scholarly journals Multivariate Geostatistical Modeling of Lower Calorific Value in Multi-Seam Coal Deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6208
Author(s):  
Daphne Sideri ◽  
Christos Roumpos ◽  
Francis Pavloudakis ◽  
Nikolaos Paraskevis ◽  
Konstantinos Modis
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Multivariate Geostatistics ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Coal Deposits

The estimation of fuel characteristics and spatial variability in multi-seam coal deposits is of great significance for the optimal mine planning and exploitation, as well as for the optimization of the corresponding power plants operation. It is mainly based on the quality properties of the coal (i.e., Lower Calorific Value (LCV), ash content, CO2, and moisture). Even though critical, these properties are not always measured in practice for all available borehole samples, or, they are generally estimated by using non-parametric statistics. Therefore, spatial modeling of LCV can become problematic due to the limited number of data. Thus, the use of other available correlated attributes might be helpful. In this research, techniques of multivariate geostatistics were used to estimate and evaluate the spatial distribution of quality properties in a multi-seam coal deposit, with special reference to the LCV. More specifically, kriging, cokriging, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques were tested in a case study as estimators of the LCV, using an extensive set of borehole data from the South Field lignite mine in Ptolemais, Greece. The research outcomes show that the application of kriging with two PCA factors and the use of inverse transform result in the best LCV estimates. Moreover, cokriging with two auxiliary variables gives more accurate values for a LCV estimate, in relation to the kriging technique. The research outcomes could be considered significant for the coal mining industry, since the use of correlated quality attributes for the estimation of LCV may contribute to a reduction of the estimation uncertainty at no additional drilling cost.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of coal of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for energy needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Nikita Pavlov ◽  
Liudmila Takaishvili ◽  
Vasiliy Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Coal Processing ◽  
Coal Resources ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Small Capacity

The Republic has significant resources for the development of mining, export and domestic consumption, including the energy needs of the republic and neighboring regions. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the supply of Yakut coal for energy needs and the structure of capacities by energy resources. The estimation of power-generating coal resources, including low-grade products of coking coal processing of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is given. Characteristics of coal deposits are presented, which are useful for energy needs. Projects for the development of coal-fired energy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has significant coal resources for the development of coal-fired power plants. Coal power facilities play a closing role in meeting the demand for electricity and heat. The use of coal for the development of coal-fired energy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) can be determined by the development of mining industry, the construction of power plants of small capacity in isolated areas, as well as the possibility of exporting coal-fired power plants.

Metalliferous mining geophysics—State of the art in the last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the new millennium

Geophysics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 964-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misac N. Nabighian ◽  
Michael W. Asten
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Airborne Gravity ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Technological Developments

The downturn in mining activity experienced during the 1990s did not preclude significant new developments in various areas of mining geophysics. The methodology for acquiring and compiling data has kept pace with the latest technological developments, from Global Positioning System navigation to raster displays and parallel computing. Wavelet transforms, principal component analysis, and fractals have begun to find successful applications in both processing and interpretation of geophysical data. Methods of quantitatively interpreting/inverting anomalies in terms of 2‐D and 3‐D models of causative bodies are becoming common. For the first time it is possible to make airborne gravity gradient measurements suitable for use in mineral exploration. Lower transmitter frequencies for airborne time‐domain electromagnetic (EM) systems have enabled surveys in areas where conductive cover previously screened basement conductors. The use of approximation algorithms has allowed the transformation of either time‐domain or frequency‐domain data into conductivity‐depth images (CDIs) which expedite interpretation. Full‐waveform recording and the use of multiple receivers are becoming common for ground EM techniques. In radiometrics it is now common practice to record 256 channels of spectral data which, by using statistical methods, has led to a dramatic reduction of noise in aerial gamma‐ray surveys. Finally, advances in 3‐D oil‐field seismic reflection methods have been introduced into the search for mineral deposits, thereby providing new tools for studying the environment of orebody emplacement as well as detailed geometrical information of value for both exploration and mine‐planning applications. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, we find the geophysical techniques used by the mining industry to be at the forefront of the latest technological developments.

