Salivary Oxidative Stress Markers’ Relation to Oral Diseases in Children and Adolescents

(1) Background: Current evidence suggests that salivary markers of oxidative stress are indicative of clinical disease indices such as the papillary bleeding index (PBI) and the caries index (CI). The aim of this study was to assess the relation of oxidative stress markers with oral dental caries and periodontal problems in a pediatric population. (2) Methods: In this case-control study, unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 3–18 years (n = 177); 14 individuals were excluded. Study subjects were divided into those with caries (CI = 2, n = 78) and those who were caries-free (n = 85). These groups were then divided into another subset consisting of children (mean age 7.3 years, n = 121) and adolescents (mean age 16.1 years, n = 42). The PBI was determined in all groups. We then assessed salivary levels of oxidative stress markers. (3) Results: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level increased in patients with more gingival bleeding (p < 0.05) in the study group aged 3–18 years. In addition, TAC showed a significant decrease in samples with caries when compared to the caries-free group in adolescents (p = 0.008). (4) Conclusions: TAC levels may be a marker of both gingival bleeding and dental caries in young adult populations. We hope that in the near future, prophylaxis, control, follow up and even possible therapeutic use of oxidative stress markers in a chairside way will become possible as antioxidants have been shown to be effective against oral diseases.

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Blood Contamination in Saliva: Impact on the Measurement of Salivary Oxidative Stress Markers

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2015/479251 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Natália Kamodyová ◽

Lenka Baňasová ◽

Katarína Janšáková ◽

Ivana Koborová ◽

Ľubomíra Tóthová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Hygiene ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Blood Contamination ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

The Impact

Salivary oxidative stress markers represent a promising tool for monitoring of oral diseases. Saliva can often be contaminated by blood, especially in patients with periodontitis. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of blood contamination on the measurement of salivary oxidative stress markers. Saliva samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers and were artificially contaminated with blood (final concentration 0.001–10%). Next, saliva was collected from 12 gingivitis and 10 control patients before and after dental hygiene treatment. Markers of oxidative stress were measured in all collected saliva samples. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and antioxidant status were changed in 1% blood-contaminated saliva. Salivary AOPP were increased in control and patients after dental treatment (by 45.7% and 34.1%,p<0.01). Salivary AGEs were decreased in patients after microinjury (by 69.3%,p<0.001). Salivary antioxidant status markers were decreased in both control and patients after dental treatment (p<0.05andp<0.01). One % blood contamination biased concentrations of salivary oxidative stress markers. Saliva samples with 1% blood contamination are visibly discolored and can be excluded from analyses without any specific biochemic detection of blood constituents. Salivary markers of oxidative stress were significantly altered in blood-contaminated saliva in control and patients with gingivitis after dental hygiene treatment.

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Correlation between the Activity of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Saliva of Diabetic Patients

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866526666191002115121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

Hina Younus ◽

Sumbul Ahmad ◽

Md. Fazle Alam

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽

Early Stage ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: Reactive aldehydes are involved in diseases associated with oxidative stress, including diabetes. Human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH) presumably protects us from many toxic ingredient/contaminant aldehydes present in food. Objective: This study aimed to probe the activity of hsALDH in patients with diabetes and than to correlate it with various oxidative stress markers in the saliva. Methods: The saliva samples were collected from total 161 diabetic patients from Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), AMU, Aligarh, (India). HsALDH activity and markers of oxidative stress [8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)] were measured in the saliva samples. Results: Patients with early stage of diabetes had higher activity of hsALDH when compared with the control group. As the history of diabetes increases, the activity of the enzyme decreases and also higher oxidative stress markers (8-OHDG, MDA and AGEs) are detected in the saliva samples. Negative significant correlation between hsALDH activity and oxidative stress markers were observed (p <0.0001). Conclusion: The activity of hsALDH increases in early stages of diabetes most probably to counter the increased oxidative stress associated with diabetes. However, in later stages of diabetes, the activity of the enzyme decreases, possibly due to its inactivation resulting from glycation.

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Singular and short-term anesthesia exposure in the developing brain induces persistent neuronal changes consistent with chronic neurodegenerative disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85125-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kaley Hogarth ◽

Ramesh Babu Vanama ◽

Greg Stratmann ◽

Jason T. Maynes

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Western Blot ◽

Early Life ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Developing Brain ◽

Unfolded Protein ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

End Effectors ◽

Protein Response

AbstractThe potential adverse impact of inhalational anesthetics on the developing brain was highlighted by the addition of a medication warning by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for their use in the pediatric population. To investigate mechanisms by which early life anesthesia exposure could induce long-term neuronal dysfunction, we exposed rats to 1 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane at 7 days of life. The animals were raised normally until adulthood (P300) prior to sacrifice and analysis of cortical tissue structure (TEM), mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis pathways (Western blot, ELISA, ADP/ATP content), and markers of oxidative stress, proteotoxicity and inflammation (Western blot, ELISA). We found that early life anesthesia exposure led to adverse changes in mitochondrial quality maintenance pathways, autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Although there was an escalation of oxidative stress markers and an increase in the nuclear localization of stress-related transcription factors, cellular redox compensatory responses were blunted, and oxidative phosphorylation was reduced. We found upregulation of mitochondrial stress and proteotoxicity markers, but a significant reduction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response end-effectors, contributing to an increase in inflammation. Contrary to acute exposure, we did not find an increase in apoptosis. Our findings suggest that a limited, early exposure to anesthesia may produce lasting cellular dysfunction through the induction of a sustained energy deficient state, resulting in persistent neuroinflammation and altered proteostasis/toxicity, mimicking aspects of chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

