scholarly journals Presence of the Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-Encoding Genes in Escherichia coli from Companion Animals—A Study from a University-Based Veterinary Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Fang-Ling Liu ◽  
Nan-Ling Kuan ◽  
Kuang-Sheng Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Highly Virulent

Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase are two enzymes commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae that confer resistance to major antibiotics, such as third-generation cephalosporins that are widely prescribed for both human and animals. We screened for Escherichia coli producing ESBL and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) from dogs and cats brought to National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan from 29 June 2020, to 31 December 2020. The genotypes and phylogenetic relatedness of these E. coli were also analyzed. Fifty samples of E. coli obtained from 249 bacterial isolates were included in this study. Among them, eight isolates had ESBL, seven had pAmpC, and one had both. Thirty-two percent (16/50) of E. coli isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The detected ESBL genes included the blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 groups, and the blaCMY-2 group was the only gene type found in pAmpC. ESBL-producing E. coli belonged to the pathogenic phylogroup B2, and the sequence types (STs) were ST131 and ST1193. Three isolates were determined to be ST131-O25b, a highly virulent epidemic clone. The pAmpC-producing E. coli were distributed in multiple phylogroups, primarily the commensal phylogroup B1. The STs of the pAmpC-producing E. coli included ST155, ST315, ST617, ST457, ST767, ST372, and ST93; all of these have been reported in humans and animals. Imipenem was active against all the ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli; however, since in humans it is a last-resort antimicrobial, its use in companion animals should be restricted.

scholarly journals Prevalence of faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in veterinary hospital staff and students

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Royden ◽  
Emma Ormandy ◽  
Gina Pinchbeck ◽  
Ben Pascoe ◽  
Matthew D Hitchings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria causing clinical infections are often also multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial drug classes), therefore treatment options may be limited. High carriage rates of these potentially zoonotic bacteria have been found in livestock and companion animals. Therefore, people working in veterinary hospitals may be a high-risk population for carriage. This is the first study to determine the prevalence and longitudinal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) and ESBL-producing faecal Escherichia coli in veterinary hospital staff and students. Prevalence of faecal AMR and ESBL-producing E coli was determined in 84 staff members and students in three UK veterinary hospitals. Twenty-seven participants were followed for six weeks to investigate longitudinal carriage. Antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic ESBL production were determined and selected isolates were whole genome sequenced. ESBL-producing E coli were isolated from five participants (5.95 per cent; 95 per cent CI 0.89 to 11.0 per cent); two participants carried ESBL-producing E coli resistant to all antimicrobials tested. Carriage of MDR E coli was common (32.1 per cent; 95per cent CI 22.2 to 42.1 per cent) and there was a high prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance (11.9 per cent; 95 per cent CI 4.98 to 18.8 per cent). ESBL-producing E coli were isolated from seven longitudinal participants (25.9 per cent; 95 per cent CI 9.40 to 42.5 per cent); two participants carried ESBL-producing E coli for the entire study period. Twenty-six participants (96.3 per cent; 95 per cent CI 89.2 to 100) carried ≥1 MDR E coli isolate during the six-week period, with seven participants (25.9 per cent) carrying ≥1 MDR isolate for at least five out of six weeks. The prevalence of faecal ESBL-producing E coli in cross-sectional participants is similar to asymptomatic general populations. However, much higher levels of carriage were observed longitudinally in participants. It is vital that veterinary hospitals implement gold-standard biosecurity to prevent transmission of MDR and ESBL-producing bacteria between patients and staff. Healthcare providers should be made aware that people working in veterinary hospitals are a high-risk population for carriage of MDR and ESBL-producing bacteria, and that this poses a risk to the carrier and for transmission of resistance throughout the wider community.

scholarly journals Population Snapshot of the Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia Coli Invasive Strains Isolated From a Hungarian Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Tóth ◽  
Ákos Tóth ◽  
Katalin Kamotsay ◽  
Viktória Németh ◽  
Dóra Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Abstract Background:This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the genetic background of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive isolates obtained from a tertiary-care hospital in Budapest, Hungary. MethodsBetween October-November 2018, all invasive ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected from Central Hospital of Southern Pest. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the EUCAST guidelines. The possible clonal relationships were investigated by core genome (cg)MLST (SeqSphere+) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of isolates obtained from Illumina 251-bp paired-end sequencing. From WGS data acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and replicon types were retrieved using ResFinder3.1, PlasmidFinder2.1, and pMLST-2.0 online tools.ResultsOverall, 25 E. coli isolates were detected and six proved to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Full genome sequence analysis showed that five E. coli isolates belonged to the ST131 clone: two to C1-M27 subclade with blaCTX-M-27 and three to C2/H30Rx subclade with blaCTX-M-15. One isolate belonged to ST1193 with blaCTX-M-27. According to cgMLST, all C2/H30Rx isolates formed a cluster (≤6 allele differences), while the blaCTX-M-27-producing C1-M27 isolates differed at least 35 alleles from each other. Both C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 ST131 isolates harbored similar antimicrobial resistance gene sets. However, only C2/H30Rx isolates had the qnrB and aac(3)-IIa. All isolates showed resistance against ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, and the C2/H30Rx isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, and ceftazidime.ConclusionsOut of six third-generation cephalosporins-resistant, invasive E. coli, five belonged to the S131clone. This study indicates, that the C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 subclades of the ST131 appear to be the dominant clones collected in a Hungarian hospital.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from hospital settings in Yemen

