scholarly journals Anthocyanins in Colorectal Cancer Prevention Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Ni Shi ◽  
Xiaoxin Chen ◽  
Tong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a big health burden worldwide. Nutrition and dietary factors are known to affect colorectal cancer development and prognosis. The protective roles of diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been previously reported to contain high levels of cancer-fighting phytochemicals. Anthocyanins are the most abundant flavonoid compounds that are responsible for the bright colors of most blue, purple, and red fruits and vegetables, and have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancer and other chronic diseases. Berries and grapes are the most common anthocyanin-rich fruits with antitumor effects. The antitumor effects of anthocyanins are determined by their structures and bioavailability as well as how they are metabolized. In this review, we aimed to discuss the preventive as well as therapeutic potentials of anthocyanins in CRC. We summarized the antitumor effects of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of action. We also discussed the potential pharmaceutical application of anthocyanins in practice.

scholarly journals Flavonoids and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Grace Chen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Colon Tumorigenesis ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Prevention ◽  
Related Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, but despite advances in treatment, it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Prevention may, therefore, be a key strategy in reducing colorectal cancer deaths. Given reports of an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption with colorectal cancer risk, there has been significant interest in understanding the metabolism and bioactivity of flavonoids, which are highly abundant in fruits and vegetables and account for their pigmentation. In this review, we discuss host and microbiota-mediated metabolism of flavonoids and the potential mechanisms by which flavonoids can exert protective effects against colon tumorigenesis, including regulation of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation and modulation of the gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2244-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chapelle ◽  
Myriam Martel ◽  
Esther Toes-Zoutendijk ◽  
Alan N Barkun ◽  
Marc Bardou
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies in Western countries. Its development is a multistep process that spans more than 15 years, thereby providing an opportunity for prevention and early detection. The high incidence and mortality rates emphasise the need for prevention and screening. Many countries have therefore introduced CRC screening programmes. It is expected, and preliminary evidence in some countries suggests, that this screening effort will decrease CRC-related mortality rates. CRC prevention involves a healthy lifestyle and chemoprevention—more specifically, oral chemoprevention that can interfere with progression from a normal colonic mucosa to adenocarcinoma. This preventive effect is important for individuals with a genetic predisposition, but also in the general population. The ideal chemopreventive agent, or combination of agents, remains unknown, especially when considering safety during long-term use. This review evaluates the evidence across 80 meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies of CRC prevention using medications, vitamins, supplements and dietary factors. This review suggests that the following factors are associated with a decreased incidence of CRC: aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, magnesium, folate, a high consumption of fruits and vegetables, fibre and dairy products. An increased incidence of CRC was observed with frequent alcohol or meat consumption. No evidence of a protective effect for tea, coffee, garlic, fish and soy products was found. The level of evidence is moderate for aspirin, β-carotene and selenium, but is low or very low for all other exposures or interventions.

Fluorouracil in colorectal cancer--a tale of two drugs: implications for biochemical modulation.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Sobrero ◽  
C Aschele ◽  
J R Bertino
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Biochemical Modulation ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Clinical Literature

PURPOSE To determine if fluorouracil (FUra) has different mechanisms of action as a function of the dose schedule used. DESIGN The preclinical and clinical literature relating toxicity and antitumor effects of FUra as a function of its dose schedule, with and without modulating agents, was reviewed. RESULTS The data support the hypothesis that FUra may be considered to be two different drugs, depending on its dose schedule (bolus v continuous infusion [CI]). CONCLUSION These results suggest that additional therapeutic benefit may be obtained from FUra regimens by (1) appropriate schedule-dependent modulation, (2) the sequential or alternating use of cycles of bolus followed by cycles of CI FUra appropriately modulated, or (3) hybrid regimens, ie, those that contain both pulse and CI schedules.

scholarly journals Micronutrients and cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Protective Effects

Adverse dietary factors account for approximately 30% of all cancers. Overconsumption of energy is undoubtedly one of the major risk factors, but dietary composition is also very important. In particular, a low consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to double the risk of carcinomas of the lung and alimentary tract. Epidemiological studies suggest that high plasma levels of Se, carotenoids and ascorbic acid are protective against cancer. However, intervention studies with antioxidant nutrients have given mixed results, and it has not been established that the benefits of a high intake of fruits and vegetables are invariably related to the prevention of oxidative DNA damage. Folic acid supplementation appears to protect against colo-rectal neoplasia, probably by preventing mutations associated with the repair of uracil mis-incorporation. However, there are indications from animal studies that exposure to high levels of folic acid at certain stages of development may lead to epigenetic effects that are, as yet, poorly understood. There seems little doubt that micronutrients contribute to the protective effects of plant foods against cancers of the lung and alimentary tract, but it has not been established that these benefits can be achieved using supplements.

