scholarly journals Prospects for the Development of High Energy Density Dielectric Capacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8063
Author(s):  
Andrew Burke
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Effective Dielectric Constant ◽  
High Dielectric ◽  
Very High

In this paper, the design of high energy density dielectric capacitors for energy storage in vehicle, industrial, and electric utility applications have been considered in detail. The performance of these devices depends primarily on the dielectric constant and breakdown strength characteristics of the dielectric material used. A review of the literature on composite polymer materials to assess their present dielectric constants and the various approaches being pursued to increase energy density found that there are many papers in which materials having dielectric constants of 20–50 were reported, but only a few showing materials with very high dielectric constants of 500 and greater. The very high dielectric constants were usually achieved with nanoscale metallic or carbon particles embedded in a host polymer and the maximum dielectric constant occurred near the percolation threshold particle loading. In this study, an analytical method to calculate the dielectric constant of composite dielectric polymers with various types of nanoparticles embedded is presented. The method was applied using an Excel spreadsheet to calculate the characteristics of spiral wound battery cells using various composite polymers with embedded particles. The calculated energy densities were strong functions of the size of the particles and thickness of the dielectric layer in the cell. For a 1000 V cell, an energy density of 100–200 Wh/kg was calculated for 3–5 nm particles and 3–5 µ thick dielectric layers. The results of this study indicate that dielectric materials with an effective dielectric constant of 500–1000 are needed to develop dielectric capacitor cells with battery-like energy density. The breakdown strength would be 300–400 V/µ in a reverse sandwich multilayer dielectric arrangement. The leakage current of the cell would be determined from appropriate DC testing. These high energy density dielectric capacitors are very different from electrochemical capacitors that utilize conducting polymers and liquid electrolytes and are constructed much like batteries. The dielectric capacitors have a very high cell voltage and are constructed like conventional ceramic capacitors.

Enhanced dielectric properties and thermostability in polyimide composites with core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832199352
Author(s):  
Wei Deng ◽  
Guanguan Ren ◽  
Wenqi Wang ◽  
Weiwei Cui ◽  
Wenjun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amic Acid ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Core Shell

Polymer composites with high dielectric constant and thermal stability have shown great potential applications in the fields relating to the energy storage. Herein, core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 (PI@BT) nanoparticles were fabricated via in-situ polymerization of poly(amic acid) (PAA) and the following thermal imidization, then utilized as fillers to prepare PI composites. Increased dielectric constant with suppressed dielectric loss, and enhanced energy density as well as heat resistance were simultaneously realized due to the presence of PI shell between BT nanoparticles and PI matrix. The dielectric constant of PI@BT/PI composites with 55 wt% fillers increased to 15.0 at 100 Hz, while the dielectric loss kept at low value of 0.0034, companied by a high energy density of 1.32 J·cm−3, which was 2.09 times higher than the pristine PI. Moreover, the temperature at 10 wt% weight loss reached 619°C, demonstrating the excellent thermostability of PI@BT/PI composites. In addition, PI@BT/PI composites exhibited improved breakdown strength and toughness as compared with the BT/PI composites due to the well dispersion of PI@BT nanofillers and the improved interfacial interactions between nanofillers and polymer matrix. These results provide useful information for the structural design of high-temperature dielectric materials.

Flexible BaTiO3/PVDF gradated multilayer nanocomposite film with enhanced dielectric strength and high energy density

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 9740-9747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. Hao ◽  
X. H. Wang ◽  
S. O'Brien ◽  
J. Lombardi ◽  
L. T. Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
High Dielectric ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Discharged Energy Density

BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposite films with high flexibility and gradated BaTiO3 distribution structure are fabricated. These films show high dielectric constants of 20–25, a maximal discharged energy density value of 19.37 J cm−3 and dielectric breakdown strengths of up to 495 kV mm−1.

scholarly journals Polymer Nanocomposites with High Energy Density Utilizing Oriented Nanosheets and High-Dielectric-Constant Nanoparticles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4780
Author(s):  
Yushu Li ◽  
Yao Zhou ◽  
Sang Cheng ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Jinliang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
High Dielectric Constant ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Capacitive Energy Storage ◽  
High Dielectric

The development of high-energy-density electrostatic capacitors is critical to addressing the growing electricity need. Currently, the widely studied dielectric materials are polymer nanocomposites incorporated with high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles. However, the introduction of high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles can cause local electric field distortion and high leakage current, which limits the improvement in energy density. In this work, on the basis of conventional polymer nanocomposites containing high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles, oriented boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are introduced as an extra filler phase. By changing the volume ratios of barium titanate (BT) and BNNSs, the dielectric property of polymer nanocomposites is adjusted, and thus the capacitive energy storage performance is optimized. Experimental results prove that the oriented BNNSs can suppress the propagation of charge carriers and decrease the conduction loss. Using poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) as the polymer matrix, the P(VDF-HFP)/BNNS/BT nanocomposite has a higher discharged energy density compared with the conventional nanocomposite with the freely dispersed BT nanoparticles.

