scholarly journals Influence of Biopreparations on Soil and Crop Residue Properties, Traction Force of Machines in Shallow Tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6018
Author(s):  
Kristina Lekavičienė ◽  
Vilma Naujokienė ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Positive Effect

Solving traction force and energy consumption problem in crop production, the use of strategically selected bioproducts can change the physical properties of the soil and influence changes in the traction force during tillage technological operations. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of different biopreparations on the physical properties of the soil, winter wheat residues and the machine traction force during shallow tillage. In spring, after the resumption of winter wheat vegetation, seven different biopreparations and their mixtures were used. In autumn, after the harvest, studies of plant residues and soil porosity and density were performed prior to shallow tillage. The traction force of the tractor when working the soil shallowly was determined at 3 driving velocities—8, 10 and 12 km h−1. Research has shown a positive effect of biopreparations on the total porosity, density, and traction force of the machine. However, biopreparations did not significantly affect the cutting force of winter wheat residues. Biopreparations can reduce the traction force in shallow tillage due positive changes soil properties.

scholarly journals Soil Bio-Impact Effectiveness for the Optimal Multicriterial Environmental Sustainability in Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Vilma Naujokienė ◽  
Daiva Rimkuvienė ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Multicriteria Assessment

Different bio-impacts affect the various properties and composition of soil, plant residues, harvests, and technological processes, as well as the interactions between different parts of the soil, working machine tools, energy consumption and environmental pollution with harmful gases. To summarize the wide-coverage investigations of various aspects of different bio-impact parameters, a multicriteria evaluation was conducted. Experimental research shows that different bioeffects such as those of agricultural practices can be oriented towards a reduction in fuel consumption, followed by reductions in CO2 emissions from machinery and changes in soil properties, dynamics of composition, yield and other parameters. A multicriteria assessment of the essential parameters would give farmers new opportunities to choose one optimal decision for reducing fuel consumption and increasing agricultural production, thereby reducing the negative environmental impact of soil cultivation processes, increasing yields and improving soil. Of all the properties investigated, from a practical point of view, the selection of the most important of all the essential links, such as reducing energy and expenditure, reducing environmental pollution, improving soil, and increasing yields and productivity, is reasonable. The evaluation of the bio-impact effects in agriculture by accounting for many criteria from several aspects was the main objective of the multicriteria assessment using the analytic hierarchy process. Based on the results of a multivariable research of fuel consumption—C1, C2, yield—C3, CO2 from soil—C4, density—C5, total porosity—C6, humus—C7, soil stability—C8, and soil moisture content—C9, the evaluation used experimental research data and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) mathematical method to find the best-case scenario. Multicriteria effectiveness was most pronounced after the first and third soil bio-impacts by using a solution of essential oils of plants, 40 species of various herbs extracts, marine algae extracts, mineral oils, Azospirillum sp. (N), Frateuria aurentia (K), Bacillus megaterium (P), seaweed extract. The most important goal was to achieve the best soil bio-impact effectiveness—minimized energy consumption from ploughing and disc harrowing operations, parallelly minimized harmful emissions from agricultural machinery, minimized CO2 from soil, soil density, maximized soil total porosity, soil humus, soil stability, yield and optimized soil moisture.

scholarly journals Influence of different tillage systems on soil physical properties and crop yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Husnjak ◽  
D. Filipović ◽  
S. Košutić
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Air Capacity

An experiment with five different tillage systems and their influence on physical properties of a silty loam soil (Albic Luvisol) was carried in northwest Slavonia in the period of 1997–2000. The compared tillage systems were: 1. conventional tillage (CT), 2. reduced tillage (RT), 3. conservation tillage I (CP), 4. conservation tillage II (CM), 5. no-tillage system (NT). The crop rotation was soybean (Glycine max L.) – winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – soybean – winter wheat. Differences between tillage systems in bulk density, total porosity, and water holding capacity and air capacity were not significant in winter wheat seasons. In soybean seasons, significant differences between some tillage systems were recorded in bulk density, total porosity, air capacity and soil moisture. The deterioration trend of physical properties was generally increasing in the order CM, CT, CP, NT and RT. The highest yield of soybean in the first experimental year was achieved under CT system and the lowest under CP system. In all other experimental years, the highest yield of winter wheat and soybean was achieved under CM system, while the lowest under RT system.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIKA TANAH ULTISOL AKIBAT PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR BERBAHAN BAKU SISA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Supriadi Supriadi ◽  
Fitra Sawal Harahap ◽  
Makruf Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Palm Frond

The physical characteristics of ultisols due to the provision of biochar made from palm oil plant residue aims to determine the effect of giving various biochar made from oil palm plant residues on the physical properties of Ultisols. The research design used completely randomized design, consisting of 5 treatments, namely K = without giving biochar, BB = oil palm stem biochar, BP = oil palm frond biochar, BT = oil palm empty bunches biochar and BK = combination of biochar ingredients. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, so that the number of experimental units became 20 units. The parameters observed included soil density, soil porosity, soil texture, soil permeability and available water. The results showed that giving biochar significantly decreased the bulk weight and significantly increased the soil porosity of Ultisols.Key words : biochar, oil palm wastes, physical properties of soil and ultisol

scholarly journals Implications of agricultural management on the epigeic fauna and soil physical properties of a clayey Oxisol

