scholarly journals Effects of Narrow Beam Phased Antenna Arrays over the Radio Channel Metrics, Doppler Power Spectrum, and Coherence Time, in a Context of 5G Frequency Bands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10081
Author(s):  
Brian J. Sánchez ◽  
David H. Covarrubias ◽  
Leonardo F. Yepes ◽  
Marco A. Panduro ◽  
Elizvan Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Coherence Time ◽  
Narrow Beam ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Phased Antenna Array ◽  
Doppler Power

With the arrival of 5G wireless communication systems, there has been increased interest in exploring higher frequency bands above 6 GHz, up to millimeter-wave frequencies. Radio wave propagation at these higher frequencies can suffer from substantial Doppler impairments. The linear dependency of Doppler shifts with carrier frequencies make them challenging to use in high-mobility 5G cellular scenarios. Therefore, the Doppler power spectrum (DPS) characteristics and radio channel coherence time (CT) of the received signals are of great importance for 5G wireless systems. In this way, this paper presents the effects of a narrow beam phased antenna array in reducing the DPS (due to user movement) and, simultaneously, increasing the coherence time (CT). Functional and complete descriptive assessments of beamwidths versus the DPS and CT, through different elements and geometries of the phased antenna array, are analyzed. Moreover, in terms of CT and the DPS, better performance on the 5G cellular scenarios was obtained.

scholarly journals Full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid architecture antenna arrays

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Trigka ◽  
Christos Mavrokefalidis ◽  
Kostas Berberidis
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Music Algorithm ◽  
Array Structures ◽  
Signal Sources

AbstractIn the context of this research work, we study the so-called problem of full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid antenna array structures that are utilized in mmWave communication systems. It enables the recovery of the snapshots that would have been obtained if a conventional (non-hybrid) uniform linear antenna array was employed. The problem is considered at the receiver side where the hybrid architecture exploits in a novel way the antenna elements of a uniform linear array. To this end, the recommended scheme is properly designed so as to be applicable to overlapping and non-overlapping architectures. Moreover, the full snapshot recoverability is addressed for two cases, namely for time-varying and constant signal sources. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the consistency between the theoretically predicted behaviors and the simulated results, and the performance of the proposed scheme in terms angle-of-arrival estimation, when compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm and a recently proposed hybrid version of MUSIC (H-MUSIC).

scholarly journals A Review of Antenna Array Technologies for Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Communications at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
G. Federico ◽  
D. Caratelli ◽  
G. Theis ◽  
A. B. Smolders
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Technical Solutions

With the introduction of 5G communication systems operating in the mm-wave frequency range, new opportunities in terms of multimedia services and applications will become available. For this to happen, several technical challenges from an antenna standpoint need to be addressed. The achievements of high-gain characteristics and agile beamforming with wide-scan capabilities are the main targets of the ongoing research on mm-wave antenna arrays. In this paper, an up-to-date overview of antenna array technology for wireless communications at mm-wave frequencies is given. Particular focus is put on the review of the state-of-the art and most advanced antenna array concepts for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint radio links at said frequencies. Various figures of merit are assessed for a comprehensive analysis and bench marking of the technical solutions investigated in the presented survey.

Study of the characteristics of a radio photon device for determining the phase difference of a radar signals

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Yaroslav N. Gusenitsa ◽  
Aleksandr L. Snegirev ◽  
Sergey A. Pokotilo
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Optical Modulator ◽  
Optical Modulators ◽  
Phased Antenna Arrays ◽  
Phased Antenna Array

The paper considers the problem of accurate calculation of the phase of the radar signal in relation to the receiving phased antenna arrays. Methods for determining the phase difference based on a comparison of the received signal with the local oscillator signal are listed, as well as a method based on the use of a radio-photon analog-to-digital converter for the output signal of the receiving phased antenna array. Their disadvantages are indicated. A method and a radio photon device are proposed that are devoid of these disadvantages. The method allows you to calculate the phase difference of the radar signal at the output of the electro-optical modulator and the output signal of the photodetector, taking into account the known values of the amplitudes and phase difference of the microwave signals at the input of the receiving elements of the phased antenna array. The radio-photon device allows you to implement this method and, unlike the known analogues, is based on the use of two parallel-connected electro-optical modulators constructed according to the scheme of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is shown that the proposed radio photon device provides a higher accuracy of determining the phase of the radar signal in comparison with existing analogues. At the end of the work, an analysis of the results of experimental studies using the proposed method and a radio photon device is presented. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the phase and phase differences vary linearly, and their maximum reaches π. In addition, the square of the amplitude of the optical signal at the input of the photon-electronic unit is proportional to the phase difference and inversely proportional to the ratio of the amplitudes of the output signals of the adjacent receiving elements of the phased antenna arrays.

