scholarly journals Odor Emissions Factors for Bitumen-Related Production Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3700
Author(s):  
Enrico Davoli ◽  
Giancarlo Bianchi ◽  
Anna Bonura ◽  
Marzio Invernizzi ◽  
Selena Sironi
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Odor Concentration ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Odor Emission ◽  
Odor Emissions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

Bitumen-related production sites are facing increasing difficulties with nearby residents due to odor emissions. This parameter is still not regulated for these plants and little is known about the emissions that these plants have put into the atmosphere with the technologies available today. In this study, emission data from 47 Italian production plants were collected and analyzed to assess which values could describe the current situation in Italy. The results of the analysis showed that emissions are very variable, with odor concentration values between 200 to 37,000 ouE/m3, but data have a normal distribution. The mean value of the stack odor concentration was found to be 2424 ouE/m3. It was also possible to calculate emission factors of the plants, such as odor emission rate (OER), which represents the quantity of odor emitted per unit of time, and is expressed in odor units per second (ouE∙s−1) and odor emission factor (OEF) per ton of product, expressed in ouE/t. The values obtained were 7.1 × 104 ouE/s and 1.4 × 106 ouE/t. respectively. These data could provide a starting point for the definition of shared values among various stakeholders for the definition of regional guidelines for the emissions of these plants, in order to adjust available technologies towards emission parameters that are protective of the surrounding environment.

scholarly journals A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR PHYSICAL HEIGHTS IN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Luiz Albarici ◽  
Ismael Foroughi ◽  
Gabriel do Nascimento Guimarães ◽  
Marcelo Santos ◽  
Jorge Trabanco
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
South American ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Rigorous Definition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Orthometric Heights ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The physical heights definition of heights, proposed by Helmert in 1890 is one of the commonly used heights systems in practice. In Helmert’s definition, the mean value of gravity along plumbline is computed by simplifying the topography with a Bouguer shell containing masses with mean density value. Although this approximation might be accurate enough many purposes, a more rigorous definition can be determined by considering the effects of terrain, topographic mass density variation, and masses contained in the geoid the mean gravity value along the plumbline. The purpose of this paper is to compute the corrections for the Helmert’s definition of the orthometric heights to obtain the rigorous orthometric heights in the state of São Paulo and adjacent states and to evaluate these corrections. The heights system used in Brazil (until July 2018) and some South American countries is normal-orthometric heights, therefore the corrections needs to be applied accordingly. Our numerical results show that there are significant differences between the normal-orthometric and rigorous orthometric heights, with maximum values of ~ 0.4 m, minimum of ~ -0.8 m and mean value of ~ -0.32 m. There are larger differences between normal-orthometric and normal height than the ones between normal and rigorous definition of orthometric heights.

scholarly journals A New Conformable Fractional Derivative and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kajouni ◽  
Ahmed Chafiki ◽  
Khalid Hilal ◽  
Mohamed Oukessou
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Fractional Derivatives ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Conformable Fractional Derivative ◽  
First Order ◽  
Rolle’S Theorem ◽  
Power Rule ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

This paper is motivated by some papers treating the fractional derivatives. We introduce a new definition of fractional derivative which obeys classical properties including linearity, product rule, quotient rule, power rule, chain rule, Rolle’s theorem, and the mean value theorem. The definition D α f t = lim h ⟶ 0 f t + h e α − 1 t − f t / h , for all t > 0 , and α ∈ 0,1 . If α = 0 , this definition coincides to the classical definition of the first order of the function f .

The Mean Value Theorem of a New Kind of Fuzzy Integral

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
Cui Lian You ◽  
Huae Huo
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Fuzzy Integral ◽  
Riemann Integral ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

When calculating Liu integral, it is difficult to use the definition of Liu integral directly. As we know, the mean value theorem of integral is an important tool to calculate Riemann integral, inspired by this, the mean value theorem of a new kind of fuzzy integral was obtained in this paper.

scholarly journals Kondisi Terumbu Karang di Perairan Gili Gede, Sekotong Lombok Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Nurliah Buhari ◽  
Mahardika Rizqi Himawan ◽  
Edwin Jefri
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Depth Gauge ◽  
Line Intercept ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

Protection and sustainable data collection are very important in order to protect the coral reef ecosystem. This research was conducted to monitor and determine the condition of coral reefs in the eastern part of Gili Gede Island, which is administratively located in Sekotong Sub-District, West Lombok Regency, NTB. The method used is Line Intercept Transect (LIT). Furthermore, the starting point of the transect stretch is recorded using GPS coordinates and the depth gauge is used to estimate the depth of the water. The results showed that the status of coral reefs tended to be badly damaged with the mean value of all stations (21.92%). Fishery activities and pressure from the land are thought to be several factors that tend to affect the poor coastal ecosystem

Mathematical Knowledge and Pattern Cognition

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Resnik
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Value Theorem ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fundamental Theorem Of Arithmetic ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Do So

