scholarly journals Assessment of the Robustness of a Color Monitoring Chart Calibration Method for Crowdsourcing-Based Preventive Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10067
Author(s):  
Miguel Antonio Barbero-Álvarez ◽  
José Manuel Menéndez ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodrigo ◽  
Blanca Ramírez-Barat ◽  
Emilio Cano
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Color Chart ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Suitable Material

Monitoring environmental factors such as pollutants, relative humidity, light, etc. is needed to ensure a proper preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Since existing systems are expensive and difficult to maintain, we propose as a sustainable alternative the use crowdsourced photographs taken by visitors using their cell phones. These images of a tailor made panel, including sensitive materials and a calibration color chart, are calibrated and colorimetric information extracted from them. The aim of this paper is assessing the robustness of the color chart and the calibration method used, and evaluating how the ageing of the materials of the chart can affect the accuracy of the calibration process. A choice is made between four candidate materials and a set of industrial inks. Several tests have been performed and mathematical metrics extracted, so the most suitable material is adequately selected. It has been checked how the image calibration process, employed for homogenizing information from the crowdsourced pictures, performs with real-life materials and colors to assess the possible degradation that may happen. This work is a part of a bigger project with the aim of building a crowdsourcing-based monitoring system for preventive conservation of cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Evolution of the viscoelastic properties of painting stratigraphies: a moisture weathering and nanoindentation approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Tiennot ◽  
Davide Iannuzzi ◽  
Erma Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Viscoelastic Behaviour ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Paint Films ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this investigation on the mechanical behaviour of paint films, we use a new ferrule-top nanoindentation protocol developed for cultural heritage studies to examine the impact of repeated relative humidity variations on the viscoelastic behaviour of paint films and their mechanical properties in different paint stratigraphies through the changes in their storage and loss moduli. We show that the moisture weathering impact on the micromechanics varies for each of these pigment-oil systems. Data from the nanoindentation protocol provide new insights into the evolution of the viscoelastic properties dsue to the impact of moisture weathering on paint films.

scholarly journals Exposure Assessment of Airborne Bacteria Emitted from Swine Manure Composting Plant

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Ki-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Rotary Type

This study was performed to investigate the distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria emitted from swine manure composting plants. The types of swine manure composting plants selected for the survey in this study were as follows: screw type, rotary type, and natural dry type. Mean levels of airborne bacteria in swine manure composting plants were 7428 (±1024) CFU m−3 for the screw type, 3246 (±1407) CFU m−3 for the rotary type, and 5232 (±1217) CFU m−3 for the natural dry type, respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, the swine manure composting plant operated by screw type showed the highest concentration of airborne bacteria, followed by the natural dry type and rotary type. The monthly concentration of airborne bacteria was the highest in August and the lowest in November, regardless of the type of swine manure composting plant. The respirable size of airborne bacteria accounted for about 50% of the total. The ratio of respirable to the total quantity of airborne bacteria was 50%. The correlation relationships between airborne bacteria and environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, particulate matters, and odor) were not found to be significant in the swine manure composting plants. The predominant genera of airborne bacteria identified were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia(E-coli) spp., Enterococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae spp.

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON GROWING HYDROPONICS MAIZE FODDER USING LOW-COST GREENHOUSE CULTIVATING UNIT FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Adamu, B. ◽  
Abdullahi, S. ◽  
Saidu, S. G ◽  
Yustus Sunday Francis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Production System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Near Future

The term 'Hydroponics' was derived from Greek words 'hydro' means water and 'ponics' means labor. Hydroponic is a modern agricultural technique that uses nutrient solution rather than soil solution for fodder production. As population increases the food demand also increased, the existing system of agriculture will not be able to meet the food requirement in the near future due to environmental challenges in the industry. The major environmental factors affecting the hydroponics production system are; Temperature, relative humidity, and light. The objectives of this studies are to examine the hydroponics greenhouse technologies, impact of environmental factors on hydroponics greenhouse cultivation and challenges of growing on hydroponics greenhouse system. This study revealed that hydroponics greenhouse cultivation is a better option for improved fodder production, water utilization, palatability and digestibility.

scholarly journals Droplet and Aerosol Suspension Times in Ambient Air in Confined Spaces and Transmission of COVID-19: Influence of Environmental Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-506
Author(s):  
M. R. Islam ◽  
S. H. Naqib
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Aerosol Droplet ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The COVID‑19 pandemic, alternatively known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an unfolding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) across the entire globe in an unprecedented proportion. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The mode of transmission of COVID-19 is a subject of intense research. The airborne transmission is one prime possibility. Breathing and talking are natural processes which generate exhaled particles. The exhaled air is an aerosol/droplet composed of naturally produced particulates of varying size. The duration over which the aerosols/droplets are suspended in the air is an important factor. Long suspended aerosols/droplets are potential source of transmission, particularly in confined spaces. We have calculated times of suspension by considering various environmental factors, namely, the ambient temperature and relative humidity in a confined space, in this work. Both temperature and relative humidity affect the suspension time of the exhaled aerosols/droplets with varying degree. The effects of environmental factors are significant for aerosols, particularly for those with small radii. We have discussed the possible implications of our findings in this paper.

scholarly journals A Nonlinear Calibration Method Based on Sinusoidal Excitation and DFT Transformation for High-Precision Power Analyzers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wenjian Zhou ◽  
Sheng Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Hanmin Sheng ◽  
Yang Deng
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Nonlinear Calibration ◽  
Sinusoidal Excitation

For most high-precision power analyzers, the measurement accuracy may be affected due to the nonlinear relationship between the input and output signal. Therefore, calibration before measurement is important to ensure accuracy. However, the traditional calibration methods usually have complicated structures, cumbersome calibration process, and difficult selection of calibration points, which is not suitable for situations with many measurement points. To solve these issues, a nonlinear calibration method based on sinusoidal excitation and DFT transformation is proposed in this paper. By obtaining the effective value data of the current sinusoidal excitation from the calibration source, the accurate calibration process can be done, and the calibration efficiency can be improved effectively. Firstly, through Fourier transform, the phase value at the initial moment of the fundamental frequency is calculated. Then, the mapping relationship between the sampling value and the theoretical calculation value is established according to the obtained theoretical discrete expression, and a cubic spline interpolation method is used to further reduce the calibration error. Simulations and experiments show that the calibration method presented in this paper achieves high calibration accuracy, and the results are compensation value after calibration with a deviation of ± 3 × 10 − 4 .

