Retrospective Study Regarding Orthodontic Retention Complications in Clinical Practice

At the end of any orthodontic treatment, retention is a necessary phase. Unfortunately, the current retention devices and the lack of proper oral hygiene on the part of patients lead to the accumulation of dental plaque, periodontal inflammation, and gingival retraction. Our retrospective study included 116 adult patients wearing various types of orthodontic retainers. To quantitatively determine the accumulation of dental plaque, we used the Quigley–Hein plaque index modified by Turesky and the Navy plaque index modified by Rustogi. Another studied parameter was related to the gingival recession associated with retention devices. We had investigated the correctness of patients’ dental hygiene, their preferences for auxiliary means of oral hygiene, the consistency with which they wear the mobile retainers, and respect the orthodontist’s instructions; we also investigated the inconveniences and the accidents that may occur during the retention period. Statistical analysis showed that plaque accumulation is significantly lower in the case of mobile retainer than fixed retainer wearers; the exception was the Hawley plate, where the interdental plaque was more than in all the other studied retainers. Periodontal recessions were more frequent in the case of fixed retainer wearing. Flossing was the most commonly used auxiliary mean for oral hygiene. The compliance of women in wearing vacuum-formed retainers was better than that of men. Patients with a class III history had more plaque accumulation, and class II/1 had the most problems related to detachment/damage of fixed retainers. Mobile retainers proved better results for oral hygiene, but fixed retainers cannot be waved.

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Effects of cigarette smoking on periodontium

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0206229b ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 55 (5-6) ◽

pp. 229-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marija Bokor-Bratic

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Age Difference ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Periodontal Condition

Introduction The exact mechanisms by which smoking effects the periodontal tissues are not known. Studies in which plaque or calculus are taken into consideration come to conflicting conclusions regarding effects of smoking. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the oral hygiene and periodontal status in smokers and compare them with nonsmokers. Material and methods The study group comprised 83 smokers and 83 nonsmokers. The mean age (SD) of smokers and nonsmokers was 42,4?7,0 years and 43,7?6,4 years, respectively. The age difference was not statistically significant. The average tobacco consumption of the smokers at the time of investigation was 14 cigarettes a day and they had been regular smokers for 21 years on average. Results The amount of dental plaque was evaluated in accordance with the criteria of Green-Vermillion by using disclosing solution. The periodontal condition was evaluated by Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index. For gingival recession the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the gingival margin was determined on mid-buccal and mid-lingual surfaces of all teeth. Each subject was radiographically examined with a full mouth intraoral survey. Alveolar bone loss was determined as the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the point where lamina dura became continuous with the compact bone of the interdental septum. Mean alveolar bone loss based on all mesial and distal measurements was calculated for each subject. The amount of dental plaque was high in both smokers (2,60,60) and nonsmokers (1,50,70), whereas the differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion Periodontal destruction, alveolar bone loss and gingival recession were significantly increased in smokers compared to nonsmokers (p<0.001). It is concluded that differences observed between smokers and nonsmokers with regard to periodontal condition are attributable to differences in oral hygiene. Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal health.

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A retrospective study of orthodontic treatment with pre-treatment gingival recessions

10.21203/rs.2.22064/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guoste Antanaviciene ◽

Dalia Smailiene ◽

Nomeda Baseviciene ◽

Egle Zasciurinskiene

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Open Bite ◽

Class Iii ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Before And After ◽

