scholarly journals Assessment of Fiber Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of PA6/Cellulose Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5565
Author(s):  
Pruthvi K. Sridhara ◽  
Fabiola Vilaseca
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Oriented Samples ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cellulose Composite

Cellulose is being considered as a suitable renewable reinforcement for materials production. In particular, cellulose based composites are attracting global interest for their unique and intrinsic properties such as strength to weight ratio, dimensional stability and low thermal expansion and contraction. This article investigates the preparation of cellulose pulp fibers with polyamide-6 (PA6) polymer and the effect of fiber orientation within the matrix on the final properties of the biocomposite. Cellulose pulp fibers were melt compounded with PA6 using a thermo-kinetic mixer. Different formulations were prepared and the compounds were manufactured into test samples by injection molding. Mechanical characterization revealed that elastic modulus and the flexural properties increased linearly with the fiber composition. The effect of fiber orientation was examined from square samples out of which individual specimens were cut at different directions with respect to the flow direction. The contributions related to fiber content and effect of fiber orientation on the tensile properties assessed lent positively towards parallel oriented samples (0°) with respect to flow direction. Furthermore, the cellulose network within the biocomposite revealed the superior interfacial properties between the cellulose and PA6 matrix when observed under a scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Optical, Structural, and Dielectric Properties of Composites Based on Thermoplastic Polymers of the Polyolefin and Polyurethane Type and BaTiO3 Nanoparticles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
M. Baibarac ◽  
A. Nila ◽  
I. Smaranda ◽  
M. Stroe ◽  
L. Stingescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Free Films ◽  
Batio3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Properties Of Composites

In this work, new films containing composite materials based on blends of thermoplastic polymers of the polyurethane (TPU) and polyolefin (TPO) type, in the absence and presence of BaTiO3 nanoparticles (NPs) with the size smaller 100 nm, were prepared. The vibrational properties of the free films depending on the weight ratio of the two thermoplastic polymers were studied. Our results demonstrate that these films are optically active, with strong, broad, and adjustable photoluminescence by varying the amount of TPU. The crystalline structure of BaTiO3 and the influence of thermoplastic polymers on the crystallization process of these inorganic NPs were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The vibrational changes induced in the thermoplastic polymer’s matrix of the BaTiO3 NPs were showcased by Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of BaTiO3 NPs in the matrix of thermoplastic elastomers revealed the shift dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) band depending on the BaTiO3 NP concentration, which was capable of covering a wide visible spectral range. The dependencies of the dielectric relaxation phenomena with the weight of BaTiO3 NPs in thermoplastic polymers blends were also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Dielectric Properties of Ecoflex® with L,D-Poly(Lactic Acid) or Polycaprolactone in the Presence of SWCN or 5CB

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Patryk Fryń ◽  
Sebastian Lalik ◽  
Natalia Górska ◽  
Agnieszka Iwan ◽  
Monika Marzec
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hybrid Layers

The main goal of this paper was to study the dielectric properties of hybrid binary and ternary composites based on biodegradable polymer Ecoflex®, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN), and liquid crystalline 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) compound. The obtained results were compared with other created analogically to Ecoflex®, hybrid layers based on biodegradable polymers such as L,D-polylactide (L,D-PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDDS) results were analyzed taking into consideration the amount of SWCN, frequency, and temperature. For pure Ecoflex®, two relaxation processes (α and β) were identified. It was shown that the SWCN admixture (in the weight ratio 10:0.01) did not change the properties of the Ecoflex® layer, while in the case of PCL and L,D-PLA, the layers became conductive. The dielectric constant increased with an increase in the content of SWCN in the Ecoflex® matrix and the conductive behavior was not visible, even for the greatest concentration (10:0.06 weight ratio). In the case of the Ecoflex® polymer matrix, the conduction relaxation process at a frequency ca. several kilohertz appeared and became stronger with an increase in the SWCN admixture in the matrix. Addition of oleic acid to the polymer matrix had a smaller effect on the increase in the dielectric response than the addition of liquid crystal 5CB. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results revealed that the molecular structure and chemical character of the Ecoflex® and PCL matrixes remained unchanged upon the addition of SWCN or 5CB in a weight ratio of 10:0.01 and 10:1, respectively, while molecular interactions appeared between L,D-PLA and 5CB. Moreover, adding oleic acid to pure Ecoflex® as well as the binary and ternary hybrid layers with SWCN and/or 5CB in a weight ratio of Ecoflex®:oleic acid equal to 10:0.3 did not have an influence on the chemical bonding of these materials.

