scholarly journals The Ascidian-Derived Metabolites with Antimicrobial Properties

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Casertano ◽  
Marialuisa Menna ◽  
Concetta Imperatore
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitat ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Among the sub-phylum of Tunicate, ascidians represent the most abundant class of marine invertebrates, with 3000 species by heterogeneous habitat, that is, from shallow water to deep sea, already reported. The chemistry of these sessile filter-feeding organisms is an attractive reservoir of varied and peculiar bioactive compounds. Most secondary metabolites isolated from ascidians stand out for their potential as putative therapeutic agents in the treatment of several illnesses like microbial infections. In this review, we present and discuss the antibacterial activity shown by the main groups of ascidian-derived products, such as sulfur-containing compounds, meroterpenes, alkaloids, peptides, furanones, and their derivatives. Moreover, the direct evidence of a symbiotic association between marine ascidians and microorganisms shed light on the real producers of many extremely potent marine natural compounds. Hence, we also report the antibacterial potential, joined to antifungal and antiviral activity, of metabolites isolated from ascidian-associate microorganisms by culture-dependent methods.

scholarly journals Microbial Efflux Systems and Inhibitors: Approaches to Drug Discovery and the Challenge of Clinical Implementation

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kourtesi ◽  
Anthony R Ball ◽  
Ying-Ying Huang ◽  
Sanjay M Jachak ◽  
D Mariano A Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Shed Light

Conventional antimicrobials are increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The need to overcome these deficiencies has triggered exploration for novel and unconventional approaches to controlling microbial infections. Multidrug efflux systems (MES) have been a profound obstacle in the successful deployment of antimicrobials. The discovery of small molecule efflux system blockers has been an active and rapidly expanding research discipline. A major theme in this platform involves efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) from natural sources. The discovery methodologies and the available number of natural EPI-chemotypes are increasing. Advances in our understanding of microbial physiology have shed light on a series of pathways and phenotypes where the role of efflux systems is pivotal. Complementing existing antimicrobial discovery platforms such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) with efflux inhibition is a subject under investigation. This core information is a stepping stone in the challenge of highlighting an effective drug development path for EPIs since the puzzle of clinical implementation remains unsolved. This review summarizes advances in the path of EPI discovery, discusses potential avenues of EPI implementation and development, and underlines the need for highly informative and comprehensive translational approaches.

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate): A Potential Anti-microbial Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Doostkam ◽  
Kamyar Iravani ◽  
Shahindokht Bassiri-Jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Animal Trial ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Punica Granatum L

: Polyphenols have received high attention due to their biological functions. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a rich source of polyphenols such as tannin, ellagitannin, flavonoids and other phenolic acids. The potential therapeutic uses of pomegranate appear to be wide diversity. Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties, with potential health interests. : This review has been performed on a method of systematic narrative review on the antimicrobial potency of different parts of pomegranate. A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar from 1986 to 2018 to obtain related studies. The aim of this review present an overview of the aspect and advantages of Punica granatum L. and summarize the present data on the pomegranate anti-microbial activity in in-vitro and in-vivo tests, animal trial systems and human clinical trials. Also, this review discussed the pomegranate extracts activities and their future application. : The findings of this review support that the pomegranate might be possible to use in the control and potential therapeutics of some microbial infections. This review highlights the new researches on the anti-microbial activities of pomegranate.

scholarly journals Chitosan/Glycosaminoglycan Scaffolds: The Role of Silver Nanoparticles to Control Microbial Infections in Wound Healing

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Sandri ◽  
Dalila Miele ◽  
Angela Faccendini ◽  
Maria Cristina Bonferoni ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Traumatic Wound ◽  
Scaffold Degradation

Cutaneous wounds represent a major issue in medical care, with approximately 300 million chronic and 100 million traumatic wound patients worldwide, and microbial infections slow the healing process. The aim of this work was to develop electrospun scaffolds loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance cutaneous healing, preventing wound infections. AgNPs were directly added to polymeric blends based on chitosan (CH) and pullulan (PUL) with hyaluronic acid (HA) or chondroitin sulfate (CS) to be electrospun obtaining nanofibrous scaffolds. Moreover, a scaffold based on CH and PUL and loaded with AgNPs was prepared as a comparison. The scaffolds were characterized by chemico–physical properties, enzymatic degradation, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. All the scaffolds were based on nanofibers (diameters about 500 nm) and the presence of AgNPs was evidenced by TEM and did not modify their morphology. The scaffold degradation was proven by means of lysozyme. Moreover, the AgNPs loaded scaffolds were characterized by a good propensity to promote fibroblast proliferation, avoiding the toxic effect of silver. Furthermore, scaffolds preserved AgNP antimicrobial properties, although silver was entrapped into nanofibers. Chitosan/chondroitin sulfate scaffold loaded with AgNPs demonstrated promotion of fibroblast proliferation and to possess antimicrobial properties, thus representing an interesting tool for the treatment of chronic wounds.