An improved peak side lobe reduction method for linear array antenna for military applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Ravi Tej D ◽  
Sri Kavya Ch K ◽  
Sarat K. Kotamraju
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Fill Rate ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve energy efficiency and further reduction of side lobe level the algorithm proposed is firework algorithm. In this paper, roused by the eminent swarm conduct of firecrackers, a novel multitude insight calculation called fireworks algorithm (FA) is proposed for work enhancement. The FA is introduced and actualized by mimicking the blast procedure of firecrackers. In the FA, two blast (search) forms are utilized and systems for keeping decent variety of sparkles are likewise all around planned. To approve the presentation of the proposed FA, correlation tests were led on nine benchmark test capacities among the FA, the standard PSO (SPSO) and the clonal PSO (CPSO).Design/methodology/approachThe antenna arrays are used to improve the capacity and spectral efficiency of wireless communication system. The latest communication systems use the antenna array technology to improve the spectral efficiency, fill rate and the energy efficiency of the communication system can be enhanced. One of the most important properties of antenna array is beam pattern. A directional main lobe with low side lobe level (SLL) of the beam pattern will reduce the interference and enhance the quality of communication. The classical methods for reducing the side lobe level are differential evolution algorithm and PSO algorithm. In this paper, roused by the eminent swarm conduct of firecrackers, a novel multitude insight calculation called fireworks algorithm (FA) is proposed for work enhancement. The FA is introduced and actualized by mimicking the blast procedure of firecrackers. In the FA, two blast (search) forms are utilized and systems for keeping decent variety of sparkles are likewise all around planned. To approve the presentation of the proposed FA, correlation tests were led on nine benchmark test capacities among the FA, the standard PSO (SPSO) and the clonal PSO (CPSO). It is demonstrated that the FA plainly beats the SPSO and the CPSO in both enhancement exactness and combination speed. The results convey that the side lobe level is reduced to −34.78dB and fill rate is increased to 78.53.FindingsSamples including 16-element LAAs are conducted to verify the optimization performances of the SLL reductions. Simulation results show that the SLLs can be effectively reduced by FA. Moreover, compared with other benchmark algorithms, fireworks has a better performance in terms of the accuracy, the convergence rate and the stability.Research limitations/implicationsWith the use of algorithms radiation is prone to noise one way or other. Even with any optimizations we cannot expect radiation to be ideal. Power dissipation or electro magnetic interference is bound to happen, but the use of optimization algorithms tries to reduce them to the extent that is possible.Practical implications16-element linear antenna array is available with latest versions of Matlab.Social implicationsThe latest technologies and emerging developments in the field of communication and with exponential growth in users the capacity of communication system has bottlenecks. The antenna arrays are used to improve the capacity and spectral efficiency of wireless communication system. The latest communication systems use the antenna array technology which is to improve the spectral efficiency, fill rate and the energy efficiency of the communication system can be enhanced.Originality/valueBy using FA, the fill rate is increased to 78.53 and the side lobe level is reduced to 35dB, when compared with the bench mark algorithms.

scholarly journals THE OUTDOOR PLANAR ANTENNA ARRAY BOOSTER MOBILE INTERNET 3G/4G

T-Comm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Timur A. Gainutdinov ◽  
◽  
Vadim G. Kocherzhewskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Window Glass ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Planar Antenna ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Planar Array ◽  
The Individual

Internet antennas-busters are one of the most common antennas of suburban subscriber stations of broadband radio access systems. In many ways, the speed of information transmission in such systems limits the signal level provided by the base station in the entire operating band of the Internet signal. Since the antenna located on the wall of the house is stationary, it can be made relatively large, which allows you to implement a higher gain and accordingly increase the signal level on the router. At the same time, the market for such antennas is quite saturated with a wide variety of antenna designs, but due to the increase in the number of people working in remote mode and the expected transition to mobile communication systems 5G, it still continues to develop rapidly. The paper proposes a new design of the transceiver mobile Internet antenna-buster, whose main advantage is absolute imperceptibility when installed outdoors. We consider a planar in-phase 8-element antenna array installed on the window glass of a suburban building. As the individual emitters of the lattice are encouraged to use a planar wave dipoles. A feeding scheme for the antenna array on flat two-wire lines has been developed, which provides in-phase and almost equal amplitude excitation of all array elements of the array. Calculations of antenna radiation patterns in the range of 1700-2700 MHz are given. It is shown that the developed antenna has a gain of 8-9 dB in the range of 1700-2100 MHz and 10-12 dB in the range of 2400-2700 MHz. These values are practically not inferior to similar indicators of known collinear antenna arrays and in the upper part of the work range, they have a gain of 1-2 dB compared to their analogs. A planar array matching scheme has been developed that provides a VSWR of about 2.5 in the range of 1700-2100 MHz and no worse than 2 in the range of 2400-2700 MHz. Variants of constructing planar antenna arrays with broadband emitters that provide similar matching without the use of additional matching devices are presented.

scholarly journals Experimental demonstration of peripherally-excited antenna arrays

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman H. Dorrah ◽  
George V. Eleftheriades
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Active Element ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Automotive Radars