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

The Effect of Mixing Coal with Biomass in Solid Fuel Briquettes

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Yee Sing ◽  
Mohd Shiraz Aris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Burning fossil fuel like coal in power plants released carbon dioxide that had been absorbed millions of years ago. Unfortunately, excessive carbon dioxide emission had led to global warming. Malaysia, as one of the major exporters of palm oil, has abundant oil palm mill residues that could be converted into value-added product like biomass fuel briquettes. Fuel briquette with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as its main ingredients showed satisfactory fuel characteristics and mechanical properties as a pure biomass fuel briquette. The effects of adding some coal of higher calorific value to the satisfactory biomass fuel briquette were focused in this study. Various coal-biomass fuel blends were used, ranging from 0wt% coal to 50wt% coal. The fuel properties and mechanical properties of pure biomass briquette and briquettes with different amount of coal added were compared experimentally. From the fuel properties tests, it was found that as the coal content in the briquette was increased, the carbon content and calorific value increased. Mechanical property tests on the fuel briquettes showed a mixture of results, with some favored higher portion of coal in the briquette for better handling, transport and storage properties while some favored greater amount of biomass.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Beban Generator Terhadap Efsiensi Kinerja PLTU Bosowa Energi Jeneponto Unit 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Andreas Pangkung ◽  
Herman Nawir ◽  
Aditya Nugraha Adji Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Efficiency Performance

This study aims to determine the effect of changes in generator load on efficiency performance in steam power plants and to determine the amount of input power in the boiler. Data collection was carried out at PT. Bosowa Energi PLTU Jeneponto. The data are the power output, fuel consumption, and the calorific value of the fuel. Then perform data analysis by calculating input power and efficiency. From the result of the study, the highest efficiency is on May 20, 2018 at 18.00 with a load of 90.00 MW, namely 55.68% and the lowest efficiency is on May 12, 2018 at 03.00 with a load of 64.98 MW, namely 22.69%. The highest boiler input power based on the analysis results was on May 3, 2018 at 20.00, namely 356.61 MW, and the lowest boiler input power based on the analysis was on May 15, 2018 at 07.00, namely 128.14 MW.

scholarly journals Potential And Characteristics Of Eichhornia Crassipes Biomass And Municipal Solid Waste As Raw Materials For RDF In Co-Firing Coal Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
S A C R Darmawan ◽  
A L Sihombing ◽  
D G Cendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Value Range ◽  
The Government

Abstract The government has regulated the use of RDF biomass for coal co-firing in power plants. This paper examines biomass (Eichhornia Crassipes and municipal solid waste) characteristics and its potential use as RDF for co-firing in CPP. The method includes the analysis of the composition, supply of raw materials, and biomass characteristics. These results will compare with the coal’s characteristics in CPP. The density of Eichhornia Crassipes in Lake Tondano was 25 kg/m2, with the wet mass of 45,350 tons. The results of the Eichhornia Crassipes sample test for parameters of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fix carbon and gross calorific value have a value range of 93%, 5.8-7.1%, 60.21-63.5%, 17.9-22%, 11.4% and 2681-3068 kcal/kg. Amurang CPP uses coal with 4200 kcal/kg calories as much as 1056 tons/day. The co-firing target of 5% requires 52.8 tons of biomass per day. The existing Eichhornia Crassipes biomass in Lake Tondano only supplies the CPP for 62 days. MSW typically has calorific values and moisture with Eichhornia Crassipes biomass, about 3766-4194 kcal/kg and 31.7-87.1%. The use of MSW to cover the lack of Eichhornia Crassipes will ensure the sustainability of the supply of biomass raw materials in the co-firing program at CPP.

scholarly journals Effects of Marketing Ages on the Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Aspects of Cured Broiler Chicken Breast Meat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Sin-Young Park ◽  
Hack-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Flavor Evaluation ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Cooking Yield

