scholarly journals Transformative Use of Additive Technology in Design and Manufacture of Hydraulic Actuator for Fly-by-Wire System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Warzocha ◽  
Jerzy Szura ◽  
Piotr Bąk ◽  
Paweł Rzucidło ◽  
Tomasz Rogalski
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Aircraft Flight Control ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Goodman Diagram ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the results of research on additively manufactured aerospace parts made of maraging steel are presented. This state-of-the-art technology seems to have the highest potential for practical use in the field of ultra-light and high-performance aerospace hydraulic parts. The strength properties of representative specimens made with steel 1.2709 were investigated. The researchers conducted static tensile testing, fatigue tensile testing, and pressure impulse testing. A Goodman diagram was plotted to visualize the impact of the building orientation vs. load character on the fatigue strength of the additive manufacturing (AM) specimens. Based on the research carried out on the strength of the AM samples, an aircraft flight control actuator was designed to achieve the highest level of safety integrity along with the greatest simplicity and lowest weight relative to hydraulic actuators manufactured using classical methods. The entire design process was integrated with the manufacturing process to achieve this target.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Organic Fillers on Selected Properties of Organosilicon Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Sara Sarraj ◽  
Małgorzata Szymiczek ◽  
Tomasz Machoczek ◽  
Maciej Mrówka
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Pistachio Shell ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
The Impact

Eco-friendly composites are proposed to substitute commonly available polymers. Currently, wood–plastic composites and natural fiber-reinforced composites are gaining growing recognition in the industry, being mostly on the thermoplastic matrix. However, little data are available about the possibility of producing biocomposites on a silicone matrix. This study focused on assessing selected organic fillers’ impact (ground coffee waste (GCW), walnut shell (WS), brewers’ spent grains (BSG), pistachio shell (PS), and chestnut (CH)) on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of silicone-based materials. Density, hardness, rebound resilience, and static tensile strength of the obtained composites were tested, as well as the effect of accelerated aging under artificial seawater conditions. The results revealed changes in the material’s properties (minimal density changes, hardness variation, overall decreasing resilience, and decreased tensile strength properties). The aging test revealed certain bioactivities of the obtained composites. The degree of material degradation was assessed on the basis of the strength characteristics and visual observation. The investigation carried out indicated the impact of the filler’s type, chemical composition, and grain size on the obtained materials’ properties and shed light on the possibility of acquiring ecological silicone-based materials.

scholarly journals Technological aspects of cased wells construction with cyclical-flow transportation of rock

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 610-616
Author(s):  
Andrei KONDRATENKO
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Casing Pipe ◽  
The Impact

A high-performance technology for constructing cased wells is proposed. Essence of the technology is the advance insertion of the casing pipe into the sedimentary rock mass and the cyclical-flow transportation of the soil rock portions using the compressed air pressure supplied to the open bottomhole end of the pipe through a separate line. Results of mathematical modeling for the process of impact insertion of a hollow pipe into a soil mass in horizontal and vertical settings are considered. Modeling of the technology is implemented by the finite element method in the ANSYS Mechanical software. Parameters of the pipe insertion in the sedimentary rock mass are determined - value of the cleaning step and the impact energy required to insert the pipe at a given depth. Calculations were performed for pipes with a diameter from 325 to 730 mm. Insertion coefficient is introduced, which characterizes the resistance of rocks to destruction during the dynamic penetration of the casing pipe in one impact blow of the pneumatic hammer. An overview of the prospects for the application of the proposed technology in geological exploration, when conducting horizontal wells of a small cross-section using a trenchless method of construction and borehole methods of mining, is presented. A variant of using the technology for determining the strength properties of rocks is proposed. Some features of the technology application at industrial facilities of the construction and mining industry are considered: for trenchless laying of underground utilities and for installing starting conductors when constructing degassing wells from the surface in coal deposits. Results of a technical and economic assessment of the proposed technology efficiency when installing starting conductors in sedimentary rocks at mining allotments of coal mines are presented.

scholarly journals A practical method to account for seal friction in aircraft hydraulic actuator preliminary design

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Craig P Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Estimation ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Hydraulic Actuators ◽  
Force Calculation

