Antimicrobial Selection for the Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and the Efficacy of Penicillin Treatment Protocols in Large Estonian Dairy Herds

Clinical mastitis (CM) is the most common microbial disease treated in dairy cows. We analyzed the antimicrobial usage in cows with CM (n = 11,420) in large dairy herds (n = 43) in Estonia. CM treatment data were collected during a 12-month study period. The antimicrobial usage was observed during the 21 days from the initiation of treatment, and the incidence of antimicrobial-treated CM was calculated for each study herd. The effect of intramammary (IMM), systemic, and combined (systemic and IMM) penicillin treatment of CM on the post-treatment somatic cell count (SCC) was analyzed using the treatment records of 2222 cows from 24 herds with a mixed multivariable linear regression model. The median incidence of antimicrobial-treated CM was 35.8 per 100 cow-years. Procaine benzylpenicillin and marbofloxacin were used in 6103 (35.5%, 95% CI 34.8–36.2) and 2839 (16.5%, 95% CI 16.0–17.1) CM treatments, respectively. Post-treatment SCC was higher after IMM penicillin therapy compared to systemic or combination therapy. Treatment of CM usually included first-choice antimicrobials, but different antimicrobial combinations were also widely used. The effect of procaine benzylpenicillin to post-treatment SCC was dependent on the administration route, cow parity, and days in milk. Further studies should evaluate the factors affecting veterinarians’ choice of antimicrobial used in the treatment of CM.

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Economic comparison of common treatment protocols and J5 vaccination for clinical mastitis in dairy herds using optimized culling decisions

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2015-10385 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 3838-3847 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J.A. Kessels ◽

E. Cha ◽

S.K. Johnson ◽

F.L. Welcome ◽

A.R. Kristensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Economic Comparison

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Evaluation of udder health parameters and risk factors for clinical mastitis in Dutch dairy herds in the context of a restricted antimicrobial usage policy

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2015-10398 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 2930-2939 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

I.M.G.A. Santman-Berends ◽

J.M. Swinkels ◽

T.J.G.M. Lam ◽

J. Keurentjes ◽

G. van Schaik

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Udder Health ◽

Antimicrobial Usage ◽

Health Parameters

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A quantitative evaluation of some factors affecting the non-fatty solids of cow's milk

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900010086 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 19-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W. H. Alexander ◽

F. B. Leech

Keyword(s):

Cell Count ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

High Cell ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Satisfactory Analysis ◽

The Difference ◽

Image Position

SummaryTen farms in the county of Durham took part in a field study of the effects of feeding and of udder disease on the level of non-fatty solids (s.n.f.) in milk. Statistical analysis of the resulting data showed that age, pregnancy, season of the year, and total cell count affected the percentage of s.n.f. and that these effects were additive and independent of each other. No effect associated with nutritional changes could be demonstrated.The principal effects of the factors, each one freed from effects of other factors, were as follows:Herds in which s.n.f. had been consistently low over a period of years were compared with herds in which s.n.f. had been satisfactory. Analysis of the data showed that about 70% of the difference in s.n.f. between these groups could be accounted for by differences in age of cow, stage of lactation, cell count and breed.There was some evidence of a residual effect following clinical mastitis that could not be accounted for by residual high cell counts.The within-cow regression of s.n.f. on log cell count calculated from the Durham data and from van Rensburg's data was on both occasions negative.The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly in relation to advisory work.

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Comparison of Ketosis, Clinical Mastitis, Somatic Cell Count, and Reproductive Performance between Free Stall and Tie Stall Barns in Norwegian Dairy Herds with Automatic Feeding

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/bf03548498 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 181-192

Author(s):

J. P. Valde ◽

D. W. Hird ◽

M. C. Thurmond ◽

O. Østerås

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Norwegian Dairy

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Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Cow Milk of Subclinical and Clinical Cases of Mastitis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽

Krzysztof Skowron ◽

Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽

Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽

Jarosław Bystroń ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Cow Milk ◽

P Value ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

E Coli ◽

Bonferroni Test

Mastitis is a major economic problem in dairy herds, as it might decrease fertility, and negatively affect milk quality and milk yield. Out of over 150 bacterial species responsible for the udder inflammation, Escherichia coli is one of the most notable. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to dipping agents and biofilm formation of 150 E. coli strains isolated from milk of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The strains came from three dairy herds located in Northern and Central Poland. The statistical analyses were performed with post-hoc Bonferroni test and chi-square test (including Yates correction). The data with a p value of <0.05 were considered significant. We found that the tested strains were mostly sensitive to antimicrobials and dipping agents. It was shown that 37.33% and 4.67% of strains were resistant and moderately resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, respectively. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected. The majority of strains did not possess the ability to form biofilm or formed a weak biofilm. The strong biofilm formers were found only among strains derived from cows with subclinical mastitis. The lowest bacteria number was noted for subclinical mastitis cows’ strains, after stabilization with iodine (3.77 log CFU × cm−2) and chlorhexidine (3.96 log CFU × cm−2) treatment. In the present study, no statistically significant differences in susceptibility to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm were found among the strains isolated from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Despite this, infections in dairy herds should be monitored. Limiting the spread of bacteria and characterizing the most common etiological factors would allow proper treatment.