This research evaluated the properties of cured chicken breasts of broiler chicken with different marketing ages (28, 30, 32, and 34 day). The water contents in the proximate compositions of the samples tended to decrease with increasing marketing age, while the protein content increased. The samples’ uncooked and cooked pH values, WHC, and cooking yield increased with increasing marketing age; however, the WHC and cooking yield were not significantly different between the 32 and 34 day samples (p > 0.05). In the case of the color, the 34 day samples were significantly lower in terms of lightness, but significantly higher in redness and yellowness compared to the other samples (p < 0.05). Although the shear forces of the 28–32 day samples were not significantly different (p > 0.05), those of the 28 and 30 day samples were significantly lower than those of the 34 day sample (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the aromatic profile (determined by principal component analysis) of the 34 day sample differed from that of the 28–32 day samples. Flavor evaluation of the cooked 30 and 32 day samples showed significant differences compared to the 28 and 34 day samples (p < 0.05), and the texture evaluation showed that the 34 day sample obtained a significantly lower score than the 28 day sample (p < 0.05). Overall, these results suggest that the current broiler marketing age of 32 day results in suitable quality properties for broiler cured chicken breast.

scholarly journals Sustainable Coal Mining and Electricity Generation: With Special Reference to Dahanu Thermal Power Station

2020 ◽  
Vol Special Issue (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugat Tajane ◽  
Manika Kamthan
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Thermal Power Station ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Mineral Development

Mining Industry is often tagged as a polluting sector since it involves since it involves extensive resource exploitation by unsustainable methods. The techniques involved in mining cause tremendous destruction to the environment and health of people living in nearby areas. There is a growing consensus on sustainable and efficient mineral development which will avoid the clash between economic and environmental interests. Deployment of advanced and sustainable technological solutions in the entire mining process, fixing the gaps in its regulatory mechanisms and learning from the successes of specific domestic and international mining operations are certain solutions that have the capacity this sector more productive. The paper provides insights into the problems of mining sector and possible solutions to overcome these problems. It also provides examples of certain best practices adopted by mining corporations for sustainable coal mining. The paper also explores various methods and technologies which can be adopted by Thermal Power Plants to reduce their emissions and simultaneously conserve environment. An empirical study of Dahanu Thermal Power Station located in state of Maharashtra of India has been undertaken for this purpose to study the modern technologies adopted by them to lower their emission levels.

scholarly journals The correlations of the particle size, calorific value, moisture- and ash content of waste derived fuel, and examination of its heavy metal content

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Csaba Leitol ◽  
Alexandra Győrfi ◽  
Tibor Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Biological Waste Treatment

Significant development has taken place in the field of waste management recently in the preparation of the energetic exploitation of recyclable, non-hazardous municipal solid waste. With mechanical-biological waste treatment, 35-40% of the weight of this waste can be made appropriate for energetic exploitation, mainly for co-incineration in cement factories and power plants. The recoverability of waste derived fuel produced in mechanical-biological waste treatment plants highly depends on the burning and combustion technological properties of the mixture, and on its compounds influencing burning and different emissions. Waste recovery facilities do not take over fuel below a specific calorific value and over a given heavy metal, halogen and pollutant content. In our research we were looking for correlations in the particle size, calorific value, moisture-, ash- and heavy metal content of waste derived fuel. On the basis of the measurement results, the connection between the particle size fractions and the fuel properties can clearly be stated. The fractions of smaller particle size have higher moisture-, ash- and heavy metal content, while the fractions of bigger particle size have higher calorific value.

scholarly journals Geological Reserve Estimation of Limestone Deposit: A Comparative Study Between ISDW and OK

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Manas K. Mallick ◽  
Bhanwar S. Choudhary ◽  
Gnananandh Budi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Method ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Reserve Estimation ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Grade Estimation ◽  
Planning Software ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
High Degree

Geostatistics plays an important role for reserve estimation in mining industry. Geostatistical tools became popular because of its high degree of accuracy and time saving process for estimation. The uncertainty of geological deposit can be populated by geo-statistical tools. The limestone ore deposit was studied in this paper. The assay value of individual constituents of limestone ore i.e CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 were determined for a block by using Inverse Square Distance Weighting (ISDW) method. The average assay value of those individual constituents were 45.85, 15.94, 1.56 and 0.82 percentage respectively. The assay value of CaO was also estimated by two linear method of estimation i.e ISDW and Ordinary Kriging (OK). The assay value of CaO were determined 45.85 and 44.67 percentage respectively. The assay values were properly validated and concluded accordingly. The application of ISDW and OK were implemented to build the resource model together in order to assess the uncertainty of the deposit. Grade estimation by using different geo-statistical techniques are done by SURPAC mine planning software.

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