scholarly journals Biocomposite of Cassava Starch Reinforced with Cellulose Pulp Fibers Modified with Deposition of Silica (SiO2) Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joabel Raabe ◽  
Alessandra de Souza Fonseca ◽  
Lina Bufalino ◽  
Caue Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Alice Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Moisture Adsorption ◽  
Cellulose Pulp

Eucalyptuspulp cellulose fibers were modified by the sol-gel process for SiO2superficial deposition and used as reinforcement of thermoplastic starch (TPS). Cassava starch, glycerol, and water were added at the proportion of 60/26/14, respectively. For composites, 5% and 10% (by weight) of modified and unmodified pulp fibers were added before extrusion. The matrix and composites were submitted to thermal stability, tensile strength, moisture adsorption, and SEM analysis. Micrographs of the modified fibers revealed the presence of SiO2nanoparticles on fiber surface. The addition of modified fibers improved tensile strength in 183% in relation to matrix, while moisture adsorption decreased 8.3%. Such improvements were even more effective with unmodified fibers addition. This result was mainly attributed to poor interaction between modified fibers and TPS matrix detected by SEM analysis.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF WOVENROVING GLASS MAT FOR EPOXYCOMPOSITES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Mallampati ◽  
Sreekanth Mandalapu ◽  
Govidarajulu C
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

The composite materials are replacing the traditional materials because oftheir superior properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, high strength to weight ratio, low cost, lightweight, high specific modulus, renewability and biodegradability which are the most basic & common attractive features of composites that make them useful for industrial applications. The developments of new materials are on the anvil and are growing day by day. The efforts to produce economically attractive composite components have resulted in several innovative manufacturing techniques currently being used in the composites industry. Generally, composites consist of mainly two phases i.e., matrix and fiber. In this study, woven roving mats (E-glass fiber orientation (-45°/45°,0°/90°, - 45°/45°),UD450GSM)were cut in measured dimensions and a mixture of Epoxy Resin (EPOFINE-556, Density-1.15gm/cm3), Hardener (FINE HARDTM 951, Density- 0.94 gm/cm3) and Acetone [(CH3)2CO, M= 38.08 g/mol] was used to manufacture the glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite by hand lay-up method. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, SEM analysis, hardness test, density tests are evaluated.

Thermal and Tensile Properties of PP Nanocomposite Blends

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
C. Rosales ◽  
V. Contreras ◽  
M. Matos ◽  
R. Perera ◽  
N. Villarreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Polyethylene Blends ◽  
Metallocene Polyethylene ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Layered Clay

Polypropylene/polyamide-6 and polypropylene/metallocene polyethylene blends containing 2.5 phr of organophilic modified montmorillonite were prepared in a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. In order to compare, blends without layered clay were also made. Styreneethylene- butylene-styrene copolymer and polypropylene grafted with anhydride maleic were used as compatibilizers in the ternary blends and in the PP nanocomposite preparation, respectively. The presence of tactoids, intercalated and exfoliated structures was observed by TEM in some of the samples containing layered clay and modified PP materials. Results showed that the compatibilized blends prepared without clay are tougher than those prepared with the nanocomposite of PP as the matrix phase and no significant changes in tensile moduli were observed between them. However, the binary blend with a nanocomposite of PP as matrix and metallocene polyethylene exhibited better tensile toughness and lower tensile modulus, than those prepared with a nanocomposite of PP and polyamide-6 as dispersed phase. These results are related to the degree of clay dispersion in the PP and to the type of morphology developed in the different blends. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that blends with a finer and homogeneously dispersed morphology determined by SEM, the PA component exhibited fractionated crystallization exotherms in the temperature range of 159-185°C. Also, nucleation of the PP component by PA phase and/or the layered clay was observed in the blends with PA as dispersed phase.

