scholarly journals Compared Phenolic Compound Contents of 22 Commercial Fruit and Vegetable Juices: Relationship to Ex-Vivo Vascular Reactivity and Potential In Vivo Projection

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Matute ◽  
Jessica Tabart ◽  
Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien ◽  
Bernard Pirotte ◽  
Claire Kevers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Total Anthocyanin

The real impact of polyphenol-rich vegetable and fruit juice intake on cardiovascular health remains a matter of controversy. In the present study, rat aorta segments immersed in an organ bath (OB) were used to explore whether the total polyphenol content and/or individual phenolic compound contents of 22 commercial vegetable (n = 3) and fruit juices [(citrus (n = 5), berries (n = 10), apple (n = 2), pineapple (n = 2)] might be associated with vascular tone. Red juices (particularly blackcurrant) and lemon juice caused the most marked vasorelaxation, its amplitude being endothelium dependent or not according to the volume ratio of juice to initial OB solution Vjuice/VOBS). At volume ratios 5% and 10%, both the juice and OB total polyphenol for all juices and total anthocyanin contents for berry juices significantly correlated with aorta vasorelaxation intensity. This was not the case for total or individual flavonols (except kaempferol) or for total or individual flavanols (except epigallocatechin gallate). If one relates our measured concentrations of individual phenolic compounds in OB to what is known about their physiological concentrations, and given our evidenced correlations between compound concentrations and vasorelaxation intensity, kaempferol, epigallocatechin gallate and peonidin-3-O-glucoside seem to emerge as the interesting phenolic compounds likely to be responsible for the potent vasorelaxation observed with fruit juices, and more particularly blackcurrant ones. Clinical investigation is required, however, to confirm our observations.

scholarly journals Color of berry and juice of 'Isabel' grape treated with abscisic acid in different ripening stages

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1160-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Yukari Yamamoto ◽  
Renata Koyama ◽  
Adriane Marinho de Assis ◽  
Wellington Fernando Silva Borges ◽  
Izadora Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Abstract : The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of (S)-cis-abscisic acid (S-ABA) application at different ripening stages, in increasing phenolic compounds and color of berry and juice of 'Isabel' grape (Vitis labrusca). The evaluated treatments were: control, without S-ABA application; 400 mg L-1S-ABA applied 7 days before veraison (DBV) + 400 mg L-1S-ABA at 35 days after first application (DAFA); 400 mg L-1S-ABA applied at veraison (V) + 400 mg L-1S-ABA at 35 DAFA; and 400 mg L-1S-ABA applied 7 days after veraison (DAV) + 400 mg L-1S-ABA at 35 DAFA. There was no difference among treatments regarding the physical characteristics of berries and clusters, as well as total polyphenols in berry and juice. However, there was an increase in total anthocyanins in berry and juice with S-ABA application. Colorimetric variables indicated the increase in color of berry treated with S-ABA. Juices produced from grapes treated with S-ABA were more appreciated by tasters. The treatments with 400 mg L-1S-ABA applied 7 days before, during, or 7 days after veraison, combined with an additional application 35 days after the first one, increment total anthocyanin concentration and color of berry and juice of 'Isabel' grape, with better juice acceptance, without affecting total polyphenol concentration.

The Effect on Health of Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2242
Author(s):  
Germaine Savoiu Balint ◽  
Mihaiela Andoni ◽  
Ramona Amina Popovici ◽  
Laura Cristina Rusu ◽  
Ioana Citu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Relaxing Response

Arterial endothelium produces a large ramge of active factors which are indispensable for modulation of vasomotor tone and maintenance of vascular wall integrity. From these factors, nitric oxide (NO), wich is released by the endothelial cells as a response to acetylcholine or adenosine action on specific receptors, plays an important role.NO is the result of oxidation process of L-arginine into L-citrulline, under the action of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOSe), wich is activated by intracelluar Ca2+ - calmodulin complex . Our study, performed in isolated organ bath, analyzed vascular reactivity of 12 guinea pigs� thoracic aorta rings. After phenylephrine -PHE 10-5 mol/L precontraction, the dose-effect curves for acetylcoline � ACH, adenosine 5� phosphate - 5�ADP and sodium nitroprusside � SNP were determined, before and after incubation of preparation, for 1 hour, with 5% hydrosoluble cigarettes smoke extract (CSE). Statistic analysis, performed with the use of t pair test and ANOVA parametric test, showed that incubation of vascular preparation with 5% CSE has increased the contractile response to PHE 10-5 mol/L (p[0.05), has reduced the endothelium-dependent relaxing response to ATP 10-5 mol/L (p[0.001) and 5�ADP 10-5 molo/L (p[0.001), but has not significantly modified the endothelium-independent relaxing response to SNP 10-5 mol/L (p=0.05). As a conclusion, vascular rings incubation with 5% CSE induced a decrease of endothelium NO synthesis under the action of AXH and 5�ADP, but did not change the smooth muscle fiber respomse in the presence of NO released by SNP.