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 953-959
Author(s):  
Samar Nasher ◽  
Sameer Alsharapy ◽  
Anwar Al-Madhagi ◽  
Fathiah Zakham
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Introduction: Infection with Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing bacteria is considered as serious health problem worldwide. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in hospitalized patients and the risk factors contributed for its nosocomial infections in addition to the antibiotics susceptibility patterns of isolates from 130 inpatients collected in Al Thawra General Hospital and Al-Kuwait University Hospital in Sana’a city. Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility testing and confirmation of ESBL production were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Out of 130 E. coli isolates, 44 (33.8%) were ESBLs producers, the majority of ESBLs producers were in wound exudates samples (52.2%). The highest significant rates were among the elderly, patients with previous hospitalization, patients who have stayed in hospital more than 22 days, patients who have taken third generation cephalosporins as treatment and diabetic patients. All ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and the third generation cephalosporins (100%). Resistance to other antimicrobial agents among these isolates was: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (90.9%), nalidixic acid (95.5%), ciprofloxacin (90.9%), ofloxacin (88.6%) and tetracycline (54.5%). The most effective antibiotics in vitro for both types of isolates (ESBL producing and non ESBL producing E. coli) were Imipenem (100%), Amikacin (75%) and (93.0%), respectively, and Pipracillin-tazobactam (68.2%) and (88.4%), respectively. Conclusion: ESBLs detection tests must be performed as routine work in all hospitals and laboratories. Furthermore, a strict adherence of infection control policies and procedures with continuous antibiotics resistance surveillance are important to prevent nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibke Wetzker ◽  
Yvonne Pfeifer ◽  
Solvy Wolke ◽  
Andrea Haselbeck ◽  
Rasmus Leistner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms that circulate in the environment is an important topic of scientific research and contributes to the development of action plans to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a synanthropic vector for multiple pathogens and a reservoir for AMR, flies can be used for surveillance. Methods: We collected 163 flies in the inner city of Berlin and examined them for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genotypically and phenotypically. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in flies was 12.9%. Almost half (47.6%) of the ESBL-positive samples showed a co-resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to carbapenems or colistin was not detected. The predominant ESBL-type was CTX-M-1, which is associated with wildlife, livestock, and companion animals as a potential major source of transmission of MDR E. coli to flies. Conclusions: This field study confirms the permanent presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in an urban fly population. For continuous monitoring of environmental contamination with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, flies can be used as indicators without much effort.

scholarly journals National Prevalence of Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Escherichia coli Isolates from Layer Flocks in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 6351-6353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Chauvin ◽  
Laetitia Le Devendec ◽  
Eric Jouy ◽  
Maena Le Cornec ◽  
Sylvie Francart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
National Prevalence ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

ABSTRACTResistance ofEscherichia colito third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) in fecal samples representative of French egg production was studied. The susceptibility to cefotaxime ofE. coliisolates obtained by culture on nonselective media was determined. Twenty-two nonsusceptible isolates were obtained (7.51%; 95% confidence interval, 4.49 to 10.54%), the majority of which came from young birds. Most isolates carried ablaCTX-M-1group gene, and a few carried ablaCMY-2-like gene. Control of 3GC resistance in laying hens is needed.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates from Companion Animals in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5666-5675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar W. Shaheen ◽  
Rajesh Nayak ◽  
Steven L. Foley ◽  
Ohgew Kweon ◽  
Joanna Deck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Chromosomal Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTResistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) among members of the familyEnterobacteriaceaeoccurs worldwide; however, little is known about ESC resistance inEscherichia colistrains from companion animals. Clinical isolates ofE. coliwere collected from veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the United States from 2008 to 2009.E. coliisolates (n= 54) with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime or cefotaxime (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes were analyzed. PCR and sequencing were used to detect mutations in ESBL-encoding genes and the regulatory region of the chromosomal geneampC. Conjugation experiments and plasmid identification were conducted to examine the transferability of resistance to ESCs. All isolates carried theblaCTX-M-1-group β-lactamase genes in addition to one or more of the following β-lactamase genes:blaTEM,blaSHV-3,blaCMY-2,blaCTX-M-14-like, andblaOXA-1.DifferentblaTEMsequence variants were detected in some isolates (n= 40). Three isolates harbored ablaTEM-181gene with a novel mutation resulting in an Ala184Val substitution. Approximately 78% of the isolates had mutations in promoter/attenuator regions of the chromosomal geneampC, one of which was a novel insertion of adenine between bases −28 and −29. Plasmids ranging in size from 11 to 233 kbp were detected in the isolates, with a common plasmid size of 93 kbp identified in 60% of isolates. Plasmid-mediated transfer of β-lactamase genes increased the MICs (≥16-fold) of ESCs for transconjugants. Replicon typing among isolates revealed the predominance of IncI and IncFIA plasmids, followed by IncFIB plasmids. This study shows the emergence of conjugative plasmid-borne ESBLs amongE. colistrains from companion animals in the United States, which may compromise the effective therapeutic use of ESCs in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins and Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Escherichia Coli Isolates from Black-headed Gulls (Larus Ridibundus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Dalibor Todorović ◽  
Katarina Novović ◽  
Branko Jovčić ◽  
Gospava Lazić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Group D ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Replicon Type ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Game Animals

