scholarly journals Structural Features and Rheological Properties of a Sulfated Xylogalactan-Rich Fraction Isolated from Tunisian Red Seaweed Jania adhaerens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiez Hentati ◽  
Cédric Delattre ◽  
Christine Gardarin ◽  
Jacques Desbrières ◽  
Didier Le Cerf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Average Molecular Masses

A novel sulfated xylogalactan-rich fraction (JSP for J. adhaerens Sulfated Polysaccharide) was extracted from the red Tunisian seaweed Jania adhaerens. JSP was purified using an alcoholic precipitation process and characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with a multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, 1D and 2D). JSP was then evaluated regarding its physicochemical and rheological properties. Results showed that JSP was mainly composed of an agar-like xylogalactan sharing the general characteristics of corallinans. The structure of JSP was mainly composed of agaran disaccharidic repeating units (→3)-β-d-Galp-(1,4)-α-l-Galp-(1→)n and (→3)-β-d-Galp-(1,4)-3,6-α-l-AnGalp-(1→)n, mainly substituted on O-6 of (1,3)-β-d-Galp residues by β-xylosyl side chains, and less with sulfate or methoxy groups. (1,4)-α-l-Galp residues were also substituted by methoxy and/or sulfate groups in the O-2 and O-3 positions. Mass-average and number-average molecular masses (Mw) and (Mn), intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) for JSP were, respectively, 8.0 × 105 g/mol, 1.0 × 105 g/mol, 76 mL/g and 16.8 nm, showing a flexible random coil conformation in solution. The critical overlap concentration C* of JSP was evaluated at 7.5 g/L using the Williamson model. In the semi-diluted regime, JSP solutions displayed a shear-thinning behavior with a great viscoelasticity character influenced by temperature and monovalent salts. The flow characteristics of JSP were described by the Ostwald model.

Structure of a shear-thickening polysaccharide extracted from the New Zealand black tree fern, Cyathea medullaris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wee ◽  
M Mastrangelo ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
K Goh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

A shear-thickening water-soluble polysaccharide was purified from mucilage extracted from the fronds of the New Zealand black tree fern (Cyathea medullaris or 'mamaku' in Māori) and its structure characterised. Constituent sugar analysis by three complementary methods, combined with linkage analysis (of carboxyl reduced samples) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed a glucuronomannan comprising a backbone of 4-linked methylesterified glucopyranosyl uronic acid and 2-linked mannopyranosyl residues, branched at O-3 of 45% and at both O-3 and O-4 of 53% of the mannopyranosyl residues with side chains likely comprising terminal xylopyranosyl, terminal galactopyranosyl, non-methylesterified terminal glucopyranosyl uronic acid and 3-linked glucopyranosyl uronic acid residues. The weight-average molecular weight of the purified polysaccharide was ~1.9×106Da as determined by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). The distinctive rheological properties of this polysaccharide are discussed in relation to its structure. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Molecular and biochemical characteristics of inulosucrase InuBK from Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae JCM 11 691

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ji Yokoi ◽  
Sosyu Tsutsui ◽  
Gen-ya Arakawa ◽  
Masakazu Takaba ◽  
Koichi Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Chain Lengths

Abstract Information about the inulosucrase of non-lactic acid bacteria is scarce. We found a gene encoding inulosucrase (inuBK) in the genome of the gram-positive bacterium Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae JCM 11691. The inuBK open reading frame encoded a protein comprising 456 amino acids. We expressed His-tagged InuBK in culture medium using a Brevibacillus system. The optimal pH and temperature of purified InuBK were 7.0–9.0 and 50 °C–55 °C, respectively. The findings of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering showed that the polysaccharide produced by InuBK was an inulin with a molecular weight of 3,806, a polydispersity index (PI) of 1.047, and fructosyl chain lengths with 3–27 degrees of polymerization. The size of InuBK was smaller than commercial inulins, and the PI of the inulin that it produced was lower.

Relationships between Molecular Weights and Rheological Properties of Asphalts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1535 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan F. B ranthaver ◽  
Raymond E. Robertson ◽  
John J. Duvall
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions ◽  
Molecular Associations ◽  
Weight Distributions ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Microstructural Model

It is known that the rheological properties of mixtures of organic compounds are functions of molecular weight distributions. However, with respect to asphalts, which are composed of many different compounds and compound types, molecular weights are difficult to measure. This difficulty occurs because the molecular associations that form are held together by forces of varying strengths and are partly broken up by heat and solvents. In theory, the strongest molecular associations in asphalts should have the greatest influence on the rheological properties of asphalts. These associations would be expected to be the major contributors to the asphalt's behaving as if it were a relatively high molecular weight material. Asphalt molecular associations should be isolatable by means of size exclusion chromatography. Several fractions of varying molecular weights (measured by membrane osmometry and vapor phase osmometry) were isolated from Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) asphalt AAD-1 by preparative size exclusion chromatography. Molecular weights of these fractions ranged from approximately 2,000 daltons to over 40,000 daltons. When these fractions were independently mixed with asphalt AAD-1 solvent moiety, mixtures were obtained whose rheological properties were a function of the molecular weights and concentrations of the associated materials. These results support the microstructural model of asphalt proposed during SHRP. The results also suggest that the unusual rheological properties of some asphalts may be explained by measuring molecular weight distributions. This type of information may be useful for modification of asphalts to achieve desirable rheological properties.