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane Martins da Costa ◽  
Marta Sandra Drescher
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT The intensive use of land based on non-conservation practices contributes to the reduction of soil quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of farming systems on clayey Oxisol in the northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul on the epigeic fauna and on the soil physical properties. The treatments were composed of land use with Native field, Pasture, Transition, Crop and livestock integration, No-tillage and No-tillage system. The epigeic fauna was evaluated by the installation of seven traps per treatment. The physical properties of density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and soil resistance to penetration were evaluated in samples with undisturbed structure at the 0- 0.07, 0.07-0.15 and 0.15- 0.22m depths, with four replicates. The results indicated that land use only for crop production reduced the abundance of organisms in comparison to the crop-livestock integration. The conversion of the Pampa Biome to the crop system altered its soil physical and biological properties with the transition area presenting intermediate characteristics to both environments. Grazing in the remaining areas of the Pampa Biome, without native field improvement strategies, reduced species abundance and richness. No-tillage and No-tillage system promoted the compaction of the 0.07 -0.15 m layer in a clayey Oxisol.

scholarly journals Ferralsol Porosity and Density After Mechanical Scarification and Crop Rotation Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
Edleusa P. Seidel ◽  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
Rayssa H. da Silva ◽  
Willian dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Lower Bulk Density

With intensive cultivation and the lack of crop rotation, the no-tillage system has been showing compacted areas. For its reduction, mechanical scarification and crop rotation has been recommended. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate in a no-tillage system the effect of mechanical scarification and crop rotation systems on soil porosity and density after 18 months. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The main plots consisted of maintaining the no-tillage system and minimal soil preparation with a chisel, carried out before the cultivation of cover plants. The subplots were composed of different plant species grown in winter: wheat, consortium of forage pea + black oat and consortium of black oat + forage turnip. Both were succeeded by cultivation of soy and lupin. Macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and bulk density were evaluated. After 18 months, the scarified soil showed a higher bulk density (0.10-0.15 m layer) when compared to the no-tillage system, demonstrating that this isolated decompression alternative does not improve the physical properties of the soil. The area in succession to oat + turnip/soybean/lupin showed lower bulk density.

scholarly journals Effect of Placement Method of Crop Residue and Irrigation on Soil Physical Properties and Plant Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Dwl Putro Tejo Baskoro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Wet Condition

A proper management of crop residue can increase crop production since it plays an important role on increasingwater availability. The effect of crop residue application on soil productivity depends on many factors. In this research. theeffect of placement of crop residue and irrigation on soil physical properties and crop production were examined under field condition on dry season. The result showed that crop residue placement had no significant effect on all parameters of measured soil physical properties both under dry condition (no irrigation) and wet condition (with irrigation). The effects ofcrop residue placements on maize growth were also not significant. Nevertheless there was a tendency that surface application produced higher biomass than buried application. On grain yield, however. the effect of crop residue placement was significant. especially under dry condition with no water applied Surface application of crop residues produced higher grain yield than buried application.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Consumption during Plowing Using a Motor-Block with Moldboard Plow

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-427
Author(s):  
Vladimir F. Kupryashkin ◽  
Aleksandr S. Ulanov ◽  
Nikolay I. Naumkin ◽  
Anatoliy V. Bezrukov ◽  
Michail G. Shlyapnikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Introduction. Plowing the soil is a major operation in the cultivation of crops. It is one of the most labor-intensive operations in crop production, accounting for about 40 % of all energy costs. Most of these costs fall on consumed power, ensuring the effective functioning of the motor-block unit with a moldboard plow. Therefore, estimation of power consumed by motor-blocks is the urgent task. Materials and Methods. To solve the problem of determining the energy characteristics of the motor-block unit during plowing, a theoretical analysis was carried out, including values of torque, traction force on running wheels, resistance during their rolling and resistance force at the jointers-depleted plow, with the account for the geometry of the plowing unit based on the motor-block. Dependences of power consumption and specific energy consumption were obtained using the method described below. Results.As a result of our analysis of the power balance, we obtained dependences to find power consumption, as well as the specific energy intensity of plowing the soil with a motor-moldboard plow, which allowed for energy assessment of the functioning of the agricultural unit. Discussion and Conclusion. On the basis of these dependences of the required power and specific energy consumption, taking into account experimental data on interaction of the plow with the soil, design parameters and technological modes of operation of the agricultural unit consisting of motor unit Neva MB-2S-7,5 Pro and plow P1-20/3, were obtained to facilitate the choice of optimal modes of their functioning.

scholarly journals Optimization of Topdressing for Winter Wheat by Accurate Growth Monitoring and Improved Production Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Jingchun Ji ◽  
Jianli Liu ◽  
Jingjing Chen ◽  
Yujie Niu ◽  
Kefan Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
N Use

Topdressing accounts for approximately 40% of the total nitrogen (N) application of winter wheat on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China. However, N use efficiency of topdressing is low due to the inadaptable topdressing method used by local farmers. To improve the N use efficiency of winter wheat, an optimization method for topdressing (THP) is proposed that uses unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing to accurately acquire the growth status and an improved model for growth potential estimation and optimization of N fertilizer amount for topdressing (NFT). The method was validated and compared with three other methods by a field experiment: the conventional local farmer’s method (TLF), a nitrogen fertilization optimization algorithm (NFOA) proposed by Raun and Lukina (TRL) and a simplification introduced by Li and Zhang (TLZ). It shows that when insufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the proposed method provided as much NFT as the TLF method, i.e., 25.05% or 11.88% more than the TRL and TLZ methods and increased the yields by 4.62% or 2.27%, respectively; and when sufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the THP method followed the TRL and TLZ methods to reduce NFT but maintained as much yield as the TLF method with a decrease of NFT by 4.20%. The results prove that THP could enhance crop production under insufficient N preceding conditions by prescribing more fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by lowering the fertilizer amount when enough basal fertilizer is provided.

scholarly journals Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate, loamy soils

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Hiel ◽  
Sophie Barbieux ◽  
Jérôme Pierreux ◽  
Claire Olivier ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
The Impact

Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.

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