scholarly journals Fate of β-Carotene within Loaded Delivery Systems in Food: State of Knowledge

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Kumar Maurya ◽  
Amita Shakya ◽  
Manjeet Aggarwal ◽  
Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Unique Composition ◽  
Targeted Release ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

Nanotechnology has opened new opportunities for delivering bioactive agents. Their physiochemical characteristics, i.e., small size, high surface area, unique composition, biocompatibility and biodegradability, make these nanomaterials an attractive tool for β-carotene delivery. Delivering β-carotene through nanoparticles does not only improve its bioavailability/bioaccumulation in target tissues, but also lessens its sensitivity against environmental factors during processing. Regardless of these benefits, nanocarriers have some limitations, such as variations in sensory quality, modification of the food matrix, increasing costs, as well as limited consumer acceptance and regulatory challenges. This research area has rapidly evolved, with a plethora of innovative nanoengineered materials now being in use, including micelles, nano/microemulsions, liposomes, niosomes, solidlipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipids and nanostructured carriers. These nanodelivery systems make conventional delivery systems appear archaic and promise better solubilization, protection during processing, improved shelf-life, higher bioavailability as well as controlled and targeted release. This review provides information on the state of knowledge on β-carotene nanodelivery systems adopted for developing functional foods, depicting their classifications, compositions, preparation methods, challenges, release and absorption of β-carotene in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and possible risks and future prospects.

scholarly journals Fate of β-Carotene within Loaded Delivery Systems in Food: State of Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Maurya ◽  
Amita Shakya ◽  
Manjeet Aggarwal ◽  
K.M. Gothandam ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Unique Composition ◽  
Β Carotene

Accruing evidence on the influence of β-carotene regarding the prevention of several chronic diseases - in addition to its well-acknowledged role in vision has been a strong driver for developing alternative delivery systems. Though oral delivery is accepted as the most fitting, mild and safe path for delivering bioactive agents, β-carotene delivery via food items poses challenges due to its lipophilic nature, poor water-solubility, high chemical/photochemical instability and poor oral bioavailability. Nanotechnology has opened new windows for delivering bioactive agents. Their physiochemical characteristics, i.e. small size, high surface area, unique composition, biocompatibility and biodegradability make these nanomaterials an attractive tool for β-carotene delivery. Delivering β-carotene through nanoparticles does not only improve its bioavailability/bioaccumulation in target tissues, but also lessens its sensitivity against environmental factors during processing. Regardless of these benefits, nanocarriers inherit some limitations, such as variations in sensory quality, modification of the food matrix, increasing costs, as well as limited consumer acceptance and regulatory challenges. This research area has been rapidly evolved, with a plethora of innovative nano-engineered materials, including micelles, nano/microemulsion, liposomes, niosomes, solid-lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. These nano-delivery systems make conventional delivery systems appear archaic and promise better solubilization, protection during processing, improved shelf-life, higher bioavailability as well as controlled and targeted release. This review provides information on the state of knowledge on β-carotene nano-delivery systems adopted for developing functional foods: depicting their classification, composition, preparation methods, challenges, release-and absorption of β-carotene in the GIT and possible risks and future prospects.

Smart Gn-Keto Nanohybrid Embedded Topical System for Effective Management of Dermatophytosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Shashikiran Misra
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Enhanced Solubility ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Background and Objectives: Dermatophytosis (topical fungal infection) is the 4th common disease in the last decade, affecting 20-25% world’s population. Patients of AIDS, cancer, old age senescence, diabetes, cystic fibrosis become more vulnerable to dermatophytosis. The conventional topical dosage proves effective as prophylactic in preliminary stage. In the advanced stage, the therapeutics interacts with healthy tissues before reaching the pathogen site, showing undesirable effects, thus resulting in pitiable patient compliance. The youngest carbon nano-trope “Graphene” is recently used to manipulate bioactive agents for therapeutic purposes. Here, we explore graphene via smart engineering by virtue of high surface area and high payload for therapeutics and developed graphene–ketoconazole nanohybrid (Gn-keto) for potent efficacy towards dermatophytes in a controlled manner. </P><P> Methods: Polymethacrylate derivative Eudragit (ERL100 and ERS 100) microspheres embedded with keto and Gn-keto nanohybrid were formulated and characterized through FTIR, TGA, and SEM. In vitro drug release and antifungal activity of formulated Gn-keto microspheres were assessed for controlled release and better efficacy against selected dermatophytes. </P><P> Results: Presence of numerous pores within the surface of ERL100 microspheres advocated enhanced solubility and diffusion at the site of action. Controlled diffusion across the dialysis membrane was observed with ERS100 microspheres owing to the nonporous surface and poor permeability. Antifungal activity against T. rubrum and M. canis using microdilution method focused on a preeminent activity (99.785 % growth inhibition) of developed nanohybrid loaded microspheres as compared to 80.876% of keto loaded microspheres for T. rubrum. The culture of M. canis was found to be less susceptible to formulated microspheres. Conclusion: Synergistic antifungal activity was achieved by nanohybrid Gn-Keto loaded microspheres against selected topical fungal infections suggesting a vital role of graphene towards fungi.