Structure of a shear-thickening polysaccharide extracted from the New Zealand black tree fern, Cyathea medullaris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wee ◽  
M Mastrangelo ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
K Goh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

A shear-thickening water-soluble polysaccharide was purified from mucilage extracted from the fronds of the New Zealand black tree fern (Cyathea medullaris or 'mamaku' in Māori) and its structure characterised. Constituent sugar analysis by three complementary methods, combined with linkage analysis (of carboxyl reduced samples) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed a glucuronomannan comprising a backbone of 4-linked methylesterified glucopyranosyl uronic acid and 2-linked mannopyranosyl residues, branched at O-3 of 45% and at both O-3 and O-4 of 53% of the mannopyranosyl residues with side chains likely comprising terminal xylopyranosyl, terminal galactopyranosyl, non-methylesterified terminal glucopyranosyl uronic acid and 3-linked glucopyranosyl uronic acid residues. The weight-average molecular weight of the purified polysaccharide was ~1.9×106Da as determined by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). The distinctive rheological properties of this polysaccharide are discussed in relation to its structure. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Σύνθεση γραμμικών και αστεροειδών πολυμερών αποτελούμενα από συστάδες με υψηλή παράμετρο αλληλεπίδρασης Flory-Huggins χ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία-Μαλβίνα Σταθουράκη
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Σκοπό της διατριβής αυτής αποτελεί η σύνθεση και η μελέτη της αυτοοργάνωσης γραμμικών και αστεροειδών συμπολυμερών με υψηλή παράμετρο αλληλεπιδρασης Flory-Huggins, χ. Τα πολυμερή αυτά, λόγω της μικρής αναμιξιμότητας που παρουσιάζουν τα συστατικά τους, έχουν την δυνατότητα σε μικρά μοριακά βάρη να μπορούν να σχηματίζουν πολύ μικρές και καλά καθορισμένες δομές κατά το μικροφασικό διαχωρισμό. Αρχικά, πραγματοποιήθηκε η σύνθεση των γραμμικών δισυσταδικών συμπολυμερών πολυ(2-βινυλοπυριδίνης)-b-πολυ(l-λακτιδίου) (P2VP-b-PLLA) και των τρισυσταδικών πολυ(l-λακτιδίου)-b-πολύ(διμεθυλοσιλοξάνη)-b-πολύ(l-λακτιδίου) (PLLA-b-PDMS-b-PLLA), καθώς και γραμμικών και αστεροειδών συμπολυμερών πολύ(στυρένιο)-b-πολυ(μονομεθακρυλική γλυκερόλη), PS-b-PGMA, (πολυστυρένιο)2(πολυ(μονομεθακρυλική γλυκερόλη)), (PS)2(PGMA), και (πολυστυρένιο)3(πολυ(μονομεθακρυλική γλυκερόλη)), (PS)3(PGMA), σε διάφορες αναλογίες μοριακών βαρών των συστατικών τους. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τεχνικές ζωντανού ανιοντικού πολυμερισμού για τη σύνθεση της P2VP, καθώς και για τη σύνθεση των αστεροειδών πολυμερών, ενώ η σύνθεση των PLLA πραγματοποιήθηκε με χρήση πολυμερισμού διάνοιξης δακτυλίου (Ring Opening Polymerization, ROP). Ο μοριακός χαρακτηρισμός των πολυμερών έγινε μέσω Χρωματογραφίας Αποκλεισμού Μεγεθών (Size Exclusion Chromatography, SEC) και Φασματοσκοπίας Πυρηνικού Μαγνητικού Συντονισμού Πρωτονίου (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 1H-NMR). Τέλος, τίθενται τα αποτελέσματα που αφορούν τα γεωμετρικά χαρακτηριστικά (μέγεθος, μορφολογία) των περιοδικών νανοδομών που σχηματίζουν στο τήγμα τα συμπολυμερή, μέσω σκέδασης ακτίνων Χ σε μικρές γωνίες (Small-angle X-ray Scattering, SAXS).

NEW ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS FROM BIOMASS: STEREOSELECTIVE POLYMERIZATION OF LINEAR TERPENES AND THEIR COPOLYMERIZATION WITH BUTADIENE BY USING A COBALT COMPLEX WITH PHOSPHANE LIGANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
David Hermann Lamparelli ◽  
Veronica Paradiso ◽  
Carmine Capacchione
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cobalt Complex ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Stereoregular Polymers

ABSTRACT The polymerization of bio-renewable terpenes such as β-ocimene (O), β-myrcene (M), and β-farnesene (F) promoted by CoCl2(PCyPh2)2 (1) in combination with modified methylalumoxane at room temperature is reported. Stereoregular polymers of O, M, and F were obtained. 1 also promoted, showing good stereoselectivity, the copolymerization of O and M with butadiene (B) in a wide range of compositions by suitably varying the alimentation feed: up to 67 and 75 mol% of O and M incorporated for poly(ocimene-butadiene) and poly(myrcene-butadiene) copolymers, respectively. These new materials with elastomeric properties (glass transition temperatures observed in the range of −5.7 to −72.5 °C) were fully characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, size exclusion chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C, and two-dimensional experiments).