Development of the layered structure in a double-gated glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene injection molding: Experimental and simulated results

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 945-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Quintana ◽  
MP Frontini
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Fiber Orientation Distribution

The present study aims to experimentally validate numerical simulation of fiber orientation distribution performed by molding simulation software Moldex3D in a double-gated injection-molded glass fiber-filled (40 wt%) polypropylene box, by making a detailed comparison of predicted and experimentally measured fiber orientation distribution data. The modeling approach evaluated in this work consists in the implementation of the Folgar–Tucker rotary diffusion model with the invariant-based optimal fitting closure approximation for the fourth-order orientation tensor. The specimen used has a weld line in the center and sharp corners. This investigation characterizes in detail the development of the through-thickness layered structure at distinctive locations of the specimen. The sensitivity of fiber orientation distribution and the layered structure to changes upon injection time and melt temperature is also evaluated. The boxes display the typical layered laminate structure, with fibers aligned in the main flow direction near the walls (shell layer) and less oriented in the middle plane (core layer). The boxes injected at the lowest melt temperature display an additional skin layer. Unfortunately, simulation fails in predicting the five layers structure developed under these latter conditions. The grade of fiber orientation is deemed to be independent of process parameters but not the layered structure.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Particle Board Produced from Saw Dust and Plastic Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atoyebi Olumoyewa Dotun ◽  
Adeolu Adesoji Adediran ◽  
Adisa Cephas Oluwatimilehin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Matrix

The current work reports on the fabrication of composite matrix from saw dust (SD) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at different weight ratio by flat-pressed method. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made with a thickness of 15 mm after mixing the saw dust and PET followed by a three phase press cycle. Physical properties (Density, Water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS)) and Mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR)) were determined base on the mixing ratios according to the standard. WA and TS were measured after 2 h and 24 h of immersion in water. The results showed that as the density increased, the SD content decreased from 90 % to 50 % into the matrix. However, WA and TS decreases when the PET content increased in the matrix. Remarkably, the MOE and MOR attained a maximum point at 964.199 N/mm2and 9.03 N/mm2respectively in 50 % SD content. In comparism with standard, boards D and E can be classified as medium density boards while A, B and C are low density boards. The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically be feasible for indoor uses in building due to favorable physical properties exhibited. The mechanical properties response showed that it cannot be used for structural or load bearing application.

scholarly journals Investigation into fibre orientation and weldline reduction of injection moulded short glass-fibre/polyamide 6-6 automotive components

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1603-1628
Author(s):  
Sarah Mosey ◽  
Feras Korkees ◽  
Andrew Rees ◽  
Gethin Llewelyn
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Component Failures

Due to the increasing demands on automotive components, manufacturers are relying on injection moulding components from fibre-reinforced polymers in an attempt to increase strength to weight ratio. The use of reinforcing fibres in injection moulded components has led to component failures whereby the material strength is hampered through the formation of weldlines which are also a problem for unreinforced plastics. In this study, an industrial demonstrator component has the injection locations verified through a combination of fibre orientation tensor simulation and optical microscopy analysis of key locations on the component. Furthermore, the automotive component manufactured from 30% glass fibre–reinforced polyamide 6-6 is simulated and optimized through a Taguchi parametric study. A comparison is made between the component, as it is currently manufactured, and the optimum processing parameters determined by the study. It was found that the component can be manufactured with roughly 7.5% fewer weldlines and with a mould fill time 132 ms quicker than the current manufacturing process.

Investigation of the fatigue behavior of thermoplastic composites by load increase tests

2020 ◽  
pp. 002199832095452
Author(s):  
Andreas Baumann ◽  
Sebastian Backe ◽  
Joachim Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Load Increase

Fatigue is one major load case in many structures for transport applications. New materials often lack the necessary data base for a fast application in cyclic loaded components due to time consuming testing series. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the load increase test as method to determine a possible fatigue limit of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6. Under the working hypothesis that cracks are the main contributors for heat emission, the results show that the investigated material exhibits a different behavior in comparison to thermosets. Instead of crack formation experimental and numerical data indicate that the matrix relaxes under fatigue loading. This relaxation could potentially lead to crack prevention but might also result in the observed sudden failure behavior of the material. These findings suggest a totally different behavior of thermoplastic composites under fatigue loading.

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