scholarly journals Short-Term Lincomycin Exposure Depletion of Murine Microbiota Affects Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Intestinal Morphology and Immunity

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Shunfen Zhang ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Bao Yi ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Depletion Effect ◽  
Tnf Α

Lincomycin, as one of the most commonly used antibiotics, may cause intestinal injury, enteritis and other side effects, but it remains unknown whether these effects are associated with microbial changes and the effects of different doses of lincomycin on infants. Here, 21-day old mice were exposed to 1 and 5 g/L lincomycin to explore the effects of lincomycin on the gut microbiota, metabolites and inflammation. Compared to the control mice, 1 g/L lincomycin exposure decreased the body weight gain of mice (p < 0.05). Both 1 and 5 g/L lincomycin exposure reduced the diversity and microbial composition of mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 1 and 5 g/L lincomycin reduced the relative concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the colon chyme of mice (p < 0.05). In addition, 5 g/L lincomycin exposure reduced the villus height, crypt depth, and relative expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, IL-18, TNF-α, and p65 in the jejunum of mice (p < 0.05), while 1 g/L lincomycin exposure reduced the relative expression of TLR2, TLR3, TNF-α, and p65 (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results highlight the depletion effect of short-term lincomycin exposure on microbiota and the further regulatory effect on intestinal morphology and immunosuppression in infant mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on Caecal Microbial Composition in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
YUTING YANG ◽  
XING LI ◽  
ZHENHUI CAO ◽  
YINGING QIAO ◽  
QIUYE LIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Environmental Information Processing

Short-term or acute temperature stress affect the immune responses and alters the gut microbiota of broilers, but the influences of long-term temperature stress on stress biomarkers and the intestinal microbiota remains largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of three long-term ambient temperatures (high (HC), medium (MC), and low (LC) temperature groups) on the gene expression of broilers’ heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammation – related genes, as well as the caecal microbial composition. The results revealed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in HC group significantly increased, and levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFKB1 in LC group were significantly higher than in MC group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the MC group, the proportion of Firmicutes increased in HC and LC groups, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased in LC group at phylum level (p < 0.05). At genus level, the proportion of Escherichia/Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides, and Enterococcus increased in HC group; the fraction of Faecalibacterium was higher in LC group; and the percentage of Barnesiella and Alistipes decreased in both HC and LC groups (p < 0.05). Functional analysis based on communities’ phylogenetic investigation revealed that the pathways involved in environmental information processing and metabolism were enriched in the HC group. Those involved in cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, and gene regulation were enriched in LC group. Hence, we conclude that the long-term temperature stress can greatly alter the intestinal microbial communities in broilers and may further affect the host’s immunity and health.

scholarly journals Effects of treatment with three antibiotics, vancomycin, neomycin, and AVNM on gut microbiome in C57BL/6 mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratikshya Ray ◽  
Subhayan Chakraborty ◽  
Arindam Ghosh ◽  
Palok Aich
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Cocktail ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Bacteroidetes Phylum ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment

AbstractHigher organisms, especially mammals, harbor diverse microbiota in the gut that plays a major role in maintaining health and physiological homeostasis. Perturbation of gut flora helps identifying their roles. Antibiotics are potent perturbing agents of microbiome. Select antibiotics like vancomycin, neomycin, and AVNM (an antibiotic cocktail containing ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin, and metronidazole) were used to perturb the gut microbiota of C57BL/6 male mice to understand their roles in host immunity and metabolism. The current study revealed that the resulting gut microbial composition was different, and diversity (at the phylum and genus level) was reduced differentially following each antibiotic treatment. Vancomycin treatment caused a significant increase in Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria phyla. The treatment with neomycin yielded an increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum, while the treatment with AVNM led to an increase in Proteobacteria phylum with lowest diversity of microbiome in the gut. The current results also revealed that the different antibiotics treatment caused variation in the cecal index, expression of immune genes (TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ) in the colon, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) level in the blood of mice. A strong correlation was observed for antibiotic-induced differential dysbiosis patterns of gut microbiota and the altered immune and SCFA profile of the host. The outcome of the present study could be clinically important.