Evaluation of Polyphenolic Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate Juice in Combination with Rifampin (R) against MDR-TB Clinical Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manaf AlMatar ◽  
Işıl Var ◽  
Begüm Kayar ◽  
Emel Eker ◽  
Ebru Kafkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: The global rise of multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis demands unconventional treatment to enhance the efficiency of current drugs. Punica granatum, which is known as pomegranate, is considered as a member of the Punicaceae family. Pomegranate, which is broadly documented for its activity against a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens, deserves further scrutiny in this respect. Methods: Within this scope, this study investigated the effect of fresh pomegranate juice (FPJ) on the antibacterial activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs (Rifampin (R) and Isoniazid (INH)) against MDR-TB clinical isolates. The drug resistance profiles in M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were determined by susceptibility test using BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Four concentrations of fresh pomegranate juice (FPJ) (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were evaluated in combination with R and INH at a dose range of (1.0 µg/ml) and (0.1 µg/ml), respectively against the MDR-TB isolates by the BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Moreover, this study scrutinized individual phenolic compounds of FPJ by using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoid (TF), total anthocyanins content (TAC), and the antioxidant capacity were also assessed in FPJ. Results: Synergistic effects were observed between R and INH with FPJ against all tested strains. However, combination therapy of rifampin was more effective than isoniazid one. Therefore, the combination of R and FPJ has been used against (27) MDR-TB clinical isolates. 5% of FPJ plus R (1.0 µg/ml) were found to suppress the growth of one isolates for first group (INH and R resistant). However, 5% of FPJ demonstrated no synergistic impact with R for second (SM, R and INH resistant) and third group (INH, EMB, R and SM resistant). Moreover, 10% of FPJ and R (1.0 μg/ml) inhibited the bacterial growth of three isolates of first group and two isolates and one isolate for second and third group, respectively. Remarkably, 15% of FPJ plus R (1.0 µg/ml) appeared to inhibit the growth of MDR-TB isolates for all tested groups indicating a strong synergistic effect. Regarding H37RV, the complete inhibition of the bacterial growth was found to occur at 15% and 20% concentrations of FPJ only. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FPJ ranged from (4% to13%) for first group and from (10% to15%) for second and third group. Thus, FPJ at 15% inhibited 100% of bacteria for all tested isolates (MIC100% =15%). Phenolic compounds identified in FPJ were gallic acid, benzoic acid, syringic, folic acid, pelargonidin, naringin+ellagic acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, myricetin, kaempferol, quercetin, cyanidin-3-glycoside, p-cummaric acid, ferulic acid, and rutin. Total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF), and total anthocyanin (TA) content were 841.5 mg/L, 638.73 mg RE/L, and 47.43 mg/L, accordingly. Conclusion: Overall, FPJ displayed synergistic effect with R against MDR-TB clinical isolates due to its high content of polyphenol and antioxidant capability.

Development, Pre-clinical Investigation and Histopathological Evaluation of Metronidazole Loaded Topical Formulation for Treatment of Skin Inflammatory disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Thakur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Sheetu Wadhwa ◽  
Ashana Puri
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Ex Vivo Permeation ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Metronidazole (MTZ) is an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with beneficial therapeutic properties. The hydrophilic nature of molecule limits its penetration across the skin. Existing commercial formulations have limitations of inadequate drug concentration present at target site, which requires frequent administration and poor patient compliance. Objective: The aim of current study was to develop and evaluate water in oil microemulsion of Metronidazole with higher skin retention for treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Methods: Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were used in order to select the appropriate ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant and identify the microemulsion area. The selected formulation consisted of Capmul MCM as oil, Tween 20 and Span 20 as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, and water. The formulation was characterized and evaluated for stability, Ex vivo permeation studies and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect (carrageenan induced rat paw edema, air pouch model), anti-psoriatic activity (mouse-tail test). Results: The particle size analyses revealed average diameter and polydispersity index of selected formulation to be 16 nm and 0.373, respectively. The results of ex vivo permeation studies showed statistically higher mean cumulative amount of MTZ retained in rat skin from microemulsion i.e. 21.90 ± 1.92 μg/cm2 which was 6.65 times higher as compared to Marketed gel (Metrogyl gel®) with 3.29 ± 0.11 μg/cm2 (p<0.05). The results of in vivo studies suggested the microemulsion based formulation of MTZ to be similar in efficacy to Metrogyl gel®. Conclusion: Research suggests efficacy of the developed MTZ loaded microemulsion in treatment of chronic skin inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of Freeze Crystallization on Quality Properties of Two Endemic Patagonian Berries Juices: Murta (Ugni molinae) and Arrayan (Luma apiculata)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
María Guerra-Valle ◽  
Siegried Lillo-Perez ◽  
Guillermo Petzold ◽  
Patricio Orellana-Palma
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Ugni Molinae