Pre Treatment

Abstract Background: The development of gingival recessions (GR) after orthodontic treatment (OT) is well described in the literature. However, there is a lack of information about the changes in pre-existing GR during OT. Methods: This retrospective study aimed to examine the change of GR before and after OT. Intraoral photographs of 993 patients treated with fixed appliances between 2005 and 2017 were evaluated. Patients who had at least one GR on the vestibular surface of maxillary/mandibular teeth mesial to first molars were included. GR was measured on good quality plaster models before and after OT. The change of GR (T0-T1) was categorised into the three groups: worsened, did not change and improved (this group consisted of GR, which became better but did not disappear, and fully healed, which disappeared after OT)). The change of GR by ≥0.5 mm was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics (Version 22.0. Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Fifty-one (5.1%) patient had ≥1 GR before OT. Of them, 37 (72.5%) patients were included in the final analysis according to the inclusion criteria. GR before OT was found on 114 buccal/labial surfaces. At tooth level the median GR improvement was 0.55 (Q1; Q3: 0.12; 0.96) mm (p<0.001). GR improved in 67 teeth (58.7%), did not change in 41 (36.0%), and worsened in 6 (5.3%). Of the 67 GR, which improved, full healing was observed in 15 (22.4%) teeth. There was a lower chance for GR improvement in cases with pre-treatment open bite (OR 3.35; 95% CI: 1.14, 9.84; p=0.03) and dental Class III patients (OR 2.20; 95% CI: 0.92, 5.28; p=0.03). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present retrospective study, it may be concluded that orthodontic treatment induces changes in gingival recessions. In more than half of the teeth, the improvement in gingival recession was observed. Class III malocclusion and reduced pre-treatment overbite had a negative impact on GR improvement.

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The Effects of an Alum-containing Mouthrinse and a Saturated Saline Rinse on Existing Plaque Levels in Children

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1096 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

Jasmin Winnier ◽

Ullal Anand Nayak ◽

Arun Prasad Rao ◽

Venugopal N Reddy

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Professional Supervision ◽

Hygiene Measures

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives The present study compared and evaluated the effects of an alum-containing mouthrinse and a saturated saline rinse on existing plaque levels in children. Materials and Methods The investigation was a double blind, stratified comparison of three parallel groups of children who used either an alum-containing mouthrinse or a saturated saline rinse twice daily under professional supervision for a 21 days period. Dental plaque was recorded using the plaque index described by Silness and Loe at baseline, on days 10 and 21. Statistical analysis All data were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon's signed ranks sum test and Mann- Whitney U-test. Results and conclusion The results of the present study show that alum and saturated saline mouthrinse groups showed statistically significant reductions in dental plaque levels on comparison of the data obtained at baseline, 10th and 21st days over the control group. Among the two adjunctive oral hygiene measures that were evaluated, alum rinse was the most effective in reducing the dental plaque levels. How to cite this article Rupesh S, Winnier J, Nayak UA, Rao AP, Reddy VN. The Effects of an Alum-containing Mouthrinse and a Saturated Saline Rinse on Existing Plaque Levels in Children. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):7-11.

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Periodontal Status and Oral Hygiene in Two Populations of Cleft Patients

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/05-137 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Magdalena Stec ◽

Joanna Szczepańska ◽

Jacek Pypeć ◽

Ursula Hirschfelder

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

German Population ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Key Factor

Objective: To evaluate and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate treated in Łódź, Poland, and Erlangen, Germany. Design: Oral health was assessed by the presence of dental plaque, pocket depth, clinical attachment levels, and pathologic teeth mobility. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-seven Polish and 63 German patients participated in this study. Results: Poor oral hygiene was found in 57% of all subjects. In Erlangen, 60% of patients had optimal oral hygiene, compared to 19% in Łódź. The highest scores for dental plaque were noted in both groups in the cleft region. Healthy periodontium was significantly more frequent among German patients, whereas gingival bleeding was significantly more frequent among Polish patients. Pocket depths greater than 6 mm occurred only in German subjects. No statistically significant difference was observed between the amount of tooth areas with gingival recessions and the country of origin. Periodontal pockets deeper than 3.5 mm occurred more frequently during active orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: The oral hygiene regimens in Germany and Poland were not comparable, as more plaque was found in the Polish than in the German population. Plaque accumulation seems not to be a key factor in causing periodontal destruction in the cleft area. Factors other than oral hygiene should be considered of major importance in relation to the development of gingival recession on teeth in cleft areas.

