scholarly journals Assessing Knowledge and Perception Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance in University Students of Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Nisa Yousaf ◽  
Sana Haider ◽  
Pervisha Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Usman Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The irrational use of antimicrobials has enormously contributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally and especially in the developing world. To assess the knowledge and perception regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in university students enrolled in pharmacy, veterinary, and biology programs by using an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chi-square and Fisher exact tests (where applicable) were performed to assess the association of the demographics with the students’ knowledge and perception regarding AMR and AMS. A total of 496 students completed the questionnaire, among which, 85.7% of the participants were familiar with the term AMR and 79.4% of the participants correctly identified a poorly designed dosing regimen as a contributing factor towards AMR. The majority of participants (57.9%) were familiar with the term AMS and 86.5% were aware of the aim of AMS. The participants showed good knowledge regarding AMR and AMS, but to further improve student knowledge and perception of AMS and AMR, it is suggested that dedicated modules on antibiotic use and AMS should be incorporated into the curricula of these undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

scholarly journals Waterpipe smoking: prevalence and associated factors among Jazan University students, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Bahri ◽  
Ibrahim M. Gosadi ◽  
Mohamed S. Mahfouz ◽  
Osama B. Albasheer ◽  
Yahya H. Mawkili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Waterpipe (WP) smoking exposes smokers to high levels of tobacco and toxins. This investigation is aiming to assess the prevalence of WP smoking among Jazan University students and to related influencing factors.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Multistage random sampling was utilized to target several colleges in Jazan University. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire where information about demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice were collected. Chi square test and T Students test were used to assess statistical difference of measured variable among studied groups.Results: A total of 610 Jazan University students were recruited in this survey. The prevalence of students who had ever tried WP smoking (even once) was 52% and the proportion of participants who were current smokers at the time of recruitment was 34%. Being a male student, older than 21, related to health speciality and non-smoker was found to have a higher level of knowledge concerning WP smoking. A higher proportion of smokers were found to agree that WP smoking made them more attractive, agree that smoking WP is cheaper than cigarettes and agree that flavoured WP is less harmful than unflavoured WP when compared to non-smokers. Influence of gender smoking practice was apparent where most female student smokers were found to prefer to smoke with friends but not in the home or a cafe.Conclusions: The prevalence of WP smoking detected among Jazan University students was relatively high which mandates appropriate implementation of educational health campaigns with targeting influencing social determinants.

scholarly journals Is health literacy associated with antibiotic use, knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among non-medical university students in Egypt? A cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e046453
Author(s):  
Aya Mostafa ◽  
Abdurrahman Abdelzaher ◽  
Salma Rashed ◽  
Salma I AlKhawaga ◽  
Shadwa K Afifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical University

ObjectivesAntibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, especially in developing countries, where antibiotic misuse is widespread. However, studies investigating relevant factors, particularly in youth, are limited. This study examined the levels of health literacy (HL) and their association with antibiotic use, knowledge of antibiotics and awareness of antibiotic resistance among university students in Egypt.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires during 2018. The Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q16) and the WHO Antibiotic resistance: Multi-Country Public Awareness Survey were used. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to compare responses on use and knowledge of antibiotics, and awareness of antibiotic resistance between the three levels of students’ HL.SettingUniversity, Cairo, Egypt.Participants508 non-medical university students.OutcomesStudents’ HL scores were categorised into sufficient, problematic and inadequate. Students’ knowledge of antibiotics was categorised into good and poor. Students’ awareness of antibiotic resistance was categorised into high, average and poor.Results35.1% of students had sufficient HL. 79.7% of students had poor knowledge of antibiotics. 39.9% of students reported having used antibiotics in the past month without a prescription. 92.2% had limited awareness of antibiotic resistance and 30.6% of students heard about the term ‘antimicrobial resistance’. Background characteristics did not significantly differ by HL levels or knowledge scores, except for students’ year of study. Sufficient HL was independently associated with students’ high awareness of antibiotic resistance (adjusted OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.9).ConclusionsHL was insufficient in this sample of non-medical Egyptian university students. Across all levels of HL, knowledge of antibiotics and awareness of antibiotic resistance were limited, reflecting deficiency in relevant education programmes. Findings suggest that sufficient HL supports high awareness of antibiotic resistance. Incorporating HL and rational antibiotic use awareness raising programmes in university curricula is an urgent necessity to curb antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Pharmacists toward Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pakistan

