultry products from alternative rearing systems. These systems, commonly named pastured poultry production (PPP), are more expensive than intensive rearing system but sustain biodiversity, local economies and farm multi-functionality besides providing meat to which consumers attribute high ethical value and quality. PPP generally uses large outdoor runs, small number of animals and requires chickens adapted to natural environment. One of the most relevant obstacles to further development of PPP systems is related to the slaughtering of animals economically and at the same time complying with the sanitary regulations to maintain food safety standards. A possible solution could be represented by a Mobile Poultry Processing Unit (MPPU), which directly reaches the poultry farms. MPPU can consider a good compromise for the niche production providing an opportunity to small farmers to exploit the full potential of their production system. The aim of this review is to analyse the essential requisites and MPPU economic viability in an Italian system. Qualitative, societal aspects are discussed together with bird welfare and hygiene implications. The case study indicates the viability of MPPUs but notes that up scaling to medium sized operations would not be permissible under current EU regulations.

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Salmonella Bacteriophage Diversity According to Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Layer and Broiler Poultry Farms from Eastern Spain

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽

Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽

Clara Marin

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Production Type ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Salmonella Serovars ◽

The Impact ◽

Phage Isolation ◽

Salmonella Phage

The exploration of novel nonantibiotic interventions in the field, such as the use of bacteriophages, is necessary to avoid the presence of Salmonella. Bacteriophages are a group of viruses widely distributed in nature, strictly associated with the prokaryotic cell. Researchers have demonstrated the success of phage therapy in reducing Salmonella counts in poultry products. However, the impact that phage concentration in the environment may have against certain Salmonella serovars is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess Salmonella phage prevalence in commercial poultry farms in terms of the production type: layers or broilers. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars isolated in poultry production were used for phage isolation. Salmonella specific phages were isolated from 141 layer and broiler farms located in the Valencia region during 2019. Analysis of the samples revealed that 100% presented Salmonella phages, the most prevalent being against serovar S. Enteritidis (93%), followed by S. Virchow (59%), S. Typhimurium (55%), S. Infantis (52%) and S. Ohio (51%). These results indicate that poultry farms could represent an important source of Salmonella phages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of phages against other serovars present in other countries and their diversity from the point of view of molecular studies.

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UKRAINE’S PLACE AND CHALLENGES IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PRODUCTION OF CHICKEN EGGS

Baltic Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-214-220 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 214

Author(s):

Svetlana Tereschenko ◽

Elena Diachenko

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Raw Materials ◽

General Structure ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Chicken Eggs ◽

Poultry Farming

Research subject. This report examines the current situation in poultry egg sector development in countries of Eastern Europe, features and challenges for Ukrainian eggs sector. The aim of the work is to summarize theoretical and practical aspects of improving the economic efficiency of poultry industry enterprises, to analyse the current state of the organization of egg poultry production, to develop and substantiate general recommendations for improving the state of the poultry industry at specialized enterprises. The methodology of the study includes statistical methods and methods of economic and comparative analysis, etc. The article presents the results of research on the dynamics of poultry development in Eastern Europe and Ukraine in particular. The movement of poultry, the level of poultry production and the production of chicken eggs, consumption of poultry products are analysed. The functional and organizational structure of the poultry business in Ukraine is developed. The general structure of poultry production allocation is provided, which proves the formation of poultry farming as an industrial business and reduction in the share of poultry keeping in households due to the concentration of production in specialized enterprises. The main producers of poultry products in Ukraine are revised. The dynamics of sales prices for chicken eggs and main factors influencing its annual fluctuations are investigated. The export potential of poultry farming is analysed, as well as the main importer countries of Ukrainian poultry production. The issue of modern challenges and problem areas of production of the corresponding products is investigated, concerning less manoeuvrability of small poultry farms, their inability to influence the conjuncture of the poultry market. The main threats to the activities of enterprises are named, first of all, by external factors: the economic situation in the country, which affects purchasing power of buyers, the level of egg prices, increased competition from large enterprises and enterprises of EU member states, livestock diseases and the epidemiological situation in the country. The analysis of the possibilities of further development of poultry farms, taking into account the existing potential and modern poultry business problems, is carried out. The main directions for improving production with the aim of improving the efficiency of the poultry industry are determined: improving biotechnological processes, providing a set of measures improving poultry, compliance stocking density of birds in the poultry house, proper nutrition by scientifically grounded norms of consumption of nutrients and elements; improvement of methodological basis of state supervision over the quality and safety of food products and raw materials; creation of modern instrumental analytical framework and quality control and safety of food raw materials and foodstuffs, etc.