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Influence of different types of partial dentures on dental plaque accumulation

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0502097p ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

Tatjana Puskar ◽

Dubravka Markovic ◽

Larisa Blazic ◽

Bojana Jefic

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Preventive Effect ◽

The Third ◽

Modified Method ◽

Different Types ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the paper was to assess influence of different types of partial dentures on dental plaque accumulation. The study was conducted in three experimental and one control group with 30 examinees each. In the first experimental group were patients with partial acrylic dentures, in the second were patients with overdentures and in the third group were the patients with metal skeletal dentures. Dental plaque on the remaining teeth was measured by Silness-Loe modified method. Dental plaque scores were obtained at a time when dentures were given to patients and after 6 and 12 months of wearing, respectively. The plaque index of all teeth after 12 months of wearing dentures was relatively low in all three examined groups which resulted from previous education and motivation of examinees for oral hygiene maintenance. However, the highest risk of oral diseases caused by dental plaque is in patients with partial acrylic dentures, then in patients with overdentures, and best preventive effect was achieved in patients with metal skeletal dentures.

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Anti-plaque efficacy of Siwak as a mechanical tooth stick

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v11i3.1329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 559-562

Author(s):

Mahdieh Zarabadipour ◽

Reihaneh Saffari ◽

Monirsadat Mirzadeh

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Active Form ◽

Study Groups ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Base Line ◽

Salvadora Persica ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Dental plaque removal is an important goal in oral hygiene program. The public interest in herbal medicine and natural products has grown in the past few years. Siwak (Salvadora persica L. (kharijal)) is an ancient tooth stick that has preventive and therapeutic effects on oral cavity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of siwak chewing sticks on plaque accumulation on tooth surface. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study 80 volunteer was selected randomly for complete the study chart. They were enrolled in the study for being in the one of the four study groups: active siwak, inactive siwak, usual tooth brush and no-oral hygiene. The participants wanted to use their instruction for 6 days. Base line (PI-1) and 3-day (PI-2) and 6-day (PI-3) plaque indexes was recorded by Sillness and Loe method. Data evaluation was done using SPSS-22 and Kruskal Wallis Test, Chi-Square Tests. Results: There was a significant reduction of the plaque index in PI-3 (p= 0.029). But in the others, there was no significant difference in the change of plaque index between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that siwak were able to reduce dental plaque as a mechanical tooth brush and if it uses in active form (fresh plant), the reduction of plaque accumulation is more prominent and effective.

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Periodontal condition in diabetics in Belgrade

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0811799a ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 799-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Biljana Andjelski-Radicevic ◽

Obrad Zelic ◽

Silvija Mirkovic ◽

Tatjana Todorovic

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Type I ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Dental Plaque Index

Background/Aim. Diabetes mellitus (DM) as a complex metabolic disease influences functioning of numerous organs. Therefore, frequent diabetic complication is chronic periodontitis. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of various risk factors, like age, sex, duration of DM, oral hygiene, on oral manifestations of diabetes. Methods. The group of diabetics included 52 adult patients, 18-79-year of age, both sexes (33 females, 19 males) out of which 35 patients were with diabetes mellitus type I and 17 with type II. Mean age of the patients was 54.6 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 11.1 years. The controls consited of 67 volunteers from the city of Belgrade, 19-24-year of age, both sexes (47 females, 20 males) with no paradonthopathy and non-systemic diseases. Estimation of periodontal status of the patients was performed by measuring dental plaque index, gingival index and periodontal pockets' depth. Results. The results suggest an increased incidence and severity of periodontitis in diabetic patients. It was established that duration of diabetes, patients' age and bad oral hygiene had a negative influence on status of remained teeth in diabetics, while the sex had no influence on parameters monitored. Conclusion. Indices of oral hygiene level and periodontal status (dental plaque index, gingival index and periodontal pockets' depth) were significantly worsened in patients with diabetes. Negative influence on remained teeth had patients' age (>50 years), duration of diabetes (> 20 years) and bad oral hygiene. About half of the patients had a total or partial bridge suggesting that periodontitis is significant complication of diabetes mellitus.