Abstract Although resistance to fluoroquinolones is common in E. coli isolates from farm and game animals in Serbia, currently no data are accessible on the occurrence of antibacterial resistances in E. coli isolates from gulls. Therefore, 45 cloacal swabs and 50 fecal samples from black-headed gulls were investigated for the presence of Escherichia coli isolates resistant to antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 22 E. coli isolates. High level resistance to fluoroquinolones was found in ten isolates with MIC values of ciprofloxacin ranging from 4 to 32 mg/L. Genotyping revealed single or double mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA or gyrA, parC and parE genes, respectively. Ten isolates showed resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics. These ten isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (five isolates), group D (four isolates) and group B1 (one isolate). An extended-spectrum β-lactamase resistance phenotype was detected in one isolate which carried the blaCTX-M-1 gene on a plasmid of the I2/FIB replicon type. Nine isolates carried blaCMY-2 genes, which were detected on conjugative plasmids in seven isolates. One transconjugant also carried hly, iroN, iss, ompT and cvaC virulence genes on the plasmid. Five different sequence types (ST38, ST2307, ST224, ST162 and ST34) were detected in E. coli isolates with ESBL or AmpC phenotype and genotype.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Sampling Reveals Persistence of and Genetic Diversity in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli From Norwegian Broiler Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Sølverød Mo ◽  
Madelaine Norström ◽  
Jannice Schau Slettemeås ◽  
Anne Margrete Urdahl ◽  
Amar Anandrao Telke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling ◽  
Sequence Types

There are knowledge gaps concerning dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Escherichia coli and their plasmids in broiler production and the persistence of strains on broiler farms. Thus, we aimed at characterising ESC-resistant Escherichia coli collected from all flocks reared on 10 different farms during a six-months sampling period. All isolates (n = 43) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and a subset of isolates (n = 7) were also sequenced using oxford nanopore technology and subsequent hybrid assembly in order to do in-depth characterisation of the ESC resistance plasmids. The 43 isolates belonged to 11 different sequence types, and three different ESC resistance gene/plasmid combinations were present, namely, IncK2/blaCMY-2 (n = 29), IncI1/blaCMY-2 (n = 6) and IncI1/blaCTX-M-1 (n = 8). ESC-resistant E. coli of different STs and with different ESC resistance gene/plasmid combinations could be present on the same farm, while a single ST and ESC resistance gene/plasmid displaying zero or few SNP differences were present on other farms. In-depth characterisation of IncK2/blaCMY-2 plasmids revealed that at least two distinct variants circulate in the broiler production. These plasmids showed close homology to previously published plasmids from other countries. Our longitudinal study show that ESC-resistant E. coli belong to a multitude of different STs and that different ESC resistance genes and plasmids occur. However, there is also indication of persistence of both ESC-resistant E. coli strains and IncK2/blaCMY-2 plasmids on farms. Further studies are warranted to determine the dynamics of strains, plasmids and ESC resistance genes within single broiler flocks.

Intrathecal Administration of Amikacin for Treatment of Meningitis Secondary to Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia Coli

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 870-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Preston ◽  
Laurie L. Briceland
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM) secondary to cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli that was treated with intrathecal and intravenous amikacin and intravenous imipenem/cilastatin (I/C). CASE SUMMARY: A patient who had undergone two recent neurosurgical procedures developed GNBM and bacteremia. He was treated empirically with ceftazidime. Both bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid isolates were identified as E. coli, resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, tobramycin, and gentamicin. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous and intrathecal amikacin plus intravenous I/C He experienced subjective and objective improvement on days 2–4 of antimicrobial therapy; two generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred on days 7 and 12. Intrathecal amikacin was discontinued after 6 days, and intravenous amikacin and I/C were discontinued after 23 and 27 days, respectively. The patient's mental status did not completely return to premeningitis baseline. DISCUSSION: Third-generation cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for GNBM. In the case reported herein, bacterial resistance to these agents prompted the use of a therapy that has not been well studied and is also considered to be less safe and perhaps less efficacious. Treatment of GNBM with an intrathecally administered aminoglycoside or with intravenous I/C plus an aminoglycoside is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GNBM secondary to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant organisms may require therapies that may be less effective and more toxic. Further study of alternative agents is warranted.

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