Clay-based Formulations for Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-soluble Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong H.L. Tran ◽  
Thao T.D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Bioavailability Enhancement ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble

: Clays have been used in various health care products, including drug delivery systems. Advanced formulations have been investigated to take full advantage of clays or clay-based materials. The remarkable properties of clays, such as high adsorption, high surface area, and high ion exchange capacities, provide an ideal system for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. There is currently limited information on the classification and discussion of clay-based formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs. This review aims to describe efficient delivery systems that use clay as the main excipient in formulations. More details about the strategies of using clays in formulations as well as fabrication methods will be discussed. Moreover, combinations with other excipients in hybrid formulations will also be mentioned in evaluating the efficacy of these systems. The highlighted recent studies on clay-based formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs could provide fundamental approaches and prospects to apply them in drug development.

scholarly journals ZIF-8 Metal Organic Framework for the Conversion of Glucose to Fructose and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Oozeerally ◽  
Shivendra D. K. Ramkhelawan ◽  
David L. Burnett ◽  
Christiaan H. L. Tempelman ◽  
Volkan Degirmenci
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural

Herein, Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is considered as an easy and cheap to prepare alternative catalyst for the isomerization of glucose and production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). For the synthesis of the ZIF-8 catalysts two preparation methods were evaluated, being room temperature and hydrothermal synthesis at 140 °C. Of these, the hydrothermal synthesis method yields a material with exceptionally high surface area (1967 m2·g−1). As a catalyst, the ZIF-8 materials generated excellent fructose yields. Specifically, ZIF-8 prepared by hydrothermal synthesis yielded a fructose selectivity of 65% with a glucose conversion of 24% at 100 °C in aqueous reaction medium. However, this selectivity dropped dramatically when the reactions were repeated at higher temperatures (~140 °C). Interestingly, greater quantities of mannose were produced at higher temperatures too. The lack of strong Brønsted acidity in both ZIF-8 materials resulted in poor HMF yields. In order to improve HMF yields, reactions were performed at a lower pH of 1.0. At 140 °C the lower pH was found to drive the reaction towards HMF and double its yield. Despite the excellent performance of ZIF-8 catalysts in batch reactions, their activity did not translate well to the flow reactor over a continuous run of 8 h, which was operating with a residence time of 6 min. The activity of ZIF-8 halved in the flow reactor at 100 °C in ~3 h, which implies that the catalyst’s stability was not maintained in the long run.

scholarly journals Preparation and properties of nanoparticles by chemical reactions with assistance of physics factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Hai Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Phu Dang Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Quoc Tran ◽  
Luong Hoang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Iron Platinum ◽  
Ultra Fast Cooling ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Versatile chemical reactions with the help of physical factors such as microwaves, sonic radiations, laser, elevated temperature and pressure have successfully been used to prepared silicon (high surface area), iron oxide (in amorphous and crystalline state), silver, gold, iron-platinum, cobalt-platinum nanoparticles. The microwaves fostered the chemical reactions via homogeneous and fast heating processes; the sonic radiations from an ultrasonicator created ultra-fast cooling rates at high power or just played a role of mechanical waves at low power; laser provided energy nanoparticles from bulk plates; elevated temperature and pressure produced good environments for unique reactions. All those preparation methods are simple and inexpensive but they could produce nanoparticles with interesting properties.

