scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Hexane-Extracted Plectranthus amboinicus Leaf Essential Oil: Maximizing Contents on Harvested Plant Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10838
Author(s):  
Nur Suhanawati Ashaari ◽  
Nurul Elyani Mohamad ◽  
Amirul Hafizin Afzinizam ◽  
Mohd-Hairul Ab. Rahim ◽  
Kok Song Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Oil Distribution ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, also known locally as “Bangun-bangun”, is an aromatic medicinal herb known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties attributed to its terpenoid-rich phytochemicals. Information to assist in initiating appropriate harvesting time to maximize the yield of targeted chemicals in harvested plant tissues remains an issue that is seldom highlighted. This study reports on the essential oil distribution in P. amboinicus leaves, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in addition to GC-MS analysis of hexane extracts of the leaf samples collected at various times throughout the day. The influence of environmental factors on γ-terpinene, p-cymene, carvacrol, and thymoquinone are also discussed. Oil Red O staining showed the highest oil deposition at 2 p.m., which was consistent with the phenolic and flavonoid contents of this plant. GC-MS analysis of the leaf extract showed carvacrol (47.00–60.00%), γ-terpinene (8.00–10.00%), caryophyllene (~6.00%), p-cymene (4.90–6.50%), trans-α-bergamotene (4.70–5.00%), and thymoquinone (3.30–5.60%) were the major components of this plant. Interestingly, thymoquinone, a phytochemical associated with Nigella sativa, was also detected in this hexane-extracted sample with maximum accumulation during midday and a decrease at night, which could be due to the lower temperature and dimmer light conditions. The chemical polymorphism in the oil content indicated that environmental factors such as light exposure and temperature should be considered during harvesting to ensure consistent quality of the phytochemicals extracted from the plant materials. This study indicates that oversight in selecting plant materials might compromise the yield of quality phytochemicals extracted from harvested tissues.

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis and biological activities of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha arvensis essential oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Amjad ◽  
Saboon
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Ms Analysis

Abstract Background Essential oils are chemical products produced by odoriferous glands from a variety of plants. These essential oil have many health benefits i.e. antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. So due to these medicinal properties present study was designed to analyze essential oil of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha arvensis for their chemical composition and biological activities. Materials and methods Essential oil from these plants were extracted by hydrodistillation method, and analyzed by GC-MS. To test the microbial activity of these oil disk diffusion method and micro wells method were used. For free radical scavenging DPPH assay was used. However total phenolic content was measured by colorimetric method. Results The GC-MS analysis of T. vulgaris oil showed the presence of 47 chemical compounds among which thymol, terpinene, p-cymene and carvacrol were major. However essential oil of M. arvensis showed the presence of 28 constituents, among which the Menthone, Menthol, Isomenthone, Eucalyptol, neo-Menthol, cis-Piperitone oxide, Linalool, Thymol, Limonene, and α-Phellandrene were major. Essential oil from both these plant tested for antimicrobial activity showed that the T. vulgaris oil was effective against seven bacterial strains and the essential oil of M. arvensis was effective against six bacterial strain. The antioxidant activity of both samples by DPPH assay which showed positive result. Conclusion As both species showed the presence of active components, positive microbial activities, and antioxidant activity so, research should be carried on for further biological activities of these oil for betterment of living beings.

scholarly journals HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND MOISTURE CONTENT IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS AND BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF Th ymus vulgaris L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Cecilia R. Juárez R. ◽  
Lyle E. Craker ◽  
Ma. de las Nieves Rodríguez-Mendoza ◽  
Juan A. Aguilar-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antinfungical properties that have attracted the interest of pharmacological and food industries. Humic substances (HS) are a natural product that has shown beneficial effects on soil and on plant growth. These positive effects are explained by the direct interaction of HS with physiological processes. But it is unknown their effect on the composition of the thyme bioactive constituents. To test the effect of humic substances, seeds of T. vulgaris were germinated and grown at different rates of HS (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L-1). Th yme plants were also grown at three levels of moisture (20, 40 and 60 % of field capacity). At harvest plant height and shoot fresh and dry weight were measured. Bioactive constituents were determined in terms of yield and principal components of essential oil (by distillation in Clevenger apparatus and gas chromatography). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined with spectrophotometric techniques. Morphological variables, except for shoot fresh weight, showed signifi cant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among treatments. The essential oil yield and composition, as well as antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents, were higher at the highest levels of HS and substrate moisture.