AbstractEmerging technologies such as 5G communication systems, autonomous vehicles and satellite Internet have led to a renewed interest in 2D antennas that are capable of generating fixed/scannable pencil beams. Although traditional active phased arrays are technologically suitable for these applications, there are cases where other alternatives are more attractive, especially if they are simpler and less costly to design and fabricate. Recently, the concept of the Peripherally-Excited (PEX) antenna array has been proposed, promising a sizable reduction in the active-element count, especially when compared with traditional phased arrays. Albeit at the price of exhibiting some constraints on the possible beam-pointing directions. Here, we demonstrate the first practical implementation of the PEX antenna concept, and the proposed design is capable of generating single or multiple independently scannable pencil beams at broadside and tilted radiation directions, from a shared radiating aperture. The proposed structure is also easily scalable to higher millimeter-wave frequencies, and can be particularly useful in MIMO and duplex antenna applications, commonly encountered in automotive radars, among others.

scholarly journals Maximum likelihood approach to DoA estimation using lens antenna array

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Ming Jiang ◽  
Peichang Zhang ◽  
Mohamed Rihan ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Jihong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Antenna Selection ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Hardware Complexity ◽  
Lens Antenna ◽  
Lens Array ◽  
Ml Estimator

Abstract Massive antenna array has been proposed to improve the spectral efficiency and link reliability in wireless communication systems. However, using large antenna arrays incurs additional cost in terms of signal processing and hardware complexity. The electromagnetic (EM) lens-focusing antennas are introduced as a promising technique to reduce the hardware complexity and cost. On the other hand, determining the location of users in terms of their direction-of-arrival (DoA) using these lens array becomes of great interest for different 5G services. This paper addresses the issue of DoA estimation by adopting lens antenna array (LNA). We firstly derive an expression for the received signal with the adoption of LNA, and then a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for the DoA has been obtained. Depending on the ability of the lens array to focus the signal power on a subset of antennas as a function of DoA. We propose using the antenna selection (AS) technology to select an antenna subset aiming to reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) chains and accordingly reducing the hardware cost. The simulation results show the the capability of the proposed method to avoid the phase ambiguity problem and provide high accurate DoA estimation of signals.

Optimum design of linear and circular antenna arrays using equilibrium optimization algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ali Durmus ◽  
Rifat Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Side Lobe Level

Abstract In this paper, equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), which is a novel optimization algorithm, is applied to synthesize symmetrical linear antenna array and non-uniform circular antenna array (CAA). The main purpose of antenna array synthesis is to achieve a radiation pattern with low maximum side lobe level (MSL) and narrow half-power beam width (HPBW) in far-field. The low MSL here is an important parameter to reduce interference from other communication systems operating in the same frequency band. A narrow HPBW is needed to achieve high directionality in antenna radiation patterns. Entering the literature as a novel optimization technique, EOA optimally determined the amplitude and position values of the array elements to obtain a radiation pattern with a low MSL and narrow HPBW. The EOA is inspired by models of the control volume mass balance used to predict equilibrium as well as dynamic states. To demonstrate the flexibility and performance of the proposed algorithm, 10-element, 16-element and 24-element linear arrays and eight-element, 10-element and 12-element CAAs are synthesized. The MSL and HPBW values of radiation pattern obtained with the EOA are very successful compared to the results of other optimization methods in the literature.

scholarly journals Millimeter wave patch antenna array for 5G wireless communication systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
A. B. Gnilenko ◽  
S. V. Plaksin
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Angular Width ◽  
Wireless Communication System

Millimeter waves are now considered as an important part of 5G spectrum. Higher frequencies provide larger bandwidth giving the ability to support very high data rate, ultra high capacity and very low latency. The utilization of millimeter wave frequency bands for 5G mobile applications requires effective solutions in the design of antennas and antenna arrays which are the key parts of modern communication systems. In this paper a 4x4 microstrip patch antenna array sub-module is presented to be a part of 5G wireless communication system. The antenna array is designed and optimized to operate at a frequency of 85 GHz which corresponds to the middle of the second atmospheric transparency window. The antenna array is simulated using the time domain solver of the CST Microwave Studio software package. Simulation results are demonstrated and discussed for an optimized array. The designed patch antenna array provides good directivity characteristics with a main lobe magnitude of 16 dBi, angular width of 28 degree and can be applied as a part of a wireless communication system operating at a high frequency band of 5G frequency range.

scholarly journals Methods of measuring the parameters and fault diagnosis phased antenna array in the near field without the use of mechanical positioners

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
N. E. Nenartovich ◽  
V. A. Balagurovsky ◽  
A. O. Manichev
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Phased Antenna Arrays ◽  
Phased Antenna Array

The problem of measuring the parameters of phased antenna arrays without mechanical displacements of the test and / or the auxiliary antenna. Examples demonstrating the high efficiency and practical importance of this approach to measurement.

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