scholarly journals Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics on the Bodyweight, Blood Glucose, Triglyceride and TNF-α of Diet-induced Obesity Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Lenny Octavia ◽  
Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo ◽  
Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract  High-fat diet leads to obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bonded to G protein-coupled receptors (GPR)-41 and GPR-43 decreased triglyceride deposits in adipocytes and liver, decreased fatty acid oxidation, increased glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity thus reduced the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study conducted in order to evaluate the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the body weight, blood glucose, triglyceride, and TNF-α used rats model, which were fed by a high-fat diet. Thirty-eight 6-8 weeks old male rats were fed by high-fat diet for three weeks, then rats were randomly divided into four groups, high-fat diet (HFD), a high fat diet with prebiotics supplementation (HFD+ PRE), a high fat diet with probiotics supplementation (HFD+PRO), and high-fat diet with synbiotics supplementation (HFD+SYN) for three weeks. Blood samples and body weight were measured at the third and sixth week. There was no effect of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on body weight, triglyceride levels, blood glucose, and TNF-α in rats fed a high-fat diet compared to control. These results suggested that supplementations gave inconsistent results with other studies and needed further researches.Keywords             : high fat diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, meta-inflammationCorrespondence   : [email protected]

scholarly journals A High Salt Diet Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in a Salt-Sensitive Hypertension Rat Model

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Bier ◽  
Tzipi Braun ◽  
Rawan Khasbab ◽  
Ayelet Di Segni ◽  
Ehud Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet

Emerging data indicate a correlation between gut microbial composition and cardiovascular disease including hypertension. The host’s diet greatly affects microbial composition and metabolite production. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of microbial fermentation, which can be utilized by the host. It has been suggested that SCFAs play a pivotal role as mediators in a microbiome host: microbial interactions occur in health and disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high salt diet (HSD) on microbial variation and to determine whether this effect is accompanied by an alteration in fecal SCFAs. To this end, Dahl salt-sensitive rats were divided into two groups (n = 10 each): (A) Control: fed regular chow; and (B) Fed HSD. High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used for microbiome characterizing. Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure the levels of SCFAs: acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid in fecal samples. Differences in microbial composition were noted between groups. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) principal coordinate 1 (PC1) primarily separated controls from the HSD. Four taxa displayed significant differences between HSD and controls. Taxa from the Erwinia genus, the Christensenellaceae and Corynebacteriaceae families, displayed an increased abundance in HSD versus control. In contrast, taxa from the Anaerostipes genus displayed a decreased abundance in HSD. We were able to identify seven unique taxa that were significantly associated with blood pressure. There was a significant difference in fecal acetic acid, as well as propionic and isobutyric acid, but not in the butyric acid composition between groups. Adding salt to a diet impacts the gut’s microbial composition, which may alter fecal SCFA production.

Amino Acids Regulate Glycolipid Metabolism and Alter Intestinal Microbial Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xie ◽  
Zhengqun Liu ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Glycolipid Metabolism ◽  
Branched Chain

Amino acids (AAs) and their metabolites regulate key metabolic pathways that are necessary for growth, reproduction, immunity and metabolism of the body. It has been convinced that metabolic diseases are closely related to disorders of glycolipid metabolism. A growing number of studies have shown that AAs are closely related to energy metabolism. This review focuses on the effects of amino acids (arginine, branched-chain amino acids, glutamine) and their metabolites (short chain fatty acids) on glycolipid metabolism by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and GPCRs receptors, reducing intestinal Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio associated with obesity.