scholarly journals Physiological, morphological and phytochemical responses of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) populations to salt stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Mirniyam ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
Parisa Yavari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ehtemam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract Twenty-eight populations of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) were evaluated for morphological traits and oil yield in two consecutive years. Then, selected ajowan populations that revealed medium and high oil yield and higher seed weight in two years were selected for further studies. These were assessed for physiological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity under four salt treatments control, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl. The essential oil composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Thymol (32.7-54.29%), γ -terpinene (21.71–32.81%), and p-cymene (18.74–26.16%) were major components. The highest and lowest thymol were recorded for Qazvin (control) and Qazvin (Low salt concentration), respectively. Salt stress caused an increase in essential oil content of Esfahfo and Qazvin populations. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in Arak population grown in 60 mM NaCl (183.83 mg TAE g− 1 DW) and Yazd population grown in 90 mM NaCl (5.94 mg QE g− 1 DW). Moreover, Yazd population exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH (IC50 = 1566µg/mL) under 60 mM NaCl and the highest reducing power (0.69 nm) under 120 mM NaCl. Overall, the results revealed that low and moderate salt stress improves the phytochemicals of ajowan, being especially useful for pharmaceutical and food applications.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Characterization and Solvent Fraction Depending in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Cassia absus, Gymnema sylvestre, Nigella sativa and Piper nigrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Asif Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Methanol Extracts

This study was aimed to phytochemically characterize and assess the antioxidant activities of 70% methanol extract and subsequent fractions of Cassia absus (L.) seeds, Gymnema sylvestre (L.) whole plant, Nigella sativa (L.) seeds, and Piper nigrum (L.) seeds. Powdered plant materials were extracted with 70% methanol and further fractionated with ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and the residual aqueous fraction. Phytochemical analysis was performed to detect different phytocompounds. Mineral compositions were quantified, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant potential of methanol extracts and fractions was assessed in vitro through estimating DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Extraction yields ranging highest of N. sativa methanol extract (30.42�1.49%) and lowest of P. nigrum ethyl-acetate fraction (4.58�0.61%) were obtained. Results revealed that methanol extracts and fractions of selected plants contain phytocompounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, carbohydrates, fats and fixed oils. The mineral analysis showed considerable quantities of calcium (C. absus methanol extract: 372.454�3.633 mg/100g), magnesium (G. sylvestre methanol extract: 131.045�1.346 mg/100g), and zinc (N. sativa methanol extract: 36.019�0.284 mg/100 g) in all fractions while minor quantities of manganese, copper and cobalt were also found. Methanol extracts showed considerably higher total phenolic (N. sativa methanol extract: 179.71�2.14 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (N. sativa methanol extract: 189.18�3.17 mg CE/g) contents compared to other fractions, and subsequently exhibited pronounced scavenging activities on DPPH* (N. sativa methanol extract: 23.8 �g/mL) and superoxide radicals (N. sativa methanol extract: 24.9 �g/mL) and had potent reductive abilities (N. sativa methanol extract: 1.123�0.038 O.D.). Conclusively, C. absus, G. sylvestre, N. sativa and P. nigrum possess significant nutritive properties and could be used as natural antioxidant sources to prevent oxidative stress-associated diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutraceutical content and topical Anti-inflammatory Activities of Turraea vogelii Hook F. Ex Benth (Meliaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Hidayah Ayodeji Olumoh-Abdul ◽  
◽  
Rashidat Oluwafunke Ayanniyi ◽  
Fatimoh Idowu Ojuade ◽  
Remilekun Justina Agbana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: Turraea vogelii has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments including wounds, stomach aches, malaria, infections, filariasis cutaneous, among others and, it serves as source of food. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutraceuticals content and topical anti-inflammatory effect of hydro-methanol twig extract of Turraea vogelii (METV). Method: METV was obtained using cold maceration with water and methanol in ratio 30:70. The concentration of vitamins A, C and E, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were evaluated by UV spectrophotometric method. Phenol and xylene-induced ear edema was used to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory effect in mice. Results: The concentration of vitamins A, C and E was found to be 0.113 0.006, 9.303 0.012 and 0.020 0.001 mg in 100g of dried plant materials, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.281 0.318 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.112 mg/g quercetin equivalent, respectively. Topical application of METV at a dose of 25 and 50mg/ear in xylene-induced ear edema produced significant inhibition (P<0.05) of 33 and 54% while in phenol-induced ear edema was significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by 44% and 34%. Dexamethasone (0.1mg/ear) produced an inhibition of 83% and 57% in phenol-induced ear edema. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated that Turraea vogelii twigs contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which may be responsible for the topical anti-inflammatory effect of the plant extract.