This work studied the effects of centrifugal block freeze crystallization (CBFC) on physicochemical parameters, total phenolic compound content (TPCC), antioxidant activity (AA), and process parameters applied to fresh murta and arrayan juices. In the last cycle, for fresh murta and arrayan juices, the total soluble solids (TSS) showed values close to 48 and 54 Brix, and TPCC exhibited values of approximately 20 and 66 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 grams dry matter (d.m.) for total polyphenol content, 13 and 25 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100 grams d.m. for total anthocyanin content, and 9 and 17 mg quercetin equivalents/100 grams d.m. for total flavonoid content, respectively. Moreover, the TPCC retention indicated values over 78% for murta juice, and 82% for arrayan juice. Similarly, the AA presented an increase over 2.1 times in relation to the correspondent initial AA value. Thus, the process parameters values were between 69% and 85% for efficiency, 70% and 88% for percentage of concentrate, and 0.72% and 0.88 (kg solutes/kg initial solutes) for solute yield. Therefore, this work provides insight about CBFC on valuable properties in fresh Patagonian berries juices, for future applications in health and industrial scale.

Myometrial Responses to Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists in Gynecological Malignancies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Beata Modzelewska ◽  
Marcin Jóźwik ◽  
Tomasz Kleszczewski ◽  
Stanisław Sulkowski ◽  
Maciej Jóźwik
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Human Uterus ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Gynecological Malignancies

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of beta-adrenoceptor (ADRB) antagonists on contractile activity of the nonpregnant human uterus in patients affected by gynecological malignancies. Design: This was a controlled and prospective ex vivo study. Setting: The work was conducted as a collaboration between 4 academic departments. Materials and Methods: Myometrial specimens were obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynecological disorders (reference group; N = 15), and ovarian (N = 15), endometrial (N = 15), synchronous ovarian-endometrial (N = 3), and cervical cancer (N = 10). Contractions of myometrial strips in an organ bath before and after applications of ADRB antagonists (propranolol, bupranolol, SR 59230A, and butoxamine) were studied under isometric conditions. Results: Propranolol and bupranolol attenuated contractions in the endometrial and cervical cancer groups similar to that in the reference group (all p < 0.05), whereas opposite effects were observed in the ovarian and synchronous ovarian-endometrial cancer groups. SR 59230A and butoxamine significantly increased contractions in the ovarian cancer group (both p < 0.001). Limitations: These results require now to be placed into a firm clinical context. Conclusions: Our study indicates that ovarian cancer considerably alters contractile activity of the nonpregnant human uterus in response to ADRB antagonists. This suggests a pathogenetic role of beta-adrenergic pathways in this malignancy. Furthermore, propranolol and bupranolol substantially influence spontaneous uterine contractility.

scholarly journals High-content image-based analysis and proteomic profiling identifies Tau phosphorylation inhibitors in a human iPSC-derived glutamatergic neuronal model of tauopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chialin Cheng ◽  
Surya A. Reis ◽  
Emily T. Adams ◽  
Daniel M. Fass ◽  
Steven P. Angus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Neuronal Model ◽  
Tau Phosphorylation ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractMutations in MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD). MAPT mutations are associated with abnormal tau phosphorylation levels and accumulation of misfolded tau protein that can propagate between neurons ultimately leading to cell death (tauopathy). Recently, a p.A152T tau variant was identified as a risk factor for FTD, Alzheimer's disease, and synucleinopathies. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from a patient carrying this p.A152T variant to create a robust, functional cellular assay system for probing pathophysiological tau accumulation and phosphorylation. Using stably transduced iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells engineered to enable inducible expression of the pro-neural transcription factor Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2), we generated disease-relevant, cortical-like glutamatergic neurons in a scalable, high-throughput screening compatible format. Utilizing automated confocal microscopy, and an advanced image-processing pipeline optimized for analysis of morphologically complex human neuronal cultures, we report quantitative, subcellular localization-specific effects of multiple kinase inhibitors on tau, including ones under clinical investigation not previously reported to affect tau phosphorylation. These results demonstrate the potential for using patient iPSC-derived ex vivo models of tauopathy as genetically accurate, disease-relevant systems to probe tau biochemistry and support the discovery of novel therapeutics for tauopathies.

scholarly journals Antiproliferative Activity on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells and In Vitro Antioxidant Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts from Peels of Species of the Myrtaceae Family