This paper is concerned with the genesis of mathematical knowledge. While some philosophers might argue that mathematics has no real subject matter and thus is not a body of knowledge, I will not try to dissuade them directly. (One might do so by developing a theory of meaning and truth, which together with observations from the sociology of mathematics would imply that mathematical knowledge exists. Mathematicians do seem to make knowledge claims, so all one needs is a theory which shows that here at least appearances are real.) I shall not attempt such a refutation because it seems clear to me that mathematicians do know such things as the Mean Value Theorem, The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Godel's Theorems, etc. Moreover, this is much more evident to me than any philosophical view of mathematics I know of — including my own. So I am going to take mathematics as my starting point.

scholarly journals Low Total Testosterone-Component of Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Prashant Goel ◽  
Amorin R. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background and aims: To assess the levels of total testosterone in the metabolic syndrome patients. Material and Methods: We included ninety-six patients in our study, forty-nine with metabolic syndrome according to the definition of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and forty-seven as control. Anthropometric measurements were registered and blood samples were taken after an overnight fast. Results: The mean values of different parameters showed significant differences between both groups. The total testosterone mean value was (338,97±91,2 ng/ml) substantially lower as compared to patients with metabolic syndrome to control group. Conclusion: There is an inverse relationship between total testosterone and metabolic syndrome. Low total testosterone can be a predictor of rising incidence of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Dual-Task Exercise Training on Gait, Balance and walking speed among Stroke patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Karpagam K ◽  
Sebastin Inigo A
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Stroke is a significant medical condition and the significant inception of baffling longstanding inability everywhere in the world. Enduring over 24 hours or causing demise and the reason must be of a vascular starting point to affirm the stroke diagnosis. So the present study aims to the effectiveness of Dual-Task Exercise Training on Gait, Balance and walking speed among Stroke patient at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. A quantitative approach with Pre-Experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design adopted to conduct the study among 30 antenatal mothers who were selected by non--probability purposive sampling technique. The semi-structured interview method was used to collect the demographical variables among stroke patient, and the patient’s balance and gait pattern were assessed by using the Tinetti Assessment Scale. The results of the study show that in the pre-test, the mean value is 17.7%, and the standard deviation is 3.333. And in post-test, the mean value is 19.866, and the standard deviation is 2.75. The mean difference between pre and post-test is 15.27. This study proves Effectiveness of Dual-Task Exercise Training on Gait, Balance and Walking speed among Stroke patient is effective method to prevent and to improve the Gait, Balance and Walking speed among stroke patient and also it helps the stroke patient to improve to the knowledge and to provide the better quality of life to stroke patient. 

A methodology for the modelling of the triggering of the vine flowering

OENO One ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
B. Besselat ◽  
Ghislaine Drouet ◽  
Bernard Palagos
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Actual Time ◽  
Thermal Requirement ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

<p style="text-align: justify;">The effect of temperature on the biological rythm of the vine is well known. Flowering is triggered when the thermal requirement is met, expressed in the form of an accumulation of daily temperature over a given threshold as from a precise date. The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for the modelling of the triggering of flowering, that has since been applied in 5 vineyards, enabling the definition of the most suitable model for each site. This work can easily be transferred to other vineyards by the development of a computerized tool. These results confirm the value of the « thermal requirement » approach, from which the following comments can be drawn :</p><p style="text-align: justify;">- it is better to take account of the maximum rather than of the mean temperatures;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">- given the level of the « effective » thresholds, the bud-burst stage is not always the best starting point. In certain cases, the models are better adjusted with a fixed date;</p><p style="text-align: justify;">- the variability in thermal requirements can almost always be explained by an adaptation of the vine to the climate, even if occasionally the influence of climatic conditions at the actual time of flowering can perturb this effect. Such cases, however, occur relatively infrequently.</p>

Assessment of cancer pain

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19500-19500
Author(s):  
A. F. Dugas ◽  
B. A. Murphy ◽  
N. Wells ◽  
M. S. Dietrich ◽  
K. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

19500 Background: This study investigates: 1) The concordance between patients and staffs’ standard use of the numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain, in which 1–4 is mild pain, 5–6 is moderate and 7 and above is severe; 2) The relative importance of functional impairment secondary to pain in patients’ pain ratings. Methods: Patients with cancer and current or previous pain (N=178) were asked to complete a fifteen minute interview with open-ended questions about their perception of pain. Results: When asked to define mild, moderate and severe pain according to the NRS, 65% of patients gave numbers that did not meet standard definitions as noted above. When asked to define mild, moderate and severe pain in general, 38% differentiated severity of pain based on its impact on their ability to fulfill activities of daily living (ADLs) and 39% differentiated it based on their emotional reactions. When asked to define tolerable pain, 28% described it in terms of its impact on ADLs, while 30% described it in terms of the NRS. For those patients who used a NRS, the mean value for tolerable pain was 4.9 (range 2–8) and the mean value for intolerable pain was 8.1 (range 5–10). 26% of patients defined satisfactory pain control based its impact on ADLs while only 2% defined it according to a NRS. 68% of patients reported that pain interfered with their ADLs, however only 33% reported that pain medication interfered. Conclusions: There is discordance between the standard definition of the NRS and patient perceptions of it, suggesting it should be supplemented by other types of pain assessment. Based on NRS, patients tolerate higher levels of pain than expected. Patient satisfaction with pain control is more dependent upon ability to complete ADLs than on a numerical rating of pain. Therefore, patients’ ability to function at an acceptable level should be part of the standard pain assessment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

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