scholarly journals Studies on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Rudbeckia triloba

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenovia Moldovan ◽  
Mihaela Buleandră ◽  
Eliza Oprea ◽  
Zamfirica Mînea
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
Vegetable Material

The paper describes the physicochemical studies made on the decorative plant, Rudbeckia triloba (Asteraceae). For this purpose, essential oil, infusion, decoction, and hydroalcoholic macerate obtained from different aerial parts of Rudbeckia triloba were analyzed. The main phytochemical constituents identified by GC-MS analysis were found to be α-pinene (in dried leaves (46.0%) and flowers (40.1%)) and β-phellandrene (in essential oil of dried inflorescences (26.09%)). The Folin–Ciocalteu and quercetin assays revealed different values of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of petals, leaves, and seeds as a function of the solvent used and extraction procedure. The hydroalcoholic macerate of petals was found to present the maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents (130.29 ± 5.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry vegetable material and 30.72 ± 1.35 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry vegetable material, resp.) and also exhibits the lower value of EC50 (0.32% (v/v)), obtained by applying the DPPH⋅ assay. Comparing the extraction methods applied, the maceration was found to be the most effective for phenolic compounds, most likely due to the solvent (70% ethanol). The use of water-alcohol mixture leads to an improvement of the extraction yield of phenolic compounds (including those with higher molecular weights) than by using water as extractive solvent, in the case of infusions and decocts.

Chemical Composition and Biological Effects of Essential Oils from Some Aromatic and Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Yaman ◽  
Yusuf Sari ◽  
Sevim Atmaca ◽  
Zeliha Eroglu ◽  
Omer Kayir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Dpph Method

Background: Natural products play a significant role in drug discovery process due to containing of a large variety of bioactive compounds. Objective: To isolate the essential oil from Salvia fruticosa (SF), Lavandula intermedia (LI), and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) with identification the chemical composition of the oils and to investigate the antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Method: The plant materials were cultivated and supplied from Yalova, Turkey. Essential oils were generated from aerial parts of each plant by steam distillation and the compounds were identified by GC-MS analyses. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined. DPPH method was used for antioxidant activity. Seed germination was executed with the standard method. Antifungal and antibacterial activity were carried out by disc diffusion method. Results: 1,8-Cineole (45.8%) was the main constituent of SF. Linalyl acetate (34.4%) was detected as the chief product of LI. The major product of RO was assigned as 1,8-cineole (43.3%). RO essential oil (IC50, 224.76 µg ml-1) had higher DPPH• effect than the standard, BHT. LI essential oil showed the outstanding antifungal activity (100%) on Botrytis cinerea and Scelerotinia sclerotiorum. LI essential oil inhibited the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis at the rate of 16.4% at 7.5 µl dose. The best antibacterial effect was observed for RO essential oil on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (30.5%) at 7.5 µl. Conclusion: R. officinalis essential has a potential for using in food industry as a natural antioxidant. L. intermedia and R. officinalis essential oils could be useful in food and agriculture to keep the products in high worth.

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