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Application of Bacteriophages to Limit Campylobacter in Poultry Production

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.458721 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Elena G. Olson ◽

Andrew C. Micciche ◽

Michael J. Rothrock ◽

Yichao Yang ◽

Steven C. Ricke

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Control Measures ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Free Products ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Increasing Demand

Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen with over a million United States cases a year and is typically acquired through the consumption of poultry products. The common occurrence of Campylobacter as a member of the poultry gastrointestinal tract microbial community remains a challenge for optimizing intervention strategies. Simultaneously, increasing demand for antibiotic-free products has led to the development of several alternative control measures both at the farm and in processing operations. Bacteriophages administered to reduce foodborne pathogens are one of the alternatives that have received renewed interest. Campylobacter phages have been isolated from both conventionally and organically raised poultry. Isolated and cultivated Campylobacter bacteriophages have been used as an intervention in live birds to target colonized Campylobacter in the gastrointestinal tract. Application of Campylobacter phages to poultry carcasses has also been explored as a strategy to reduce Campylobacter levels during poultry processing. This review will focus on the biology and ecology of Campylobacter bacteriophages in poultry production followed by discussion on current and potential applications as an intervention strategy to reduce Campylobacter occurrence in poultry production.

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Evaluation of poultry processing practices, related public health laws and diseases of chickens at slaughter: A pilot study in Kaduna state

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.4314/sokjvs.v13i1.6 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 38-47

Author(s):

OG Oladiran ◽

J Kabir

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Value Chain ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Quality And Safety ◽

Live Bird Markets ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Animal Disease Control ◽

Poultry Processing ◽

Health Laws ◽

Live Bird

Poultry processing procedures and environment are integral to the quality and safety of meat derived from poultry. The existing practices used in the slaughter and processing of poultry and the disposition of poultry workers towards poultry inspection in four major live bird markets in Kaduna were evaluated using structured questionnaires administered to 30 marketers, 51 processors, 19 marketers/processors and each market manager respectively. Background public health regulations related to poultry production and processing as provided within the Meat Law (1968), Food and Drug Act (1974) and Animal Diseases (Control) Act (1988) were also assessed for gaps that could compromise quality and safety of poultry products in Nigeria. The diseases detectable at postmortem inspection of 1000 poultry carcasses processed in these live bird markets were documented. Live bird market workers were all males mainly between 20-39 years of age and had secondary school education (64%). Majority (51%) consist of poultry processors, largely ignorant of public health laws. Up to 95% and 74% of the workers will welcome routine ante-mortem and post mortem inspection respectively. Lesions related to Newcastle disease had the highest frequency of occurrence (41.6%) amongst inspected birds. Existing laws have made provisions to ensure that animal production and processing are coordinated for the benefits and health of the general populace. Laws evaluated have gaps that could compromise various stages of quality assurance along the poultry value chain, lack specificity in terms of addressing specific issues of poultry hygiene and did not adequately empower the veterinary services to enforce measures that will ensure safe poultry products. Hence, the revised Animal Disease Control Edict and Meat Hygiene Act should be passed into law, Nigerian live poultry market workforce needs training on poultry processing precautionary public health measures, and the use of protective clothing should be made mandatory. Keywords: Inspection, Legislation, Poultry, Processing, Public health

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Survival and Control of Campylobacter in Poultry Production Environment

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.615049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed J. Hakeem ◽

Xiaonan Lu

Keyword(s):

Control Method ◽

Water Source ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Production Environment ◽

Molecular Physiology ◽

Production Chain ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Strict Requirement