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affecting the Diversity and Photosynthetic Pigments of Trentepohlia Species in Northern Thailand’s Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Saraphol ◽  
Srunya Vajrodaya ◽  
Ekaphan Kraichak ◽  
Anchalee Sirikhachornkit ◽  
Nuttha Sanevas
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Factors Affecting

This study addressed the environmental factors that affect <em>Trentepohlia</em> spp. in the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary at altitudes of 399 to 1,503 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) during the rainy, winter, and summer seasons. Species were identified using characteristic morphological identification. The influence of environmental factors on the algae was analyzed using a statistical program, and seasonal changes in the quantity of photosynthetic pigments in the dominant species were evaluated. The average relative humidity was 69.34 ± 12.90%, the average temperature was 26.23 ± 3.79 °C, and the average light intensity was 139.78 ± 42.21 µmol photon m<sup data-id="superscript-1">−2</sup> s<sup data-id="superscript-2">−1</sup>. Thirteen species were found: <em>Trentepohlia chapmanii</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 1, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 2, <em>Trentepohlia sundarbanensis</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 3, <em>Trentepohlia rigidula</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 4, <em>Trentepohlia effusa</em>, <em>Trentepohlia monilia</em>, <em>Trentepohlia abietina</em>, <em>Trentepohlia</em> sp. 5, <em>Trentepohlia aurea</em>, and <em>Trentepohlia umbrina</em>. The largest number of species (seven to nine) were found at lower altitudes, from 473 to 517 m a.s.l. Species diversity was greatest in the winter season (13 species). Species found at low attitude were grouped together (Group 1) and had the greatest diversity, and the remaining species were divided into Groups 2, 3, and 4. Environmental factors had both positive and negative influences on the species, especially <em>T. chapmanii</em>, which was found below 1,003 m a.s.l., and <em>T. monilia</em>, which was found in areas with a high relative humidity of 74.50% to 83.93%. The ratio of the total carotenoids to chlorophyll of <em>T. rigidula</em>, the dominant species, was relatively high at 4.96:1, and the β-carotene content (46.89 %w/w) was highest during winter.

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Its Applications for Ceramic Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
Marcia Rizzutto ◽  
Manfredo Tabacniks
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Ceramic Analysis ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
History Of Migration ◽  
Non Destructive

Systematic research into art and cultural heritage objects in museum collections are growing daily across the world. They are generally undertaken in partnership with archaeologists, curators, historians, conservators, and restorers. The use of scientific methods to answer specific questions about objects produced by different societies reveals the materials and technologies used in the past and gives us a better understanding of the history of migration processes, cultural characteristics, and thereby more grounded parameters for the preservation and conservation of cultural heritage. The use of non-destructive methods, such as the PIXE analysis, is very suitable in such studies because damage or alteration is avoided and the integrity of the object maintained. Such techniques gave historians and curators at the Archaeological and Ethnology Museum in São Paulo new understanding of the Chimu collection of ceramics as well as of the technical process of preventive conservation.

“Engines and Wagons”: The Challenges and Options of Conserving Railway Heritage

Collections ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155019062110527
Author(s):  
Simbarashe Shadreck Chitima
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Management Policies

Zimbabwe has a rich railway heritage that includes rail engines, wagons, coaches, trolleys, ticket rooms, rail stations, and tracks. The National Railway Museum of Zimbabwe (NRMZ) has a long history in providing railway transport and have contributed to the social, economic, and political lives of Zimbabweans. The NRMZ is the only institution that collects, preserve, and display railway heritage. This study investigates the effectiveness of the NRMZ in conserving railway heritage. This study employed qualitative research methodology. It is revealed that railway collections are deteriorating at unprecedented levels. The major agents of deterioration include relative humidity, temperature, pollution, pests and rodents as well as human factors. The study concludes that the NRMZ is employing ineffective conservation strategies and the museum is likely to lose more collections if they do not prioritize preventive conservation, develop collections, and disaster management policies.

Cultural Heritage and Adaptive Reuse as a Contributor to Well-Being

2020 ◽  
pp. 248-272
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Point Interior ◽  
Interior Environments ◽  
Cultural Belonging

This chapter aims to discuss the dialectic relationship between interior environments of heritage buildings and users and the importance of preserving interior elements as communicators of cultural significance. Today the conservation practice and reuse proposals focus on preserving the architectural envelope of buildings rather than interior aspects. Conversely, interiors need specific safeguard and care, not only due to their cultural significance but also because they are the part most closely connected to the real life of users. In the perspective of cultural conservation, existing buildings represent the continuity of cultural values from the past to the future, and at this point, interior architecture is crucial as it provides an authentic interaction between users and spaces conveying all these values. Therefore, the conservation of interior envelope and interior elements rises as a very important issue to be discussed, affecting the occupant's well-being in a very subjective and sometimes unconscious way (considering the cultural belonging).

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