Pharmacy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat Rehman ◽  
Malik Asad ◽  
Allah Bukhsh ◽  
Zahid Ali ◽  
Humera Ata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: The irrational use, “over the counter supply”, and unregulated supply chains of antimicrobials are contributing toward antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship programs regulate antimicrobials usage to prevent resistance and reduce health care burden. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of pharmacists’ working in various healthcare settings toward antimicrobial stewardship in Pakistan. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists working in different sectors between March to June 2017. Results: A total of 181 pharmacists participated, of whom (n = 145, 80.1%) were males. The majority of participants were in the 20–30 age group (n = 147, 81.2%) and hold Doctor of Pharmacy degrees. More than 80% of pharmacists agreed that “antimicrobial stewardship is essential to improve patient care”; while (n = 159, 87.8%) pharmacists agreed that “pharmacist should be trained on the use of antimicrobial”. Close to 90% of pharmacists agreed that “adequate training should be provided to pharmacists on antimicrobial use”. Regarding the practice of antimicrobial stewardship, (n = 72, 39.8%) pharmacists often/always “make efforts to prevent or reduce the transmission of infections within the community”; (n = 58, 32%) pharmacists never “dispense antimicrobials without a prescription”; and (n = 60, 32%) pharmacist often/always “communicate with prescribers if unsure about the appropriateness of an antibiotic prescription”. Conclusions: Increased antimicrobial stewardship efforts can both optimize the treatment of infections and reduce adverse events associated with antibiotic use. Pharmacists in Pakistan have good knowledge and adopt positive practices toward antimicrobial stewardship. Pharmacist and other health care professionals should collaborate within multi-disciplinary teams to reduce the problem of antimicrobial resistance and improve the quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety among university students of health sciences in Brazil: findings and implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Vasconcelos de Sá Alves ◽  
Waléria de Paula ◽  
Patrícia Ribeiro Rezende Netto ◽  
Brian Godman ◽  
Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Issues ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety disorders among university students of health sciences at Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study between March to June 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic, academic, family and behavioral issues. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to assess anxiety. Estimates were obtained through the prevalence ratio and Poisson multivariate analysis. Results Four hundred and ninety-three students participated with a mean age of 23.1 and predominantly women (79.9%). All students had some degree of anxiety, with the frequency of the severe, moderate and mild forms being 28.0%, 29.8% and 27.0%, respectively. The factors associated with anxiety included having suffered psychological and/or physical violence in childhood, having suicidal thoughts, having a deceased parent, living with parents, being dissatisfied with the course and being in the exam period. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety was high in our study and family problems prior to entering university seem to significantly influence the degree of anxiety, which may compromise the student’s academic and social performance.

scholarly journals Career prospects among dental and medical residents: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Abdul Saheer ◽  
Aishwarya Suresh ◽  
Shabnam Shaji ◽  
Arya Rajendran ◽  
Ashik Muhammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medical Category ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Career is the progress and actions taken by a person throughout lifetime, especially those related to that person’s occupation, and is often composed of the jobs held, titles earned, and work accomplished over a long period of time. It plays a very important role in the success of one’s life. Aim: The aim was to compare the career prospects among medical and dental residents in a private institution in Thodupuzha, Kerala. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 medical residents and 52 dental residents and was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 is considered to be statistically significant. Results: In medical profession, it was found that majority (71%) of the residents were satisfied with their career. In dental category, 88% wished for medical sector, whereas in medical category, 60% would opt for engineering. It was reported that poor pay scale among 54% of the medical category and 59% of dental residents suggested less job in the market was the reason for dissatisfaction. Majority (73%) in medical residents and a very minimal (23%) of the dental residents would recommend the own profession to the fellow colleagues (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The dental residents were found to be dissatisfied with their career compared with medical graduates. Better job perspectives and better placements need to be created. Endorsement of effective policies is required.

scholarly journals The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Maria Zaratini Fernandes ◽  
Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro Lima
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.