scholarly journals Cinnamomum verum (True Cinnamon) Leaf Essential Oil as an Effective Therapeutic Alternative against Oral and Non-oral Biofilm Infections: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Gayan Kanchana Wijesinghe ◽  
Thaís Rossini de Oliveira ◽  
Flavia Camila Maia ◽  
Simone Busato de Feiria ◽  
Felipe Joia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Biofilm Structure

Medicinal plants play a major role as an alternative therapeutic agents for various disease conditions including cardiac and hepatic diseases, microbial infections and non-communicable disease such as diabetes mellitus. With the excessive use of synthetic antimicrobial drugs, micro-organisms become more virulent and resistant to available antimicrobial therapeutic agents. Further majority (around 60%-80%) of human microbial infections are biofilm associated infections and various resistance mechanisms of biofilms make it more difficult to eradicate or treat biofilm infections using available antimicrobial therapeutics. Further, biofilm structure acts as a physical barrier and prevent penetration of antimicrobial agents towards the biofilm core. Currently, scientists pay their attention to invent novel effective antimicrobial agents with less side effects for these biofilm infections. Phytochemicals have identified as a potential alternative antimicrobial strategy in biofilm control and eradication. Cinnamomum verum is a native Sri Lankan medicinal plant that has been widely used as a culinary spice, exhibits many medicinal benefits especially activity against microbial infectious diseases. Essential oils extracted from leaf and bark of C. verum have been used as a safe and effective antimicrobial agents against various infections for centuries. This review analyses the available scientific literature evidences on appositeness of true cinnamon leaf essential oil as an alternative antimicrobial strategy to control microbial biofilm infections with medical importance.

Structure and Biological Activities of Glycosaminoglycan Analogs from Marine Invertebrates: New Therapeutic Agents?

2011 ◽  
pp. 159-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliene O. Kozlowski ◽  
Angélica M. Gomes ◽  
Christiane Sobral Silva ◽  
Mariana Sá Pereira ◽  
Ana Cristina E. S. de Vilela Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Agents

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES BEARING HYDRAZONE MOIETY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jayanta Sarma ◽  
Gurvinder Singh ◽  
Mukta Gupta ◽  
Reena Gupta ◽  
Bhupinder Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: The synthesis of novel benzimidazole-hydrazone derivatives has been carried out based on the previous findings that both these pharmacophores possess potent antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial properties of synthesized derivatives were screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Methods: O-phenylenediamine on condensation with substituted aromatic acids in polyphosphoric acid gave benzimidazole nucleus which on reaction with ethyl chloroacetate and hydrazine hydrate in two different steps resulted in the formation of substituted acetohydrazides. The targeted compounds 6a-l were synthesized by reaction of substituted acetohydrazides with aromatic aldehydes and screened for their antibacterial potential by cup-plate method.Results: The synthesized benzimidazole-hydrazones exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compounds 6a-6f were found to be most effective against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Among all the synthesized compounds, the zone of inhibition of 6f in highest concentration, i.e., 100 μg/ml were found to be >31 mm against all the stains of bacteria.Conclusion: The antibacterial results revealed that the synthetized derivatives have significant antimicrobial properties and further structure activity relationship studies may develop more potent and less toxic molecules.

scholarly journals Novel Trypanosomatid-Bacterium Association: Evolution of Endosymbiosis in Action

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Y. Kostygov ◽  
Eva Dobáková ◽  
Anastasiia Grybchuk-Ieremenko ◽  
Dalibor Váhala ◽  
Dmitri A. Maslov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Transient Stage ◽  
Bacterial Symbiosis ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Unique Relationship ◽  
Unstable Interaction