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Effects of Resistance Training and Bowdichia virgilioides Hydroethanolic Extract on Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Submitted to Peripheral Nerve Injury

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9100941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 941

Author(s):

Luana Santos Costa ◽

Felipe J. Aidar ◽

Dihogo Gama de Matos ◽

José Uilien de Oliveira ◽

Jymmys Lopes dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Injury ◽

Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract ◽

The Brain

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the combination of resistance training (RT) and the hydroethanolic extract (EHE) of Bowdichia virgilioides as markers of oxidative stress (OS) in rats with peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Rats were allocated into six groups (n = 10): animals without interventions (C), animals with an exposed nerve but without injury, injured animals, trained and injured animals, injured animals that received EHE, and animals that received a combination of RT and EHE. RT comprised the climbing of stairs. EHE was orally administered (200 mg/kg) for 21 days after PNI induction. RT reduced the amount of lipoperoxidation in plasma (14.11%). EHE reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (20.72%) and the brain (41.36). RT associated with the extract simultaneously reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (34.23%), muscle (25.13%), and brain (43.98%). There was an increase in total sulhydrilyl levels (a) in the brain (33.33%) via RT; (b) in the brain (44.44%) and muscle (44.51%) using EHE; and (c) in the plasma (54.02%), brain (54.25%), and muscle using the combination of RT + EHE. These results suggest that RT associated with oral EHE results in a decrease in OS.

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Oxidative Stress Markers in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10080601 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka ◽

Radosław Kempiński ◽

Mariusz A. Bromke ◽

Katarzyna Neubauer

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Progression Marker ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Precise diagnostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still missing. We conducted a comprehensive overview of oxidative stress markers (OSMs) as potential diagnostic, differential, progression, and prognostic markers in IBD. A Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus search of original articles on OSMs in IBD, published between January 2000 and April 2020, was conducted. Out of 874 articles, 79 eligible studies were identified and used to prepare the interpretative synthesis. Antioxidants followed by lipid peroxidation markers were the most popular and markers of oxidative DNA damage the least popular. There was a disparity in the number of retrieved papers evaluating biomarkers in the adult and pediatric population (n = 6). Of the reviewed OSMs, a promising performance has been reported for serum total antioxidant status as a mucosal healing marker, mucosal 8-OHdG as a progression marker, and for multi-analyte panels of lipid peroxidation products assessed non-invasively in breath as diagnostic and differential markers in the pediatric population. Bilirubin, in turn, was the only validated marker. There is a desperate need for non-invasive biomarkers in IBD which, however, will not be met in the near future by oxidative stress markers as they are promising but mostly at the early research phase of discovery.

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Increased Trimethylamine N-Oxide Is Not Associated with Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Aged Women

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/6247169 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert Antoni Olek ◽

Joanna Jolanta Samulak ◽

Angelika Katarzyna Sawicka ◽

Dace Hartmane ◽

Solveiga Grinberga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Carnitine Supplementation ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

White Blood Cell Counts

Increased plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). L-carnitine induces TMAO elevation in human blood, and thus, it has been suggested as developing atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between selected markers of oxidative stress and plasma TMAO concentration induced by L-carnitine supplementation for 24 weeks in healthy aged women. Twenty aged women were supplemented during 24 weeks with either 1500 mg L-carnitine-L-tartrate (n=11) or isonitrogenous placebo (n=9) per day. Fasting blood samples were taken from antecubital vein. L-carnitine supplementation induced an increase in TMAO, but not in γ-butyrobetaine (GBB). Moreover, there were no significant changes in serum ox-LDL, myeloperoxidase, protein carbonyls, homocysteine, and uric acid concentrations due to supplementation. Significant reduction in white blood cell counts has been observed following 24-week supplementation, but not attributable to L-carnitine. Our results in healthy aged women indicated no relation between TMAO and any determined marker of oxidative stress over the period of 24 weeks. At the same time, plasma GBB levels were not affected by L-carnitine supplementation. Further clinical studies of plasma GBB level as a prognostic marker are needed.

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Analysis of Multiple Mycotoxins in the Qatari Population and Their Relation to Markers of Oxidative Stress

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13040267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Belqes Al-Jaal ◽

Aishah Latiff ◽

Sofia Salama ◽

Huda Mohamed Hussain ◽

Noora Abdulaziz Al-Thani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Roquefortine C

Mycotoxins are naturally occurring food toxins worldwide that can cause serious health effects. The measurement of mycotoxin biomarkers in biological fluids is needed to assess individual's’ exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of mycotoxins in the Qatari population. Serum samples from 412 adults and urinary samples from 559 adults were analyzed for the presence of mycotoxin biomarkers. Multimycotoxin approaches have been applied, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Samples were further analyzed for the oxidative stress markers and compared with regard to the incidence of mycotoxins. The presence of mycotoxins was identified in 37% of serum samples and in less than 20% of urine samples. It was found that 88% of positive of the samples were positive for only one mycotoxin, while 12% of positive samples had two or more mycotoxins. Trichothecenes and zearalenone metabolites were most commonly detected mycotoxins, followed by aflatoxins, roquefortine C and mycophenolic acid. The presence of mycotoxins was found to positively correlate with oxidative stress markers. The obtained results illustrate the importance of mycotoxin biomonitoring studies in humans and the need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mycotoxin-induced toxicity.

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