Knowledge, Misconceptions, and Future Intentions Towards Breastfeeding Among Female University Students in Kuwait

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Ebrahim ◽  
Hadeel Al-Enezi ◽  
Mohammed Al-Turki ◽  
Ali Al-Turki ◽  
Fatma Al-Rabah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Skin Rash ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Common Misconceptions

A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on female university students (N = 1106) to explore their knowledge and misconceptions on breastfeeding. Most participants recognized the benefits of breastfeeding, but only a few were aware of the recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life. Misconceptions were common; 66%, 60%, and 55% of participants thought mothers should temporarily stop breastfeeding if they had a fever, skin rash, or sore throat, respectively. Approximately 20% thought mothers should stop breastfeeding if the child had diarrhea, vomiting, or skin rash. Support of breastfeeding in public places was low, but 38% supported breastfeeding in female prayer rooms in public places. Efforts should be made to correct common misconceptions on breastfeeding and increase the support of breastfeeding in public places among university students. Female prayer rooms that exist in all public places in Kuwait can be used to promote breastfeeding in public places in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Birzeit University students: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani A. Naseef ◽  
Ni'meh Al-Shami ◽  
Lilian S. Abu Hadba ◽  
Leen A. Humos ◽  
Ruba N. Shaheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Aim: COVID-19 the novel corona virus that has been characterized as a pandemic; as it spreads all over the world and has so far infected more than 20 million worldwide. In Palestine, the first seven cases were documented on March 5th, 2020 followed by the declaration of the state of emergency. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 among Birzeit University students.Subject and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out, a questionnaire was developed based on the WHO, CDC, ECDC recommendations. The questionnaire was distributed online and filled by Birzeit University students. Chi-square testing was performed to check for significant association between KAP and different sociodemographic variables. Binary logistic regression performed to identify and control the confounding factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22).Results: A total of 665 students have completed the online questionnaire. The mean age was (20.55±3.069) years. Multivariate analysis revealed that males, students from health professions and scientific faculties and those with highly educated parents had manifested a good knowledge level (GKL) about Covid -19. Regarding students’ practices, less negative practices were prompted by students from health professions faculty and the students living at the middle governorate of Palestine compared to north, south and Jerusalem dwellers. With regards to the practices, the vast majority of the participants held a positive and very cautious practice towards the COVID-19 epidemic.Conclusion: Our results revealed that students had variable knowledge regarding Covid-19 and the vast majority depended on the official media briefs in Palestine as a source of information. With regards to practices, positive and cautious practices towards the COVID-19 epidemic were carried out by the vast majority of participants.

scholarly journals Status of Antimicrobial Stewardship Implementation in Some Egyptian Hospitals, a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Alaa Hamdy ◽  
Nahla Hesham Kandil ◽  
Ahmed Noby Amer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
It Support ◽  
Restriction Methods

Abstract Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) aims to stopping or slowing emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains. After initiation of National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Egypt, there were several initiatives by hospitals to implement ASP but no formal assessment was performed.Objective & setting: This study attempts to assess the extent of ASP application in different Egyptian hospitals; stewardship knowledge & implementation in selected hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess stewardship knowledge & implementation in selected hospitals in Egypt. Main outcome measure: Core elements of the survey included Hospital Description, ASP committee, ASP Activities (including training, restriction methods and outcome measurement), reporting antibiotic use, antibiogram, information technology (IT) support, ASP restriction methods and ASP Future ApplicationResults: The study included many aspects regarding hospital description; all types of hospitals were involved. Most of hospitals (61.8%) implemented an ASP program while 38.2% did not; 71.4 % of the later are planning for future Antimicrobial stewardship application. 22 hospitals (48.5%) reported having facility-specific antibiogram on regular basis. 13 hospitals (37.1%) reported receiving antimicrobial reports on regular basis. 15 hospitals (42.9%) reported having one or more computer programs already in use. The monitoring activities included resistance patterns, infection rates, length of stay, mortality rate & reported adverse drug reactions. Only 20% of the hospitals included in this study reported having an ASP training program. Conclusion: Egyptian hospitals have a fairly good implementation, improvements need to include IT support programs, healthcare members cooperation, monitoring outcomes & infectious disease (ID) consultations.

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