ABSTRACT We describe a novel symbiotic association between a kinetoplastid protist, Novymonas esmeraldas gen. nov., sp. nov., and an intracytoplasmic bacterium, “ Candidatus Pandoraea novymonadis” sp. nov., discovered as a result of a broad-scale survey of insect trypanosomatid biodiversity in Ecuador. We characterize this association by describing the morphology of both organisms, as well as their interactions, and by establishing their phylogenetic affinities. Importantly, neither partner is closely related to other known organisms previously implicated in eukaryote-bacterial symbiosis. This symbiotic association seems to be relatively recent, as the host does not exert a stringent control over the number of bacteria harbored in its cytoplasm. We argue that this unique relationship may represent a suitable model for studying the initial stages of establishment of endosymbiosis between a single-cellular eukaryote and a prokaryote. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Novymonas could be considered a proxy for the insect-only ancestor of the dixenous genus Leishmania and shed light on the origin of the two-host life cycle within the subfamily Leishmaniinae. IMPORTANCE The parasitic trypanosomatid protist Novymonas esmeraldas gen. nov., sp. nov. entered into endosymbiosis with the bacterium “ Ca. Pandoraea novymonadis” sp. nov. This novel and rather unstable interaction shows several signs of relatively recent establishment, qualifying it as a potentially unique transient stage in the increasingly complex range of eukaryotic-prokaryotic relationships.

Antibacterial potential of nanocomposite-based materials – a short review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Karwowska
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Medical Materials ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

AbstractNanotechnology allows for the development of new types of materials containing antimicrobial properties. Nanocomposite-based products are increasingly applied in medicine, industry and everyday life. Antibacterial features allow the use of nanoproducts in filters for water and air purification, textiles, food packages, medical materials and devices, ceramics, glass, plastics, paints, cosmetics and personal care products. Numerous studies concern the synthesis of novel antimicrobial nanoproducts as well as modification of already existing nanomaterials in order to supply them with antibacterial activity. However, some problems related to the potential emission of nanocomponents into the environment can appear and should be considered.

scholarly journals pHEMA: An Overview for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6376
Author(s):  
Mina Zare ◽  
Ashkan Bigham ◽  
Mohamad Zare ◽  
Hongrong Luo ◽  
Erfan Rezvani Ghomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Art Research

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) as a biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility and cytocompatibility elicits a minimal immunological response from host tissue making it desirable for different biomedical applications. This article seeks to provide an in-depth overview of the properties and biomedical applications of pHEMA for bone tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer therapy (stimuli and non-stimuli responsive systems), and ophthalmic applications (contact lenses and ocular drug delivery). As this polymer has been widely applied in ophthalmic applications, a specific consideration has been devoted to this field. Pure pHEMA does not possess antimicrobial properties and the site where the biomedical device is employed may be susceptible to microbial infections. Therefore, antimicrobial strategies such as the use of silver nanoparticles, antibiotics, and antimicrobial agents can be utilized to protect against infections. Therefore, the antimicrobial strategies besides the drug delivery applications of pHEMA were covered. With continuous research and advancement in science and technology, the outlook of pHEMA is promising as it will most certainly be utilized in more biomedical applications in the near future. The aim of this review was to bring together state-of-the-art research on pHEMA and their applications.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Human Fetal Membranes: From Biological Function to Clinical Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taja Železnik Ramuta ◽  
Tina Šket ◽  
Marjanca Starčič Erjavec ◽  
Mateja Erdani Kreft
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Chorionic Membrane

The fetal membranes provide a supportive environment for the growing embryo and later fetus. Due to their versatile properties, the use of fetal membranes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is increasing in recent years. Moreover, as microbial infections present a crucial complication in various treatments, their antimicrobial properties are gaining more attention. The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are secreted by cells from various perinatal derivatives, including human amnio-chorionic membrane (hACM), human amniotic membrane (hAM), and human chorionic membrane (hCM). By exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activities and immunomodulatory activities, they contribute to ensuring a healthy pregnancy and preventing complications. Several research groups investigated the antimicrobial properties of hACM, hAM, and hCM and their derivatives. These studies advanced basic knowledge of antimicrobial properties of perinatal derivatives and also provided an important insight into the potential of utilizing their antimicrobial properties in a clinical setting. After surveying the studies presenting assays on antimicrobial activity of hACM, hAM, and hCM, we identified several considerations to be taken into account when planning future studies and eventual translation of fetal membranes and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents from bench to bedside. Namely, (1) the standardization of hACM, hAM, and hCM preparation to guarantee rigorous antimicrobial activity, (2) standardization of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to enable comparison of results between various studies, (3) investigation of the antimicrobial properties of fetal membranes and their derivatives in the in vivo setting, and (4) designation of donor criteria that enable the optimal donor selection. By taking these considerations into account, future studies will provide crucial information that will enable reaching the optimal treatment outcomes using the fetal membranes and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents.

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