The interplay between dietary factors, gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: a new era of colorectal cancer prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
Poshita Kumari Seesaha ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Xiaofeng Wu ◽  
Hongxia Xu ◽  
Changxian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
New Era ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and its incidence is on the rise. Dietary intervention has emerged as an attractive strategy to curtail its occurrence and progression. Diet is known to influence the gut microbiome, as dietary factors and gut bacteria can act in concert to cause or protect from colorectal cancer. Several studies have presented evidence for such interactions and have pointed out the different ways by which the diet and gut microbiome can be altered to produce beneficial effects. This review article aims to summarize the interrelationship between diet, gut flora and colorectal cancer so that a better preventive approach can be applied.

scholarly journals Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Filippo Vernia ◽  
Salvatore Longo ◽  
Gianpiero Stefanelli ◽  
Angelo Viscido ◽  
Giovanni Latella
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Carcinogenic Agents ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The development of colorectal cancer, responsible for 9% of cancer-related deaths, is favored by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The modification of diet and lifestyle may modify the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevent neoplasia in up to 50% of cases. The Western diet, characterized by a high intake of fat, red meat and processed meat has emerged as an important contributor. Conversely, a high intake of dietary fiber partially counteracts the unfavorable effects of meat through multiple mechanisms, including reduced intestinal transit time and dilution of carcinogenic compounds. Providing antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) and leading to increased intraluminal production of protective fermentation products, like butyrate, represent other beneficial and useful effects of a fiber-rich diet. Protective effects on the risk of developing colorectal cancer have been also advocated for some specific micronutrients like vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. Diet-induced modifications of the gut microbiota modulate colonic epithelial cell homeostasis and carcinogenesis. This can have, under different conditions, opposite effects on the risk of CRC, through the production of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents or, conversely, of protective compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on the role of diet as a potential risk factor for the development of colorectal malignancies, as well as providing possible prevention dietary strategies.

Increased serum MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in colorectal cancer development

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hritz ◽  
Z Varga ◽  
M Juhász ◽  
P Miheller ◽  
Z Tulassay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Development

Laminin 521 Modulates the Сytotoxic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on Colorectal Cancer HT29 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
A. Turchinovich ◽  
I.M. Tsypina ◽  
V.G. Zgoda ◽  
S.V. Nikulin ◽  
D.V. Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ht29 Cell ◽  
Β1 Integrin ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Apoptotic Gene ◽  
Ht29 Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ht29 Cell Line

The cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and regorafenib (RF)-drugs with different mechanisms of action used to treat colorectal cancer-on the HT29 cell line when cultured on plastic and laminin 521 (LM-521) has been studied. It was shown for the first time that LM-521 can increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to 5FU. Based on the analysis of the transcriptome and proteome, a possible mechanism of the observed effect of LM-521 on HT29 cell viability was proposed. The interaction of β1-containing integrins on the cell surface with LM-521 can activate the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, promote phosphorylation of the YAP transcription coactivator and its binding to a complex with the 14-3-3σ protein. The formation of such complex leads to the YAP retention in the cytoplasm, prevents its transport to the nucleus and the activation of anti-apoptotic gene transcription. apoptosis, β1 integrin, colorectal cancer, laminin 521 (laminin-11), regorafenib, 5-fluorouracil, HT29, ITGB1, LAMA5, YAP, SFN, 14-3-3σ The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 17-14-01338).

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer - Current Concepts, Future Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Tomasz Mackiewicz ◽  
Aleksander Sowa ◽  
Jakub Fichna
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Sporadic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Histological Testing ◽  
Made In

: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remains a critical complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) with mortality of approximately 15%, which makes early CAC diagnosis crucial. The current standard of surveillance, with repetitive colonoscopies and histological testing of biopsied mucosa samples is burdensome and expensive, and therefore less invasive methods and reliable biomarkers are needed. Significant progress has been made thanks to continuous extensive research in this field, however no clinically relevant biomarker has been established so far. This review of the current literature presents the genetic and molecular differences between CAC and sporadic colorectal cancer and covers progress made in the early detection of CAC carcinogenesis. It focuses on biomarkers under development, which can be easily tested in samples of body fluids or breath and, once made clinically available, will help to differentiate between progressors (UC patients who will develop dysplasia) from non-progressors and enable early intervention to decrease the risk of cancer development.

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