scholarly journals The Use of Epoxy Silanes on Montmorillonite: An Effective Way to Improve Thermal and Rheological Properties of PLA/MMT Nanocomposites Obtained via “In Situ” Polymerization

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Sabatini ◽  
Hermes Farina ◽  
Luca Basilissi ◽  
Giuseppe Di Silvestro ◽  
Marco A. Ortenzi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Melt Crystallization ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites were prepared via “in situ” ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide using a montmorillonite, Cloisite 15A, employed after surface treatment with 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The dispersion of the nanoparticles was checked using Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); both the effects of different amounts of montmorillonite and silane were measured on molecular weights and on thermal and rheological properties, using Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and rheological analyses. It was found that even very low amounts (0.1% w/w) of nanoparticles greatly affect nanocomposites properties. Unmodified montmorillonite tends to decrease molecular weights, deactivating the catalytic system used for ROP of lactide, but when epoxy silane is present molecular weights increase. Melt crystallization temperatures increase with modified nanoparticles, which enhance crystallization process. TGA analyses show that when pure montmorillonite is present, nanocomposites have lower thermal stability with respect to standard PLA; when silane is used thermal stability can get much higher than standard PLA as silane content increases. The rheological behaviour of nanocomposites shows that melt viscosity is far higher than that of standard PLA at low shear rates and also a marked shear thinning behaviour can be achieved.

Modification of acid hydrolysis lignin for value-added applications by micronization followed by hydrothermal alkaline treatment

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan M. Krutov ◽  
Dmitry V. Evtuguin ◽  
Elena V. Ipatova ◽  
Sonia A.O. Santos ◽  
Yurii N. Sazanov
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract Technical hydrolysis lignin (THL) was micronized by grinding in a rotary-jet mill to obtain a fraction of approximately 5 mm. Both initial and milled THLs were liquefied by thermal alkaline treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Upgraded THLs that were nonmilled (L1) and milled (L2) were desalted by treatment with cation-exchanged resin and were dried. Micronization affected the course of hydrothermal alkaline treatment and the structure and composition of the obtained lignin. Thus, L2 contained much less concomitant polysaccharides and extractives than L1 and was more condensed. The molecular weights of L1 and L2 were 1100 and 1000 Da, respectively, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characterization carried out by employing tandem electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that small amounts of β-O-4 (∼6 mol.%), β-5, and β-β structures still remained in L1 and L2. Overall, upgraded lignins are oligomers (trimers-pentamers) with highly degraded propane chains and possess polyconjugated condensed aromatic structures. Upgraded THL seems to be a promising raw material for polymeric formulations.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/Silica Aerogel Nanocomposites by in situ AGET ATRP: Investigating Thermal Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khezrollah Khezri ◽  
Yousef Fazli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

AbstractHydrophilic silica aerogel nanoparticles surface was modified with hexamethyldisilazane. Then, the resultant modified nanoparticles were used in random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate via activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were performed using gas and size exclusion chromatography respectively. Addition of modified nanoparticles by 3 wt% results in a decrease of conversion from 68 to 46 %. Molecular weight of copolymer chains decreases from 12,500 to 7,500 g.mol–1 by addition of 3 wt% modified nanoparticles; however, PDI values increase from 1.1 to 1.4. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results indicate that the molar ratio of each monomer in the copolymer chains is approximately similar to the initial selected mole ratio of them. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by thermal gravimetric analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry also shows a decrease in glass transition temperature by increasing modified silica aerogel nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Evidence that Treponema pallidum TroA Is a Zinc-Containing Metalloprotein That Lacks Porin-Like Structure

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (14) ◽  
pp. 4420-4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit K. Deka ◽  
Yong-Hwan Lee ◽  
Kayla E. Hagman ◽  
Dmitriy Shevchenko ◽  
Clifford A. Lingwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Leader Peptide ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Triton X

ABSTRACT Although TroA (Tromp1) was initially reported to be aTreponema pallidum outer membrane protein with porin-like properties, subsequent studies have suggested that it actually is a periplasmic substrate-binding protein involved in the transport of metals across the treponemal cytoplasmic membrane. Here we conducted additional physicochemical studies to address the divergent viewpoints concerning this protein. Triton X-114 phase partitioning of recombinant TroA constructs with or without a signal sequence corroborated our prior contention that the native protein’s amphiphilic behavior is due to its uncleaved leader peptide. Whereas typical porins are trimers with extensive β-barrel structure, size exclusion chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that TroA was a monomer and predominantly alpha-helical. Neutron activation, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and anomalous X-ray scattering all demonstrated that TroA binds zinc in a 1:1 molar stoichiometric ratio. TroA does not appear to possess structural features consistent with those of bacterial porins.

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