Insights into the Bioactivities and Chemical Analysis of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle

Many species of the so-called exotic plants coexist with native species in a balanced way, but others thrive very quickly and escape human control, becoming harmful—these are called invasive alien species. In addition to overcoming geographic barriers, these species can defeat biotic and abiotic barriers, maintaining stable populations. Ailanthus altissima is no exception; it is disseminated worldwide and is considered high risk due to its easy propagation and resistance to external environmental factors. Currently, it has no particular use other than ornamental, even though it is used to treat epilepsy, diarrhea, asthma, ophthalmic diseases, and seborrhoea in Chinese medicine. Considering its rich composition in alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, and flavonoids, doubtlessly, its use in medicine or other fields can be maximised. This review will focus on the knowledge of the chemical composition and the discovery of the biological properties of A. altissima to understand this plant better and maximise its possible use for purposes such as medicine, pharmacy, or the food industry. Methods for the extraction and detection to know the chemical composition will also be discussed in detail.

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Chemical composition and biological properties of Piper cabralanum C. DC. (Piperaceae)

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1394897 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (16) ◽

Author(s):

D Moreira ◽

F Candido ◽

M Siqueira ◽

C Quaresma ◽

E Guimarâes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Biological Properties

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PEAS AND PRODUCTS OF ITS PROCESSING OF - NONCONVENTIONAL RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES

STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. In the frame of the XXIII Agribusiness Forum of the South of Russia and the Exhibition «Interagromash» Volume 1 ◽

10.23947/interagro.2020.1.407-409 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D.Y. Bolgova ◽

◽

N.A. Tarasenko ◽

Z.S. Mukhametova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Human Health ◽

Food Production ◽

Food Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plant Proteins ◽

Material Resources ◽

The Rich

Nutrition is an important factor that affects human health. The use of plant proteins as various additives in food production has now been actively developed. The rich chemical composition of pea grains determines the possibility of application in the food industry. Peas are characterized by good assimilability and degree of digestion.

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The Distribution of Minerals in Crucial Plant Parts of Various Elderberry (Sambucus spp.) Interspecific Hybrids

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040653 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 653

Author(s):

Nataša Imenšek ◽

Vilma Sem ◽

Mitja Kolar ◽

Anton Ivančič ◽

Janja Kristl

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Plant Development ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Food Industry ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Genetic Breeding ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Early Stages ◽

Superior Genotypes

In view of growing requirements of the food industry regarding elderberries (genus Sambucus), a need to increase their productivity and improve their chemical composition has emerged. With this purpose in mind, numerous elderberry interspecific hybrids have been created. In the present work, the content of minerals in their crucial plant parts was studied. It was also investigated whether superior genotypes regarding the mineral composition of berries and inflorescences could be predicted at early stages of plant development. The results showed that elderberry leaves contained the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Sr, while K and P were predominant in fruit stalks. Fe and Al prevailed in roots and Cu in bark. Although berries showed lower mineral content compared to other plant parts, their mineral content is not negligible and could be comparable to other commonly consumed berries. Genotypes with a favorable mineral content of inflorescences and berries could be predicted on the basis of known mineral composition of their shoots and leaves. The study also indicates that S. nigra genotypes and the majority of interspecific hybrids analyzed are suitable for further genetic breeding or cultivation.

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Anthocyanins Recovered from Agri-Food By-Products Using Innovative Processes: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives for Their Application in Food Systems

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2632

Author(s):

Henrique Silvano Arruda ◽

Eric Keven Silva ◽

Nayara Macêdo Peixoto Araujo ◽

Gustavo Araujo Pereira ◽

Glaucia Maria Pastore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Systems ◽

Food Industry ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Current Review ◽

Natural Colorants ◽

Conventional Extraction ◽

The Stability ◽

By Products

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phytochemicals that have attracted growing interest from consumers and the food industry due to their multiple biological properties and technological applications. Nevertheless, conventional extraction techniques based on thermal technologies can compromise both the recovery and stability of anthocyanins, reducing their global yield and/or limiting their application in food systems. The current review provides an overview of the main innovative processes (e.g., pulsed electric field, microwave, and ultrasound) used to recover anthocyanins from agri-food waste/by-products and the mechanisms involved in anthocyanin extraction and their impacts on the stability of these compounds. Moreover, trends and perspectives of anthocyanins’ applications in food systems, such as antioxidants, natural colorants, preservatives, and active and smart packaging components, are addressed. Challenges behind anthocyanin implementation in food systems are displayed and potential solutions to overcome these drawbacks are proposed.

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Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils from native species of the ‘Campos de Cima da Serra’ region, South Brazil

Journal of Essential Oil Research ◽

10.1080/10412905.2021.1928558 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Marcia R. Pansera ◽

Wendel P. Silvestre ◽

Felipe Gonzatti ◽

Gabriel F. Pauletti ◽

Valdirene C. Sartori

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Native Species ◽

South Brazil

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Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic Preparations of Diverse Composition, Obtained from Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson Leaf and Twig Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2835

Author(s):

Anna Stochmal ◽

Bartosz Skalski ◽

Rostyslav Pietukhov ◽

Beata Sadowska ◽

Joanna Rywaniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Solid Media ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Although the major components of various organs of sea buckthorn have been identified (particularly phenolic compounds), biological properties of many of these phytochemicals still remain poorly characterized. In this study, we focused on the chemical composition and biological activity of preparations that were obtained from sea buckthorn twigs and leaves. The objective was to investigate cytotoxicity of these preparations against human fibroblast line HFF-1, using MTT reduction assay, their anti- or pro-oxidant activities against the effects of a biological oxidant -H2O2/Fe—on human plasma lipids and proteins in vitro (using TBARS and carbonyl groups as the markers of oxidative stress). Antimicrobial activity of the tested preparations against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as against fungi (Candida albicans, C. glabrata) by the EUCAST-approved broth microdilution method, followed by growth on solid media, were also assessed. Our analysis showed significant differences in chemical composition and biological properties of the tested preparations (A–F). All tested preparations from sea buckthorn twigs (D–F) and one preparation from sea buckthorn leaves (preparation C) may be a new source of phenolic antioxidants for pharmacological and cosmetic applications.

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Rose Flowers—A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11010127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Milka Mileva ◽

Yana Ilieva ◽

Gabriele Jovtchev ◽

Svetla Gateva ◽

Maya Margaritova Zaharieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Food Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Oil Sand ◽

Rosa Gallica ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.

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