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Nayara Simas Frauches ◽  
Júlia Montenegro ◽  
Thuane Amaral ◽  
Joel Pimentel Abreu ◽  
Gabriela Laiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Human Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells

There is a significant indication of the beneficial health effects of fruit rich diets. Fruits of native plant species have noticeably different phytochemicals and bioactive effects. The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the constituents of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba, MJ), jamun-berry (Syzygium cumini, SC), and malay-apple (Syzygium malaccense, SM) extracts and their influence on antioxidant activity in vitro and antiproliferative effects on human colon adenocarcinoma cells. According to the results, dried peel powders (DP) have a high anthocyanin content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity when compared to freeze dried extracts (FD). M. jaboticaba dried peel powder extract had a higher total anthocyanin and phenolic compounds content (802.90 ± 1.93 and 2152.92 ± 43.95 mg/100 g, respectively). A reduction in cell viability of HT-29 cells after treatment with M. jaboticaba extracts (DP-MJ and FD-MJ) was observed via MTT assay. Flow cytometry showed that the treatment with the anthocyanin-rich extracts from MJ, SC, and SM had an inhibitory impact on cell development due to G2/M arrest and caused a rise in apoptotic cells in relation to the control group. The findings of this study highlight the potential of peel powders from Myrtaceae fruits as an important source of natural antioxidants and a protective effect against colon adenocarcinoma.

Glucose uptake during contraction in isolated skeletal muscles from neuronal nitric oxide synthase μ knockout mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yet Hoi Hong ◽  
Tony Frugier ◽  
Xinmei Zhang ◽  
Robyn M. Murphy ◽  
Gordon S. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) significantly attenuates the increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction/exercise, and a greater attenuation is observed in individuals with Type 2 diabetes compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, NO appears to play an important role in mediating muscle glucose uptake during contraction. In this study, we investigated the involvement of neuronal NOSμ (nNOSμ), the main NOS isoform activated during contraction, on skeletal muscle glucose uptake during ex vivo contraction. Extensor digitorum longus muscles were isolated from nNOSμ−/−and nNOSμ+/+mice. Muscles were contracted ex vivo in a temperature-controlled (30°C) organ bath with or without the presence of the NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) and the NOS substrate L-arginine. Glucose uptake was determined by radioactive tracers. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake increased approximately fourfold during contraction in muscles from both nNOSμ−/−and nNOSμ+/+mice. L-NMMA significantly attenuated the increase in muscle glucose uptake during contraction in both genotypes. This attenuation was reversed by L-arginine, suggesting that L-NMMA attenuated the increase in muscle glucose uptake during contraction by inhibiting NOS and not via a nonspecific effect of the inhibitor. Low levels of NOS activity (∼4%) were detected in muscles from nNOSμ−/−mice, and there was no evidence of compensation from other NOS isoform or AMP-activated protein kinase which is also involved in mediating muscle glucose uptake during contraction. These results indicate that NO regulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake during ex vivo contraction independently of nNOSμ.

scholarly journals Stimulation of phenolic compounds production in the in vitro cultivated Polyscias filicifolia Bailey shoots and evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of plant extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Agnieszka Śliwińska ◽  
Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek ◽  
Anita Kośmider ◽  
Sebastian Granica ◽  
Karolina Miszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Ferulic Acids

<p>In this study, an efficient method to enhance phenolic compound production in the in vitro cultured shoots of <em>Polyscias filicifolia</em> was developed. The phenolic compound content in <em>P. filicifolia</em> has not yet been reported. Shoots were treated with methyl jasmonate (JM) or salicylic acid (SA) at doses of 50, 100, or 200 µM. HPLC-UV-VIS and LC-MS techniques were used for the determination of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acids. The total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified, and the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts was determined using DPPH and ABTS methods. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of <em>P. filicifolia</em> extracts in normal (HaCaT) and cancer (A549) cells was investigated. Further, the effect of the extracts on cisplatin cytotoxicity was assessed.</p><p>The elicitors significantly enhanced phenolic production compared to that in untreated shoots and leaves of intact plants. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compound with the highest yield of 5.03 ±0.25 mg/g DW after treatment with 50 µM SA. The total flavonoid and phenolic content was significantly and dose-dependently influenced by JM. The highest antioxidant capacity was noted in extracts derived from shoots grown on media supplemented with 50 µM SA and 200 µM JM; these doses were used for further cytotoxic activity investigations. The extracts from JM or SA treatments reduced cancer cell viability and increased their mortality, whereas the extract from JM treatment exhibited protective effect on normal cells. Moreover, the comparison of cytotoxic properties of plant extracts and cisplatin indicated that plant phenolic compounds in combination with anticancer drugs could reduce the detrimental effect of the latter on human cells.</p>

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