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Anastrozole shows greater carryover effects compared with tamoxifen and resolution of fracture risk post-treatment – data from ATAC at 100 months' median follow-up

European Journal of Cancer Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70579-2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Sainsburv

Keyword(s):

Fracture Risk ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Carryover Effects ◽

Treatment Data

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Description of on-farm treatment compliance and risk factors for culling in sows

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-021-00238-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Magnus R. Campler ◽

Jeremiah L. Cox ◽

Heather L. Walker ◽

Andréia G. Arruda

Keyword(s):

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Drug Dosage ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sow Longevity ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

On Farm

Abstract Background In commercial pig farming, sick or injured sows are often treated by producers or hired staff. To date, limited quantitative data exists on treatment compliance and the possible effect on sow longevity post-treatment. The objective of the study was to quantify on-farm compliance of treatment selection, frequency, and dosage, as well as to investigate the association between body condition scores (BCS) and other sow-level factors on post-treatment cull risk. Results On-farm treatment records, including culling reason or reason of death up to 6 months post-treatment, production records and sow characteristics were obtained for 134 sows over an 8-week period. Treatment compliance was based on the accuracy of recorded treatments compared to the herd veterinarian’s established treatment guidelines. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models including treatment reason, treatment compliance, BCS, parity, production stage and production metrics, were constructed to investigate associations between those variables and sow culling or death. This study found low compliance for on-farm sow treatment protocols, with only 22.4% (30/134) of the sows receiving correct and complete treatment during the duration of the study. No effect of individual treatment components (drug, dosage, or frequency) on sow culling was observed. A trend for an interaction between treatment compliance and BCS was found, and parity and number of piglets born alive were identified as predictors for sow maintenance in the herd. Conclusions On-farm sow treatment compliance was low, resulting in that approximately 80% of the enrolled sows were not treated according to existing guidelines. Non-compliance of treatment guidelines did not seem to affect the risk of culling in treated sows but may have prolonged any associated pain, recovery time and negatively impacted the sow welfare during that time period.

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Stereoacuity after Successful Occlusion Therapy in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society ◽

10.3341/jkos.2021.62.11.1539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 1539-1546

Author(s):

Sang Wook Lee ◽

Eun Hye Jung

Keyword(s):

Patient Characteristics ◽

Visual Development ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Normal Children ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

The Mean

Purpose: To compare the stereoacuity between patients with anisometropic amblyopia who were treated and achieved normal visual acuity (VA) and normal children and evaluate the factors associated with stereoacuity.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 pediatric patients with anisometropic amblyopia who recovered to normal VA with glasses and occlusion treatment (amblyopia group) and 34 normal children (control group). The Worth 4-dot test, Lang II test, Titmus test, and TNO test were performed to measure stereoacuity. Clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups, and factors affecting stereoacuity outcomes were also analyzed in the amblyopic group.Results: The mean age at diagnosis of amblyopia was 5.3 ± 1.4 years, and the mean VAs at diagnosis were 0.41 ± 0.24 and 0.06 ± 0.07 in amblyopic and fellow eyes, respectively. The mean duration of occlusion was 19.00 ± 9.44 months, and VA of amblyopic eyes improved to 0.04 ± 0.04 after occlusion treatment. The patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups, except for the final VA of the amblyopic eye. The final mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution VA of the amblyopic eye in the amblyopia group was significantly worse than that in the control group. The number of patients with normal stereoacuity was significantly lower in the amblyopia group than in the control group on Lang II, Titmus, and TNO tests. Factors associated with poor stereoacuity were severe amblyopia in the Lang II test and poor post-treatment VA of the amblyopic eye in the Titmus test.Conclusions: Stereoacuity was worse in the amblyopia group than in the control group, despite normal visual development. The depth of amblyopia and post-treatment VA were associated with stereoacuity outcomes. Thus, VA improvement should be closely monitored in the amblyopic eye to obtain good stereoacuity.

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