Influence of growth hormone deficiency on growth and body composition in rats: site-specific effects upon adipose tissue development

1993 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Flint ◽  
M. J. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Fat Depots

ABSTRACT Neonatal female rats were treated for 3 weeks (short term) or 8 weeks (long term) with antiserum to rat GH (anti-rGH) with or without replacement therapy with recombinant bovine GH (bGH). Body weight gain and tail length were significantly suppressed within the first 3 weeks and were even more markedly suppressed when treatment was continued for 8 weeks. When treatment was stopped in short-termtreated animals the rate of body weight gain recovered, although without evidence of catch-up growth. These effects were all normalized by concurrent treatment with bGH. Long-term anti-rGH treatment caused a profound reduction (80%) in the number of differentiated adipocytes in two internal fat depots, whilst the subcutaneous depot was only moderately affected (20%). In contrast, after recovery from short-term treatment with anti-rGH, the internal depots were only marginally decreased in both weight and adipocyte numbers, whereas the subcutaneous depot was actually doubled in size compared with controls, due entirely to an increase in the number of differentiated adipocytes. These data clearly demonstrate for the first time that GH is required for the differentiation of adipocytes in vivo. In addition, the results demonstrate distinct effects at different anatomical sites and suggest that GH may be one factor responsible for the differences described in numerous metabolic parameters and hormonal sensitivities of adipose tissue derived from different locations within the body. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 137, 203–211

scholarly journals A Hyperlipidic Diet Combined with Short-Term Ovariectomy Increases Adiposity and Hyperleptinemia and Decreases Cytokine Content in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Inacio Pinto Neto ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Sousa Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Claudia Losinskas Hachul ◽  
Mayara Franzoi Moreno ◽  
Valter Tadeu Boldarine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Hyperlipidic Diet

Four-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed a control diet (C) or a hyperlipidic diet (H) for 4 weeks. Rats from each group underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery (SHAM). They received C or H for the next four weeks. The body weight gain (BW), food efficiency (FE), and carcass lipid content were higher in the OVX H than in the SHAM H. The OVX H exhibited a higher serum leptin level than other groups. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 content of mesenteric (MES) adipose tissue was lower in the OVX H than in the OVX C. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 content of retroperitoneal (RET) adipose tissue was lower in the SHAM H than in the SHAM C. The SHAM H showed decreased TG relative to the SHAM C. Similar results were obtained in relation to IL-6Rα, TNFR1, TLR-4, and MyD88 contents in the MES and RET white adipose tissue among the groups. A hyperlipidic diet for 8 weeks combined with short-term ovariectomy decreases the cytokine content of MES adipose tissues but increases BW, enhancing FE and elevating serum leptin levels. These suggest that the absence of estrogens promotes metabolic changes that may contribute to installation of a proinflammatory process induced by a hyperlipidic diet.

scholarly journals Effect of an Antibacterial Polysaccharide Produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882 on the Gut Microbia of Mice

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Xincheng Sun ◽  
Zichao Wang ◽  
Xuyang Hu ◽  
Chengxin Zhao ◽  
Xiaogen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Promising Application

Previously, a polysaccharide produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882 was found to have antibacterial activity, but its toxic effects on body health and gut microbiota were concealed. Recent results showed that this polysaccharide was safe to Caco-2 cells and mice, while it reduced the body weight gain of mice from 10.5 ± 1.21 g to 8.4 ± 1.17 g after 28 days administration. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acids concentrations increased from 23.85 ± 1.37 μmol/g, 10.23 ± 0.78 μmol/g, 7.15 ± 0.35 μmol/g and 41.23 ± 0.86 μmol/g to 42.77 ± 1.29 μmol/g, 20.03 ± 1.44 μmol/g, 12.06 ± 0.51 μmol/g and 74.86 ± 2.07 μmol/g, respectively. Furthermore, this polysaccharide enriched the abundance of gut microbiota and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was increased from 0.5172 to 0.7238. Overall, this study provides good guidance for the promising application of polysaccharides as preservatives in foods and in other fields in the future.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

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