scholarly journals Folic Acid/Methotrexate Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoflakes from Different Supports: Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6465
Author(s):  
Martyna Trukawka ◽  
Krzysztof Cendrowski ◽  
Wojciech Konicki ◽  
Ewa Mijowska
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Herein, we present a facile synthesis route for the mesoporous silica nanoflakes on two types of templates and evaluate their potential as potential drug delivery systems. Silica materials are attractive due to their biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, high surface area, and tunable pores. In addition, they can be multifunctionalized. These properties were used to create multifunctional drug delivery systems combining folic acid as a target molecule and methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug. The silica nanoflakes were formed using graphene oxide and double-layered hydroxide as templates, respectively. After the removal of matrices, the silica flakes were functionalized by folic acid and loaded with methotrexate. The differences in drug release performance and structural stability were analyzed with respect to the detailed physicochemical characterization of the produced silica nanoflakes.

scholarly journals Electrospinning Nanotechnology-A Robust Method for Preparation of Nanofibers for Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Application.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Bhadarge Meghana ◽  
Dhas Umesh ◽  
Shirode Abhay ◽  
Kadam Vilasrao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application

Nanotechnology has evolved as a preferred choice in current research arena due to the advantages offered by it. The current research in pharmaceutical development is all about exploring and/or adopting different approaches for preparation of nanostructured drug delivery systems. Electrospinning nanotechnology has made its mark as a technology of choice for preparation of nanofibers for different applications. Electrospinning is a novel, robust and efficient fabrication process that is widely accepted and used to assemble nanofibers with distinct features such as length of several kilometers and diameter less than 300 nm. One of the most striking features of nanofibers is that they provide exceptionally high surface area-to-volume ratio and high porosity, making them a robust and attractive candidate for many advanced applications. Many researchers working on development of medicinal and pharmaceutical product design and development have reported their studies indicating successful implementation of electrospinning nanotechnology for preparation of nanofibers with distinct medicinal and pharmaceutical drug delivery applications. Authors of this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of electrospinning method for preparation of nanofibers with respect to theoretical principle, mechanics of electrospinning, critical process parameters, polymers and drug loaded nanofibers incorporated in different drug delivery systems for various pharmaceutical application.  

scholarly journals Compositing Two-Dimensional Materials with TiO2 for Photocatalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ren ◽  
Yuze Dong ◽  
Yaqing Feng ◽  
Jialiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
2D Material ◽  
Carrier Recombination ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Energy shortage and environmental pollution problems boost in recent years. Photocatalytic technology is one of the most effective ways to produce clean energy—hydrogen and degrade pollutants under moderate conditions and thus attracts considerable attentions. TiO2 is considered one of the best photocatalysts because of its well-behaved photo-corrosion resistance and catalytic activity. However, the traditional TiO2 photocatalyst suffers from limitations of ineffective use of sunlight and rapid carrier recombination rate, which severely suppress its applications in photocatalysis. Surface modification and hybridization of TiO2 has been developed as an effective method to improve its photocatalysis activity. Due to superior physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, suitable bandgap, structural stability and high charge mobility, two-dimensional (2D) material is an ideal modifier composited with TiO2 to achieve enhanced photocatalysis process. In this review, we summarized the preparation methods of 2D material/TiO2 hybrid and drilled down into the role of 2D materials in photocatalysis activities.

scholarly journals Cyclodextrin-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks (CD-MOFs) in Pharmaceutics and Biomedicine

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyao Han ◽  
Weicong Liu ◽  
Jianjing Huang ◽  
Shuowen Qiu ◽  
Huarui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Metal Organic

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show promising application in biomedicine and pharmaceutics owing to their extraordinarily high surface area, tunable pore size, and adjustable internal surface properties. However, MOFs are prepared from non-renewable or toxic materials, which limit their real-world applications. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a typical natural and biodegradable cyclic oligosaccharide and are primarily used to enhance the aqueous solubility, safety, and bioavailability of drugs by virtue of its low toxicity and highly flexible structure, offering a peculiar ability to form CD/drug inclusions. A sophisticated strategy where CD is deployed as a ligand to form an assembly of cyclodextrin-based MOFs (CD-MOFs) may overcome real-world application drawbacks of MOFs. CD-MOFs incorporate the porous features of MOFs and the encapsulation capability of CD for drug molecules, leading to outstanding properties when compared with traditional hybrid materials. This review focuses on the inclusion technology and drug delivery properties associated with CD-MOFs. In addition, synthetic strategies and currently developed uses of CD-MOFs are highlighted as well. Also, perspectives and future challenges in this rapidly developing research area are discussed.

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