Campylobacter species are Gram-negative, motile, and non–spore-forming bacteria with a unique helical shape that changes to filamentous or coccoid as an adaptive response to environmental stresses. The relatively small genome (1.6 Mbp) of Campylobacter with unique cellular and molecular physiology is only understood to a limited extent. The overall strict requirement of this fastidious microorganism to be either isolated or cultivated in the laboratory settings make itself to appear as a weak survivor and/or an easy target to be inactivated in the surrounding environment of poultry farms, such as soil, water source, dust, surfaces and air. The survival of this obligate microaerobic bacterium from poultry farms to slaughterhouses and the final poultry products indicates that Campylobacter has several adaptive responses and/or environmental niches throughout the poultry production chain. Many of these adaptive responses remain puzzles. No single control method is yet known to fully address Campylobacter contamination in the poultry industry and new intervention strategies are required. The aim of this review article is to discuss the transmission, survival, and adaptation of Campylobacter species in the poultry production environments. Some approved and novel control methods against Campylobacter species throughout the poultry production chain will also be discussed.

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FARMER’S KNOWLEDGE ON ANTI-MICROBIAL RESISTANCE, THEIR PRACTISE OF ANTIMICROBIALS USAGE AND BIOSECURITY STATUS OF POULTRY FARMS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY AND CHITWAN DISTRICT, NEPAL

Malaysian Animal Husbandry Journal ◽

10.26480/mahj.01.2021.26.32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Sushan Dhakal ◽

Tulsi Ram Gompo

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Close Contact ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Study Sites

The poultry industry has transformed into one of the vibrant economic activities in Nepal, contributing to almost 4% of the national GDP. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the poultry farmers of Kathmandu valley and Chitwan district to assess the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the farmers; their practice of antimicrobial use in poultry productions and the biosecurity status of their poultry farms. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a total of 112 respondents, 56 each from the study sites. Nineteen percent (11/56) of the farmers from the Kathmandu valley and 16% (9/56) of that of Chitwan district knew about the antimicrobial resistance (AMR). About 53.6% (30/56) of farmers from Kathmandu valley and 60.7% (34/56) from Chitwan district followed the drug’s withdrawal period. About 33.9% (19/56) of the farmers of Kathmandu valley and 41.1% (23/56) of Chitwan could tell the names of antibiotics they used in their farms. Doxycycline (25.9%, 29/112) was the most used antibiotic followed by Tylosin (21.5%, 24/112), Colistin (18.75%, 21/112), Ciprofloxacin (13.4%, 15/112) and Neomycin (12.5%, 14/112) in both districts. On average of 41.05% (46/112) farmers knew about the harmful effects of drug residues present in the poultry products. 69.6% (39/56) of poultry farms in Kathmandu valley 53.6% (30/56) of Chitwan district had fences. All the farmers of both districts had separate boots for their farms (100%). 8.9% (5/56) of farms in Chitwan district and 16.1% (9/56) of farms in Kathmandu valley disinfected vehicles entering the farms. Nearly 53.6% (30/56) of the farms in Kathmandu valley and 46.4% (26/56) in Chitwan were in close contact with wild birds. Identifying the critical gaps in knowledge and practice of antimicrobials and improving the farms’ biosecurity status could address the issues of AMR in poultry. We suggest a reduction of antimicrobials in the poultry production by adopting alternative measures.

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Poultry Production in Nepal: Characteristics, Productivity and Constraints

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.17616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 222-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajani Osti ◽

Dinesh Bhattarai ◽

Harshika Chaudhary ◽

Virendra Singh

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Marketing Channel ◽

Site Investigation ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ranking Technique ◽

Poultry Farming

Poultry farming is integral part of agriculture in Nepal. The objective of this research was to analyze the prevailing production constraints, characterization of poultry farming and its economic analysis using questionnaire-based survey and on-site investigation. 180 farms were selected from 3 major districts. Garrett’s ranking technique was used to analyze the constraints. Highly significant difference (P<0.01) in size of poultry farm was found. We found significant difference in feeding, housing and drinking system for the chicken. Un-organized chicken marketing channel was observed in the study area. High chicks’ mortality, wastage of feed, insecure vaccination and frequent drop in egg production were characteristic of laying hens. Newcastle disease and Chronic Respiratory Disease were acknowledged as the biggest constraint of chicken production. Government and concerned agencies need to take active part for the extension service to strengthen the health of chicken and organized marketing channel is essential for selling of poultry products which can improve the profit to the farmers.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 222-226

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