Polar-fluoropolymer Blends for High Energy Density Low Loss Capacitor Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wu ◽  
Minren Lin ◽  
David S-G. Lu ◽  
Qiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Dielectric Performance ◽  
High Dielectric

ABSTRACTBesides energy density, the electric loss at high electric fields is another major concern for many capacitor applications. This paper presents recent works in developing high energy density low loss polymer capacitors. In order to reduce the dielectric loss while maintaining high energy density in poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP) and P(VDF-CTFE) (CTFE: Chlorotrifluoroethylene) based polymers, a polymer blend approach was investigated. We show that by blending P(VDF-CTFE) with a proper low loss polymer such as poly(ethylene- chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) can lead to marked improvement in the loss of dielectric films. In this study, P(VDF-CTFE) blends films with different wt% of ECTFE have been examined to find a balance between dielectric constant and the loss. In addition, crosslink in the blends has been employed to further improve the dielectric performance of the blends. The results indicate that these blends exhibit an excellent performance: relatively high dielectric constant (~ 6~7) and low loss (~ 0.01) at 1 kHz. For the crosslink blend films, the high field loss is reduced to below 5% with a discharged energy density 4.3 J/cm3 under a field of 300 MV/m.

scholarly journals Development of Lead-Free Nanowire Composites for Energy Storage Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Mendoza ◽  
Md Ashiqur Rahaman Khan ◽  
Mohammad Arif Ishtiaque Shuvo ◽  
Alberto Guerrero ◽  
Yirong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
High Dielectric

There is an increasing demand to improve the energy density of dielectric capacitors for satisfying the next generation material systems. One effective approach is to embed high dielectric constant inclusions such as lead zirconia titanate in polymer matrix. However, with the increasing concerns on environmental safety and biocompatibility, the need to expel lead (Pb) from modern electronics has been receiving more attention. Using high aspect ratio dielectric inclusions such as nanowires could lead to further enhancement of energy density. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of a lead-free nanowire reinforced polymer matrix capacitor for energy storage application. Lead-free sodium niobate nanowires (NaNbO3) were synthesized using hydrothermal method, followed by mixing them with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix using a solution-casting method for nanocomposites fabrication. Capacitance and breakdown strength of the samples were measured to determine the energy density. The energy density of NaNbO3/PVDF composites was also compared with that of lead-containing (PbTiO3/PVDF) nanocomposites and previously developed Pb()O3/PVDF composites to show the feasibility of replacing lead-containing materials. The energy density of NaNbO3/PVDF capacitor is comparable to those of lead-containing ones, indicating the possibility of expelling lead from high-energy density dielectric capacitors.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Polymer-Grafted Low-K and High-K Nanoparticles for Dielectric and Electronic Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2942
Author(s):  
Bhausaheb V. Tawade ◽  
Ikeoluwa E. Apata ◽  
Nihar Pradhan ◽  
Alamgir Karim ◽  
Dharmaraj Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Grafted Nanoparticles ◽  
Grafting From

The synthesis of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) or hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) by tethering of polymer chains to the surface of nanoparticles is an important technique to obtain nanostructured hybrid materials that have been widely used in the formulation of advanced polymer nanocomposites. Ceramic-based polymer nanocomposites integrate key attributes of polymer and ceramic nanomaterial to improve the dielectric properties such as breakdown strength, energy density and dielectric loss. This review describes the ”grafting from” and ”grafting to” approaches commonly adopted to graft polymer chains on NPs pertaining to nano-dielectrics. The article also covers various surface initiated controlled radical polymerization techniques, along with templated approaches for grafting of polymer chains onto SiO2, TiO2, BaTiO3, and Al2O3 nanomaterials. As a look towards applications, an outlook on high-performance polymer nanocomposite capacitors for the design of high energy density pulsed power thin-film capacitors is also presented.

scholarly journals Glycerolized Li+ Ion Conducting Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage EDLC Device Applications with Relatively High Energy Density

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. F. M. Asnawi ◽  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽  
Mohamad A. Brza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
High Dielectric

In this study, the solution casting method was employed to prepare plasticized polymer electrolytes of chitosan (CS):LiCO2CH3:Glycerol with electrochemical stability (1.8 V). The electrolyte studied in this current work could be established as new materials in the fabrication of EDLC with high specific capacitance and energy density. The system with high dielectric constant was also associated with high DC conductivity (5.19 × 10−4 S/cm). The increase of the amorphous phase upon the addition of glycerol was observed from XRD results. The main charge carrier in the polymer electrolyte was ion as tel (0.044) < tion (0.956). Cyclic voltammetry presented an almost rectangular plot with the absence of a Faradaic peak. Specific capacitance was found to be dependent on the scan rate used. The efficiency of the EDLC was observed to remain constant at 98.8% to 99.5% up to 700 cycles, portraying an excellent cyclability. High values of specific capacitance, energy density, and power density were achieved, such as 132.8 F/g, 18.4 Wh/kg, and 2591 W/kg, respectively. The low equivalent series resistance (ESR) indicated that the EDLC possessed good electrolyte/electrode contact. It was discovered that the power density of the EDLC was affected by ESR.

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