scholarly journals Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Premranjan Kumar ◽  
Ob Osahon ◽  
David B. Vides ◽  
Nicola Hanania ◽  
Charles G. Minard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Oxidant Damage ◽  
Protective Strategies ◽  
Glutathione Deficiency ◽  
Health Deterioration

Humanity is battling a respiratory pandemic pneumonia named COVID-19 which has resulted in millions of hospitalizations and deaths. COVID-19 exacerbations occur in waves that continually challenge healthcare systems globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand all mechanisms by which COVID-19 results in health deterioration to facilitate the development of protective strategies. Oxidative stress (OxS) is a harmful condition caused by excess reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and is normally neutralized by antioxidants among which Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant. GSH deficiency results in amplified OxS due to compromised antioxidant defenses. Because little is known about GSH or OxS in COVID-19 infection, we measured GSH, TBARS (a marker of OxS) and F2-isoprostane (marker of oxidant damage) concentrations in 60 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients of all age groups had severe GSH deficiency, increased OxS and elevated oxidant damage which worsened with advancing age. These defects were also present in younger age groups, where they do not normally occur. Because GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine) supplementation has been shown in clinical trials to rapidly improve GSH deficiency, OxS and oxidant damage, GlyNAC supplementation has implications for combating these defects in COVID-19 infected patients and warrants urgent investigation.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Renal and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amelia Charlton ◽  
Jessica Garzarella ◽  
Karin A. M. Jandeleit-Dahm ◽  
Jay C. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Emerging Therapies

Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered major drivers in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including renal and cardiovascular disease. A symbiotic relationship also appears to exist between oxidative stress and inflammation. Several emerging therapies target these crucial pathways, to alleviate the burden of the aforementioned diseases. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, a pathological state which not only leads to direct cellular damage but also an inflammatory cascade that further perpetuates tissue injury. Emerging therapeutic strategies tackle these pathways in a variety of ways, from increasing antioxidant defenses (antioxidants and Nrf2 activators) to reducing ROS production (NADPH oxidase inhibitors and XO inhibitors) or inhibiting the associated inflammatory pathways (NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, lipoxins, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and AT-1 receptor antagonists). This review summarizes the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to and perpetuate diabetes associated renal and cardiovascular disease along with the therapeutic strategies which target these pathways to provide reno and cardiovascular protection in the setting of diabetes.

scholarly journals Roles of Superoxide dismutase(SOD) , Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-prostaglandinF2α ( 8-iso-PGF2α)as oxidative stress in development and progression of Brest cancer in Iraqi females patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ferdous Abbas Jabir ◽  
Ahmed Sabah Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Mean

               Oxidative stress occurs as a result of disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses. Markers of oxidative stress were measured the markers of oxidative stress in breast cancer patients after diagnosis of breast cancer and compared these plasma blood levels controls This study was conducted to three markers of oxidative stress ;these are (SOD) enzyme ,malondialdehyde (MDA)and8-iso-prostaglandinF2α plasma of patients with breast cancer and compare with controls .In this study ;  the mean MDA (ng/ml) levels for the breast cancer patients and the controls were55.91±3.31 and40.61±3.76  respectively, while the SOD (pg/ml) levels were1530.37±80.4 and1851.4 9±93.65  respectively and the 8-iso-PGF2α (ng/ml ) levels were 40.16±3.31 and 30.16±2.34  difference of the mean were statistically significant (p value <0.05).                                                                                                                       

Exploring the Potentials of Antioxidants in Retarding Ageing

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Kesheri ◽  
Swarna Kanchan ◽  
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Living Organisms

In retrospect to the rise in the occurrence of ageing related disorders and the everlasting desire to overcome ageing, exploring the causes, mechanisms and therapies to curb ageing becomes relevant. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are commonly generated during normal growth and development. However abiotic and biotic stresses enhance the level of ROS which in turn pose the threat of oxidative stress. Ability to perceive ROS and to speedily commence antioxidant defenses is crucial for the survival as well as longevity of living cells. Therefore living organisms are bestowed with antioxidants to combat the damages caused by oxidative stress. This chapter aims to elucidate an overview of the process of ageing, generation and enhancement of reactive oxygen species, damages incurred by oxidative stress, its amelioration strategies, therapeutic and biotechnological potentials of antioxidants and various sources of bioactive compounds significant in retardation of aging process.

Therapeutic strategies to protect the immature newborn myocardium during resuscitation following asphyxia

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richdeep S. Gill ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Pelletier ◽  
Joseph LaBossiere ◽  
David L. Bigam ◽  
Po-Yin Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Strategies

Perinatal asphyxia contributes to over one million newborn deaths worldwide annually, and may progress to multiorgan failure. Cardiac dysfunction, of varying severity, is seen in 50%–70% of asphyxiated newborns. Resuscitation is necessary to restore oxygenation to deprived tissues, including the heart. However, reoxygenation of asphyxiated newborns may lead to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further myocardial damage, termed reperfusion injury. The newborn heart is especially vulnerable to oxidative stress and reperfusion injury due to immature antioxidant defense mechanisms and increased vulnerability to apoptosis. Currently, newborn myocardial protective strategies are aimed at reducing the generation of ROS through controlled reoxygenation, boosting antioxidant defenses, and attenuating cellular injury via mitochondrial stabilization.