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Impact of radiotherapy in head and neck regions on periodontal and oral hygiene conditions

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e44410212745

Author(s):

André Costa Cartaxo ◽

Liliane Cristina Nogueira Marinho ◽

Davi Neto de Araújo Silva ◽

Natália Teixeira da Silva ◽

Maria de Lourdes Silva de Arruda Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Dose Fractionation ◽

Poor Oral Hygiene ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

Dose Fraction

Objective: Evaluate the influence of head and neck radiotherapy dose on periodontal tissue for to understanding of its adverse effects, and consequently to propose strategies to reduce its severity. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective study with intraoral clinical examinations performed before radiotherapy (T0) and immediately after the end of radiation therapy. The clinical data collected regarding oral and periodontal hygiene conditions were visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession area, clinical attachment level (CAL), degree of mobility and presence or absence of suppuration. In addition, data such as radiation dose, fractionation and duration of radiotherapy were reported. Results: Fourteen patients were evaluated, of which 11 had periodontitis after the radiotherapy, and 9 had poor oral hygiene conditions after the radiotherapy. Seven of the 11 subjects with periodontitis presented tumors in the oral cavity. There was a decrease in visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). The research was unable to establish a significant association between radiation therapy and oral hygiene condition and periodontitis. Conclusion: Poor oral hygiene conditions predominated in the sample, which can be associated with the presence of debilitating conditions. Direct radiation on the oral cavity may have an influence on the development of periodontitis. The development of gingivitis only and periodontitis was not influenced by dose, fraction or duration of radiotherapy in the study period.

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Periodontal implication of bonded and removable retainers: A comparative study

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v10i3.32973 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Sonali Mondal ◽

Gazi Shamim Hassan ◽

Kamrun Nessa ◽

Shyamal Kumar ◽

Ashik Abdullah Imon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Dental Calculus ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

The Mean ◽

Fixed Retainers

<p>The purpose of this study is to compare the periodontal health of the lower anterior teeth retained with the use of removable and fixed retainers. Fifty four cases receiving comprehensive orthodontic treatment in between 10 to 30 years were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups of 27 each. One group was given removable retainers and other was given fixed retainers. The periodontal status of the patients was accessed with bleeding on probing index, Plaque index and Calculus index. The mean plaque index in case of removable retainers at 1st, 3rd and 6th month were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.7 where as in case of fixed retainers that were 1.8, 3.0 and 4.5. The mean dental calculus index in case of removable retainers at 1st, 3rd and 6th month were 0.0, 0.1 and 0.1 where as in case of fixed retainers that were 0.1, 0.9 and 1.8. In conclusion, removable retainers are superior in oral hygiene maintenance, yet the use of fixed retainers cannot be denied.</p>

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PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS MENYIKAT GIGI METODE HORIZONTAL DAN METODE FONES TERHADAP PENURUNAN INDEKS PLAK GIGI PADA ANAK TUNANETRA USIA 6-13 TAHUN DI SEMARANG

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.2.2.36-40 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Muthia Choirunnisa ◽

Prima Agusmawanti ◽

Moh Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

T Test ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Significance Level ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Dental Plaque Index

Introduction: Children with special needs have physical limitations and the ability to maintain their oral hygiene, so it needs to be chosen the proper tooth brushing methods for maintaining oral hygiene and prevent periodontal disease.Purpose: This study aimed to know differences of the effectiveness of horizontal tooth brushing methods and foneson the dental plaque index in children with visual impairment.Methods: This research was a quasy experimental laboratory with pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted on 26 blind children aged 6-13 years in MILB YKTM Budi Asih, SLB-A DriaAdi, and SLB Negeri Semarang that were divided into two groups of horizontal and fonestooth brushing method. Dental plaque was measured using PHP plaque index, examined the dental crown facial or lingual parts by dividing each tooth crown into 5 subdivisions, plaque index inspected before and after 1 week of brushing method application, then analyzed by paired t-test and independent t test at a significance level ofp <0.05. Results: The mean of plaque index before and after brushing the teeth with horizontal method was 2.56 and 0.956 down to 1.61, whereas in the fonesmethod was 3.03 and 1.68down to 1.35. Plaque index before and after brushing teeth both on horizontal and fones method was statistically significant(p <0.05). But the effectiveness of both methods were not different or similar (p = 0.179).Conclusion: There was no difference of effectiveness between horizontal and fones tooth brushing methods on the dental plaque index in children with visual impairment.

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