Seals are used in hydraulic actuators or any other hydraulic devices to prevent passing of hydraulic fluid from one chamber to another, or to prevent external leakage and entry of any foreign contaminants. The primary function of any hydraulic actuator is to efficiently use hydraulic power to drive a load experienced during movement of control surfaces or movable aircraft structure. Efficient sealing helps in achieving this, but with its own friction which should be as minimal as possible. Thus, the estimation of seal friction force has crucial significance in hydraulic actuators, especially in flight control actuators that demand high performance and dynamic behavior characteristics while efficiently driving the load. This paper details the methodology adopted for theoretical estimation of total seal friction force of actuator as well as description of experimental test set-up and test method followed to record the total friction value at different positions of the actuator. The theoretical estimation was done using empirical formulae and graphs for predicting seal friction force by considering the effects of seal squeeze, hydraulic pressure, seal dimensions, seal material and then interpolating the same for the specific type of seals used. An experimental study is also presented in this paper, which can be conducted to validate the theoretically estimated value after building up of development prototypes. The validation is necessary as seal friction force calculation during design phase is an approximation and accurate friction of every seal is difficult to measure as it depends on a number of parameters. Thus, this paper explains the subject issue with the help of a case study which provides the theoretical estimation as well as its validation through an experiment to study this significant aspect of a hydraulic actuator design.

scholarly journals Control design and state of the art for fly-by-wire systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. J. Lahey
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Design ◽  
The State ◽  
General Level ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Servo Valve ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Aircraft Flight Control ◽  
Hydraulic Servo

The report discusses the design and operation of electro-hydraulic servo-valves, illustrates a basic contol implementation design for an electro-hydraulic servo-valve controlled hydraulic actuator [for aircraft flight control actuation] and provides a survey of the state of the art of flight control of aircraft using fly-by-wire (FBW) architecture. The electro-hydraulic servo-valve figures prominently in typical FBW implementations and is an essential part of a modern aircraft flight control system. The scope of this report represents a large area of research, presented at a general level, and serves as a general summary of technologies and considerations for modern aircraft control. Fly-by-wire provides many advantages over traditional forms of aircraft flight control, and it represents both the state of the art in this area and also the future of almost all civilian and military aircraft flight control. The architecture, characteristics and control design relating to electro-hydraulic servo-valve controlled actuators is discussed in the report. The application of such actuators to fly-by-wire implementation is discussed in some depth, and the process by which fly-by-wire systems are developed is discussed.

scholarly journals A Model Matching STR Controller for High Performance Aircraft

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adel A. Ghandakly ◽  
Jason A. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Model Matching ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Aircraft Flight Control ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
High Performance Aircraft

This paper presents a development, as well as an investigation of a Model Matching Controller (MMC) design based on the Self-Tuning Regulator (STR) framework for high performance aircraft with direct application to an F-16 aircraft flight control system. In combination with the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) identification, the MMC is developed and investigated for effectiveness on a detailed model of the aircraft. The popular robust Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) controller is also outlined and used to represent a baseline controller, for performance comparison during four simulated test flight maneuvers. In each of the four maneuvers, the proposed MMC provided consistently stable and satisfactory performance, including the challenging pull-up and pushover maneuvers. The baseline stationary controller has been found to become unstable in two of the four maneuvers tested. It also performs satisfactorily-to-arguably poorly in the remaining two as compared to the MMC. Simulation results presented in this investigation support a clear argument that the proposed MMC provides superior performance in the realm of automatic flight control.

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the high performance blends of PEEK/PEI

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Raghvendra K. Mishra ◽  
Tandra Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyether imide (PEI) blends were made by melt blending using a twin-screw extruder. The blends were characterized by mechanical testing, thermal, rheological and morphological studies. Predictive models were used to explain the tensile modulus and strength properties. The impact strength increases when percentage of the PEI increases in composite. This has been analyzed on the basis of the interphase adhesion. Tensile and flexural strength also increased with increase in the PEI content. Incorporation of PEI increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) and facilitates its processing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the phase structure. These experimental findings are in agreement with predictive models based on the rule of mixture and the Nicolais-Narkis model. Multi quadric radial basis function (MQRBF) was applied to study the static and dynamic response of the PEEK/PEI blend plate at uniformly distributed load. The present results were compared with numerical and analytical results.

scholarly journals Control design and state of the art for fly-by-wire systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. J. Lahey
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Design ◽  
The State ◽  
General Level ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Servo Valve ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Aircraft Flight Control ◽  
Hydraulic Servo

The report discusses the design and operation of electro-hydraulic servo-valves, illustrates a basic contol implementation design for an electro-hydraulic servo-valve controlled hydraulic actuator [for aircraft flight control actuation] and provides a survey of the state of the art of flight control of aircraft using fly-by-wire (FBW) architecture. The electro-hydraulic servo-valve figures prominently in typical FBW implementations and is an essential part of a modern aircraft flight control system. The scope of this report represents a large area of research, presented at a general level, and serves as a general summary of technologies and considerations for modern aircraft control. Fly-by-wire provides many advantages over traditional forms of aircraft flight control, and it represents both the state of the art in this area and also the future of almost all civilian and military aircraft flight control. The architecture, characteristics and control design relating to electro-hydraulic servo-valve controlled actuators is discussed in the report. The application of such actuators to fly-by-wire implementation is discussed in some depth, and the process by which fly-by-wire systems are developed is discussed.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

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