Overproduction of NOX-derived ROS in AML promotes proliferation and is associated with defective oxidative stress signaling

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (19) ◽  
pp. 3322-3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Hole ◽  
Joanna Zabkiewicz ◽  
Chinmay Munje ◽  
Zarabeth Newton ◽  
Lorna Pearn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Key Points ◽  
P38mapk Signaling

Key Points More than 60% of primary AML blasts constitutively produce high levels of NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), which drives AML proliferation. High ROS AMLs show depleted antioxidant defenses but evade the oxidative stress response through suppression of p38MAPK signaling.

scholarly journals Reproductive Benefit of Oxidative Damage: An Oxidative Stress “Malevolence”?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Poljsak ◽  
I. Milisav ◽  
T. Lampe ◽  
I. Ostan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Evolutionary Scenario ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oxidative Processes

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to antioxidant defenses are considered to play a major role in diverse chronic age-related diseases and aging. Here we present an attempt to synthesize information about proximate oxidative processes in aging (relevant to free radical or oxidative damage hypotheses of aging) with an evolutionary scenario (credited here to Dawkins hypotheses) involving tradeoffs between the costs and benefits of oxidative stress to reproducing organisms. Oxidative stress may be considered a biological imperfection; therefore, the Dawkins' theory of imperfect adaptation of beings to environment was applied to the role of oxidative stress in processes like famine and infectious diseases and their consequences at the molecular level such as mutations and cell signaling. Arguments are presented that oxidative damage is not necessarily an evolutionary mistake but may be beneficial for reproduction; this may prevail over its harmfulness to health and longevity in evolution. Thus, Dawkins' principle of biological “malevolence” may be an additional biological paradigm for explaining the consequences of oxidative stress.

Exploring the Potentials of Antioxidants in Retarding Ageing

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-259
Author(s):  
Minu Kesheri ◽  
Swarna Kanchan ◽  
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Living Organisms

In retrospect to the rise in the occurrence of ageing related disorders and the everlasting desire to overcome ageing, exploring the causes, mechanisms and therapies to curb ageing becomes relevant. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are commonly generated during normal growth and development. However abiotic and biotic stresses enhance the level of ROS which in turn pose the threat of oxidative stress. Ability to perceive ROS and to speedily commence antioxidant defenses is crucial for the survival as well as longevity of living cells. Therefore living organisms are bestowed with antioxidants to combat the damages caused by oxidative stress. This chapter aims to elucidate an overview of the process of ageing, generation and enhancement of reactive oxygen species, damages incurred by oxidative stress, its amelioration strategies, therapeutic and biotechnological potentials of antioxidants and various sources of bioactive compounds significant in retardation of aging process.

The Roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Senescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliabbas Zia ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Mutation ◽  
Tissue Aging

: The aging process deteriorates organs' function at different levels, causing its progressive decline to resist stress, damage, and disease. In addition to alterations in metabolic control and gene expression, the rate of aging has been connected with the generation of high amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The essential perspective in free radical biology is that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are toxic, mostly cause direct biological damage to targets, and are thus a major cause of oxidative stress. Different enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds in the cells have roles in neutralizing this toxicity. Oxidative damage in aging is mostly high in particular molecular targets, such as mitochondrial DNA and aconitase, and oxidative stress in mitochondria can cause tissue aging across intrinsic apoptosis. Mitochondria's function and morphology are impaired through aging, following a decrease in the membrane potential by an increase in peroxide generation and size of the organelles. Telomeres may be the significant trigger of replicative senescence. Oxidative stress accelerates telomere loss, whereas antioxidants slow it down. Oxidative stress is a crucial modulator of telomere shortening, and that telomere-driven replicative senescence is mainly a stress response. The age-linked mitochondrial DNA mutation and protein dysfunction aggregate in some organs like the brain and skeletal muscle, thus contributing considerably to these post-mitotic tissues' aging. The aging process is mostly due to accumulated damage done by harmful species in some macromolecules such proteins, DNA, and lipids. The degradation of non-functional, oxidized proteins is a crucial part of the antioxidant defenses of cells, in which the clearance of these proteins occurs through autophagy in the cells, which is known as mitophagy for mitochondria.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potentials of Miyan Kuka (Baobab leaves)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduitem S. Otong ◽  
Sunday A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species

Antioxidant is any substance that directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) or indirectly acts to up-regulate antioxidant defenses or inhibit ROS production. The review is aimed at highlighting the components of baobab leaves with antioxidant capabilities. Articles were searched from the Directory of Open Access Journals, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct using key words such as composition of baobab leaves, antioxidant properties of baobab leaf, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and antioxidant. The result showed that boabab leaves are good sources of food with a lot of antioxidant components such as vitamin C, carotenes, flavonoids, zinc etc. These antioxidant components help to regulate ROS including free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, as well as non-radical molecules like hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen. Baobab leaves carry out the antioxidant activities through the following processes: scavenging and neutralizing free radicals, singlet oxygen quenching, superoxide radical scavenging, hydrogen donation, metal chelating, enzymes inhibition, peroxide decomposing and synergies. They also help in activating antioxidant enzymes, reduce α-tocopherol radicals, reduce nitrosative stress, prevent oxidases, and increase levels of uric acid and low molecular weight molecules which ultimately help to reduce oxidation in the long run. Baobab leaves are rich in phytochemicals with a lot of antioxidant capabilities due to the present of several components like vitamin C, carotenes, flavenoids, etc. These components work in different ways to regulate reactive oxygen species and by extension prevent oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Forni ◽  
Francesco Facchiano ◽  
Manuela Bartoli ◽  
Stefano Pieretti ◽  
Antonio Facchiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oxidative Damage To Dna

Aging is related to a number of functional and morphological changes leading to progressive decline of the biological functions of an organism. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), released by several endogenous and exogenous processes, may cause important oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to important cellular dysfunctions. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses brings to oxidative stress conditions and, related to accumulation of ROS, aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the most relevant data reported in literature on the natural compounds, mainly phytochemicals, with antioxidant activity and their potential protective effects on age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and chronic inflammation, and possibly lower side effects, when compared to other drugs.

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